Araştırma Makalesi
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Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği Üyeliğine Katılım Yolculuğu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 210 - 221, 30.06.2022

Öz

Türkiye ve Avrupa Birliği, kalkınmanın sosyal, ekonomik, politik ve kültürel yönlerinde iyi bir ortaklık kurmuştur. Bu makale, tarihsel hermenötiği kullanarak ve Türkiye'nin AB üyeliğine katılım yolculuğunu inceleyerek, Türkiye’nin Avrupa'ya kabul edilme olasılığını değerlendirmeyi amaçlamakta ve Türkiye'nin katılım sürecine ilişkin tutumuna açıklık getirmektedir. Bu inceleme aynı zamanda, hevesli bir devletin etkili bir küresel organizasyona katılma yolculuğunu ve üyelik için zorluklarını ve çabalarını anlamamızı sağlar. Bu makale, Türkiye'nin AB üyelik yolculuğunun belirsizlik ve muğlaklıkla karakterize olduğunu savunuyor. Türkiye'nin AB'ye kabul edilme olasılığı, insan hakları sorunu, Kıbrıs sorunu, AB üyelerinin onayı gibi tüm iç ve dış zorlukların ve Türkiye'nin AB'ye katılım gerekliliklerine uyumunun önündeki tüm engellerin ortadan kaldırılmasında yatmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Akçay, E. Y. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nde Koşulluluk Ilkesinin Işlevsizliği: 15 Temmuz Sonrasi Türkiye-Ab Ilişkileri Çerçevesinde Bir Analiz. Al Farabi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(3), 503-516.
  • Akşit, S., Şenyuva, Ö., & Üstün, Ç.(2009). Turkey Watch: Eu Member States’ Perceptions on Turkey’s Accession To The Eu. Center For European Studies, Middle East Technical University: Ankara.
  • Aydin-Dtizgit, S. And Keyman, E.F. (2013). Eu-Turkey Relations and The Stagnation Of Turkish Democracy. Global Turkey In Europe: Political, Economic, And Foreign Policy Dimensions Of Turkey's Evolving Relationship With The Eu, 2, 7-8. Http://Www.Iai.It/Sites/Default/Files/Gte_Wp_02.Pdf (30.05.2021)
  • Baracani, E. And Çalimli, M. (2017). Eu-Turkey Relations: Facilitating or Constraining Democratization? European Perspectives On Turkey's Domestic Politics And Foreign Policy, P.11.
  • BCC News. (2018). Https://Www.Bbc.Com/News/World-Europe-17994865.
  • Blockmans, S. (2014). Eu-Turkey Relations: Turning Vicious Circles Into Virtuous Ones. Ceps Policy Brief Or Centre For European Policy Studies, Brussels, 3-4. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ceps.Eu/System/Files/Pb%20317%20sb%20on%20turkey%20final.Pdf, (02.12.2018).
  • Bretherton, C, And Vogler, J. (2006). The European Union As Global Actor. German Law Journal, 9(2), Pp.211-215.
  • Commission Of The European Communities. (2001). 2001 Regular Report On Turkey's Progress Towards Accession. Retrieved From https://www.avrupa.info.tr/sites/default/files/2016-11/2001.pdf
  • Commission Of The European Communities. (2004). Recommendation Of The European Commission On Turkey's Progress Towards Accession. Retrieved From Https://Eurlex.Europa.Eu/Lexuriserv/Lexuriserv.Do?Uri=Com%3a2004%3a0656%3afin%3aen%3apdf (21.04.2021).
  • Council of The European Communities. (1992). EEC-Turkey Association Agreement And Protocols And Other Basic Texts. Brussels. Retrieved From Http://Aei.Pitt.Edu/56864/1/Protocols.Turkey.Pdf
  • Dartan, M. And Nas, Ç. Eds. (2002). The European Union Enlargement Process And Turkey. Marmara University, European Community Institute.
  • Dossier, M. (2018). Eu-Turkey Relations. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ceteus.Uni-Koeln.De/Sites/Jean_Monnet/User_Upload/Eu-Turkey_Relations_-_Monteus_Dossier.Pdf, (03.12.2021).
  • Durmaz, F. (2015). Soğuk Savaş Sonrasi Dönemde Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinin'kibris'boyutu. Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science/Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 6(13).
  • Eralp, A. (2000). Turkey In The Enlargement Process: From Luxembourg To Helsinki. Private View, 8, 2-3.
  • EU Council. (2015). Meeting Of Heads Of State Or Government With Turkey-Eu-Turkey Statement. Retrieved From Https://Www.Consilium.Europa.Eu/En/Press/Press-Releases/2015/11//29/Eu-Turkey-Meeting-Statement/, (24.12.2021).
  • European Commission. (2010). Turkey 2010 Progress Report. Retrieved From https://ec.europa.eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Sites/Near/Files/Pdf/Key_Documents/2010/Package/Tr_Rapport_2010_En.Pdf (02.12.2020).
  • European Commission. (2015). Eu And Turkey Announce Modernisation Of Customs Union, Retrieved From Http://Trade.Ec.Europa.Eu/Doclib/Press/Index.Cfm?Id=1307, (11.12.2020).
  • European Commission. (2016a). Accession Criteria. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Glossary/Terms/Accession-Criteria_En
  • European Commission. (2016b). Steps Towards Joining. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Steps-Towards-Joining_En
  • European Commission. (2018). Turkey 2018 Report. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Sites/Near/Files/20180417-Turkey-Report.Pdf, (27.01.2021).
  • European Commission. (2019). Conditions For Membership. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Conditions-Membership/Chapters-Of-The-Acquis_En
  • European Commission. (2020a). Instrument For Pre-Accession Assistance. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Instruments/Overview_En
  • European Commission. (2020b). Conditions For Membership. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Conditions-Membership_En
  • European Commission. 2018. Key Findings Of The 2018 Report On Turkey. Retrieved From Https://Www.Avrupa.Info.Tr/En/Eeas-News/Key-Findings-2018-Report-Turkey-7577, (30.12.2020).
  • European Parliament. (2018a). Reassessing Eu-Turkey Relations. Retrieved From Http://Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/News/En/Headlines/World/20170426sto72401/New-Beginnings-Reassessing-Eu-Turkey-Relations, (22.12.2020).
  • European Parliament. (2018b). Future Eu-Turkey Relations. P.5 Retrieved From Https://Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/Regdata/Etudes/Brie/2018/628290/Eprs_Bri(2018)628290_En.Pdf
  • European Union. (2014). Negotiation Chapters: 35 Steps Towards The European Union, Eu Information Centre, Retrieved From Https://Europa.Rs/Images/Publikacije/07-35_Steps_Toward_Eu.Pdf (30.11.2020).
  • European Union. (2018). Delegation Of The European Union To Turkey: Current Status. Retrieved From Https://Www.Avrupa.Info.Tr/En/Current-Status-742, (01.12.2020).
  • EU-Turkey: We Want Full Membership, Eu Needs To Stop Being Overly Critical", Says Erdogan. (2018). Retrieved From Https://Youtu.Be/2m4ck3aqi20. (20.12.2020).
  • Grabbe, H., & Ülgen, S.(2010). The Way Forward For Turkey And The Eu: A Strategic Dialogue On Foreign Policy. Retrieved From Https://Carnegieendowment.Org/Files/Turkey_Eu_Policy1.Pdf (03.12.2020).
  • Hauge, H. L., Eralp, A., Wessels, M. W., & Bedir, N. S. (2016). Mapping Milestones And Periods Of Past Eu-Turkey Relations. Feuture Working Paper, 09.
  • Horváth, Z., & Szűcs, P. (2007). Handbook On The European Union. Hvg-Orac.
  • Hürriyet. 2018.Turkey Close To Visa-Free Travel: Eu Commissioner. Retrieved From Http://Www.Hurriyetdailynews.Com/Turkey-Close-To-Visa-Free-Travel-Eu-Commisioner-139292 (01.03.2021)
  • Kılıç, T.(2019). Two Criteria Remain Challenging As Turkey Nears Visa Liberalization With The Eu. Retrieved From Https://Www.Dailysabah.Com/Eu-Affairs/2019/01/02/Two-Criteria-Remain-Challenging-As-Turkey-Nears-Visa-Liberalization-With-Eu
  • Koranyi, D., & Sartori, N. (2013). Eu-Turkish Energy Relations In The Context Of Eu Accession Negotiations: Focus On Natural Gas. Global Turkey In Europe Ii, 23.
  • Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. (2007). Political Reforms In Turkey. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ab.Gov.Tr/Files/Pub/Prt.Pdf
  • Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. (2020). Chronology Of Turkey-European Union Relations (1959-2015). Https://Www.Ab.Gov.Tr/Files/Chronology.Pdf, P.5, (22.12.2020).
  • Morelli, V. (2010). European Union Enlargement: A Status Report On Turkey's Accession Negotiations. Library Of Congress Washington Dc Congressional Research Service.
  • Philippe, P. (2018). Future Eu-Turkey Relations. European Parliamentary Research Service, 4-6. Retrieved From Http://Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/Regdata/Etudes/Brie/2018/628290/Eprs_Bri(2018)628290_En.Pdf (20.12.2020)
  • The Global Post. (2018). Eu Cancels €70 Million Fund For Turkey Due To Failure İn Human Rights. Retrieved From Https://Turkey.Theglobepost.Com/Turkey-Eu-Fund-Cancelled/
  • Thomas, S.(2003). The Accession Of Turkey Into Eu: Reasons For The Slow Progress. Retrieved From Http://Edepot.Wur.Nl/251421, (25.11.2020).
  • TRT World. (2017). President Erdoğan Says Turkey No Longer Needs Eu Membership. Retrieved From Https://Www.Trtworld.Com/Turkey/President-Erdogan-Says-Turkey-No-Longer-Needs-Eu-Membership-
  • Ulchenko, N. (1998). Turkey-Eu Economic Relations: Problems And Prospects.The Turkish Yearbook Of International Relations, 18, 142.
  • Ünal, Ç.(2017).The Cyprus Conundrum İn Turkey- Eu Relations. Retrieved From Http://Www.Hurriyetdailynews.Com/Opinion/Unal-Cevikoz/The-Cyprus-Conundrum-İn-Turkey-Eu-Relations--111561
  • Veebel, V. (2011). Relevance Of Copenhagen Criteria in Actual Accession: Principles, Methods, And Shortcomings Of Eu Pre-Accession Evaluation. Studies Of Transition States and Societies, 3(3), 3-23.
  • Yabanci, B. (2016). The Future of Eu-Turkey Relations: Between Mutual Distrust and Interdependency. Feuture Online Paper, 1, 1-37.
  • Yalcin, E., Aichele, R., And Felbermayr, G.(2016). Turkey's Eu Integration At A Crossroads (Ged Study)," Books, 8. Retrieved From Https://Www.Bertelsmann-Stiftung.De/Fileadmin/Files/Bst/Publikationen/Grauepublikationen/Nw_Turkey_S_Eu_Integration.Pdf (03.12.2020).

Accession Journey of Turkey to The European Union Membership

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 210 - 221, 30.06.2022

Öz

Turkey and the European Union established a good partnership in social, economic, political, and cultural aspects of development. By utilizing historical hermeneutics and examining the accession journey of Turkey into the EU membership, this review aims to assess the possibility of the Turkey admission to the European and gives clarity to Turkey’s stance on the accession process. This review also allows us to understand an aspiring state's journey towards joining an influential global organization and its challenges and efforts for membership. This paper argues that Turkey's journey to EU membership was characterized by uncertainty and vagueness. The possibility of Turkey’s admission to the EU lies in eliminating all the internal and external challenges such as the human rights issue, the Cyprus problem, the approval of the EU members, and all barriers that hindered Turkey’s compliance with the EU accession requirements.

Kaynakça

  • Akçay, E. Y. (2017). Avrupa Birliği’nde Koşulluluk Ilkesinin Işlevsizliği: 15 Temmuz Sonrasi Türkiye-Ab Ilişkileri Çerçevesinde Bir Analiz. Al Farabi Uluslararası Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 1(3), 503-516.
  • Akşit, S., Şenyuva, Ö., & Üstün, Ç.(2009). Turkey Watch: Eu Member States’ Perceptions on Turkey’s Accession To The Eu. Center For European Studies, Middle East Technical University: Ankara.
  • Aydin-Dtizgit, S. And Keyman, E.F. (2013). Eu-Turkey Relations and The Stagnation Of Turkish Democracy. Global Turkey In Europe: Political, Economic, And Foreign Policy Dimensions Of Turkey's Evolving Relationship With The Eu, 2, 7-8. Http://Www.Iai.It/Sites/Default/Files/Gte_Wp_02.Pdf (30.05.2021)
  • Baracani, E. And Çalimli, M. (2017). Eu-Turkey Relations: Facilitating or Constraining Democratization? European Perspectives On Turkey's Domestic Politics And Foreign Policy, P.11.
  • BCC News. (2018). Https://Www.Bbc.Com/News/World-Europe-17994865.
  • Blockmans, S. (2014). Eu-Turkey Relations: Turning Vicious Circles Into Virtuous Ones. Ceps Policy Brief Or Centre For European Policy Studies, Brussels, 3-4. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ceps.Eu/System/Files/Pb%20317%20sb%20on%20turkey%20final.Pdf, (02.12.2018).
  • Bretherton, C, And Vogler, J. (2006). The European Union As Global Actor. German Law Journal, 9(2), Pp.211-215.
  • Commission Of The European Communities. (2001). 2001 Regular Report On Turkey's Progress Towards Accession. Retrieved From https://www.avrupa.info.tr/sites/default/files/2016-11/2001.pdf
  • Commission Of The European Communities. (2004). Recommendation Of The European Commission On Turkey's Progress Towards Accession. Retrieved From Https://Eurlex.Europa.Eu/Lexuriserv/Lexuriserv.Do?Uri=Com%3a2004%3a0656%3afin%3aen%3apdf (21.04.2021).
  • Council of The European Communities. (1992). EEC-Turkey Association Agreement And Protocols And Other Basic Texts. Brussels. Retrieved From Http://Aei.Pitt.Edu/56864/1/Protocols.Turkey.Pdf
  • Dartan, M. And Nas, Ç. Eds. (2002). The European Union Enlargement Process And Turkey. Marmara University, European Community Institute.
  • Dossier, M. (2018). Eu-Turkey Relations. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ceteus.Uni-Koeln.De/Sites/Jean_Monnet/User_Upload/Eu-Turkey_Relations_-_Monteus_Dossier.Pdf, (03.12.2021).
  • Durmaz, F. (2015). Soğuk Savaş Sonrasi Dönemde Türkiye-Avrupa Birliği İlişkilerinin'kibris'boyutu. Gümüshane University Electronic Journal of the Institute of Social Science/Gümüshane Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Elektronik Dergisi, 6(13).
  • Eralp, A. (2000). Turkey In The Enlargement Process: From Luxembourg To Helsinki. Private View, 8, 2-3.
  • EU Council. (2015). Meeting Of Heads Of State Or Government With Turkey-Eu-Turkey Statement. Retrieved From Https://Www.Consilium.Europa.Eu/En/Press/Press-Releases/2015/11//29/Eu-Turkey-Meeting-Statement/, (24.12.2021).
  • European Commission. (2010). Turkey 2010 Progress Report. Retrieved From https://ec.europa.eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Sites/Near/Files/Pdf/Key_Documents/2010/Package/Tr_Rapport_2010_En.Pdf (02.12.2020).
  • European Commission. (2015). Eu And Turkey Announce Modernisation Of Customs Union, Retrieved From Http://Trade.Ec.Europa.Eu/Doclib/Press/Index.Cfm?Id=1307, (11.12.2020).
  • European Commission. (2016a). Accession Criteria. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Glossary/Terms/Accession-Criteria_En
  • European Commission. (2016b). Steps Towards Joining. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Steps-Towards-Joining_En
  • European Commission. (2018). Turkey 2018 Report. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Sites/Near/Files/20180417-Turkey-Report.Pdf, (27.01.2021).
  • European Commission. (2019). Conditions For Membership. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Conditions-Membership/Chapters-Of-The-Acquis_En
  • European Commission. (2020a). Instrument For Pre-Accession Assistance. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Instruments/Overview_En
  • European Commission. (2020b). Conditions For Membership. Retrieved From Https://Ec.Europa.Eu/Neighbourhood-Enlargement/Policy/Conditions-Membership_En
  • European Commission. 2018. Key Findings Of The 2018 Report On Turkey. Retrieved From Https://Www.Avrupa.Info.Tr/En/Eeas-News/Key-Findings-2018-Report-Turkey-7577, (30.12.2020).
  • European Parliament. (2018a). Reassessing Eu-Turkey Relations. Retrieved From Http://Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/News/En/Headlines/World/20170426sto72401/New-Beginnings-Reassessing-Eu-Turkey-Relations, (22.12.2020).
  • European Parliament. (2018b). Future Eu-Turkey Relations. P.5 Retrieved From Https://Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/Regdata/Etudes/Brie/2018/628290/Eprs_Bri(2018)628290_En.Pdf
  • European Union. (2014). Negotiation Chapters: 35 Steps Towards The European Union, Eu Information Centre, Retrieved From Https://Europa.Rs/Images/Publikacije/07-35_Steps_Toward_Eu.Pdf (30.11.2020).
  • European Union. (2018). Delegation Of The European Union To Turkey: Current Status. Retrieved From Https://Www.Avrupa.Info.Tr/En/Current-Status-742, (01.12.2020).
  • EU-Turkey: We Want Full Membership, Eu Needs To Stop Being Overly Critical", Says Erdogan. (2018). Retrieved From Https://Youtu.Be/2m4ck3aqi20. (20.12.2020).
  • Grabbe, H., & Ülgen, S.(2010). The Way Forward For Turkey And The Eu: A Strategic Dialogue On Foreign Policy. Retrieved From Https://Carnegieendowment.Org/Files/Turkey_Eu_Policy1.Pdf (03.12.2020).
  • Hauge, H. L., Eralp, A., Wessels, M. W., & Bedir, N. S. (2016). Mapping Milestones And Periods Of Past Eu-Turkey Relations. Feuture Working Paper, 09.
  • Horváth, Z., & Szűcs, P. (2007). Handbook On The European Union. Hvg-Orac.
  • Hürriyet. 2018.Turkey Close To Visa-Free Travel: Eu Commissioner. Retrieved From Http://Www.Hurriyetdailynews.Com/Turkey-Close-To-Visa-Free-Travel-Eu-Commisioner-139292 (01.03.2021)
  • Kılıç, T.(2019). Two Criteria Remain Challenging As Turkey Nears Visa Liberalization With The Eu. Retrieved From Https://Www.Dailysabah.Com/Eu-Affairs/2019/01/02/Two-Criteria-Remain-Challenging-As-Turkey-Nears-Visa-Liberalization-With-Eu
  • Koranyi, D., & Sartori, N. (2013). Eu-Turkish Energy Relations In The Context Of Eu Accession Negotiations: Focus On Natural Gas. Global Turkey In Europe Ii, 23.
  • Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. (2007). Political Reforms In Turkey. Retrieved From Https://Www.Ab.Gov.Tr/Files/Pub/Prt.Pdf
  • Ministry Of Foreign Affairs. (2020). Chronology Of Turkey-European Union Relations (1959-2015). Https://Www.Ab.Gov.Tr/Files/Chronology.Pdf, P.5, (22.12.2020).
  • Morelli, V. (2010). European Union Enlargement: A Status Report On Turkey's Accession Negotiations. Library Of Congress Washington Dc Congressional Research Service.
  • Philippe, P. (2018). Future Eu-Turkey Relations. European Parliamentary Research Service, 4-6. Retrieved From Http://Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/Regdata/Etudes/Brie/2018/628290/Eprs_Bri(2018)628290_En.Pdf (20.12.2020)
  • The Global Post. (2018). Eu Cancels €70 Million Fund For Turkey Due To Failure İn Human Rights. Retrieved From Https://Turkey.Theglobepost.Com/Turkey-Eu-Fund-Cancelled/
  • Thomas, S.(2003). The Accession Of Turkey Into Eu: Reasons For The Slow Progress. Retrieved From Http://Edepot.Wur.Nl/251421, (25.11.2020).
  • TRT World. (2017). President Erdoğan Says Turkey No Longer Needs Eu Membership. Retrieved From Https://Www.Trtworld.Com/Turkey/President-Erdogan-Says-Turkey-No-Longer-Needs-Eu-Membership-
  • Ulchenko, N. (1998). Turkey-Eu Economic Relations: Problems And Prospects.The Turkish Yearbook Of International Relations, 18, 142.
  • Ünal, Ç.(2017).The Cyprus Conundrum İn Turkey- Eu Relations. Retrieved From Http://Www.Hurriyetdailynews.Com/Opinion/Unal-Cevikoz/The-Cyprus-Conundrum-İn-Turkey-Eu-Relations--111561
  • Veebel, V. (2011). Relevance Of Copenhagen Criteria in Actual Accession: Principles, Methods, And Shortcomings Of Eu Pre-Accession Evaluation. Studies Of Transition States and Societies, 3(3), 3-23.
  • Yabanci, B. (2016). The Future of Eu-Turkey Relations: Between Mutual Distrust and Interdependency. Feuture Online Paper, 1, 1-37.
  • Yalcin, E., Aichele, R., And Felbermayr, G.(2016). Turkey's Eu Integration At A Crossroads (Ged Study)," Books, 8. Retrieved From Https://Www.Bertelsmann-Stiftung.De/Fileadmin/Files/Bst/Publikationen/Grauepublikationen/Nw_Turkey_S_Eu_Integration.Pdf (03.12.2020).
Toplam 47 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Mur-hamida Eldani

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Eldani, M.-h. (2022). Accession Journey of Turkey to The European Union Membership. Academic Knowledge, 5(1), 210-221.

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