Hasat Zamanı ve Lokasyona Göre Biberiyenin (Rosmarinus officinalis) Uçucu Yağ Bileşimi

Yıl 2022, , 274 - 282, 11.10.2022

Muharrem Gölükcü Orçun Çınar Haluk Tokgöz Fatma Uysal Bayar

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1187031

Öz

Biberiyenin uçucu yağ içeriği bitkiden elde edilecek ürün kalitesi üzerinde belirleyici rol oynamaktadır. Bitkisel materyallerde uçucu yağ bileşimini etkileyen birçok parametre bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı bitkisel materyalin alındığı lokasyon ve hasat zamanına göre biberiye uçucu yağı bileşiminden meydana gelen değişimi belirlemektir. Çalışma kapsamında değerlendirmeye alınan bitkisel materyaller biberiye üretiminin yaygın olduğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde üç farklı lokasyondan (Karaisalı, Adana; Tarsus, Mersin ve Döşemealtı, Antalya) yıl boyunca aylık olarak temin edilmiştir. Örneklerin uçucu yağ bileşimleri gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi/alev iyonizasyon dedektörü (GC-MS/FID) cihazı ile kapiler kolon kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Biberiye uçucu yağının ana bileşenleri 1,8-sineol, kamfor, α-pinen, borneol ve α-terpineol olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları örneklerin uçucu yağ miktar ve bileşimi üzerine lokasyon ve hasat zamanının istatistiksel olarak önemli etkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Lokasyon bazında bir değerlendirme yapıldığında Adana ve Mersin örneklerinde uçucu yağ bileşimleri benzerlik göstermiş ve ana bileşen olan 1,8-sineol oranı sırasıyla %52.56-58.26 ve %54.76-61.54 aralığında değişim göstermiş, Antalya lokasyonundan temin edilen örnekte ise kamfor (%16.31-21.11), 1,8-sineol (%15.00-16.95), α-pinen (%14.38-17.88), verbenon (%10.94-13.57) ve borneol (%9.04-12.19) bileşenleri öne çıkmıştır. Hasat zamanına göre de biberiye uçucu yağ bileşimde farklılıklar oluşmuş, ancak lokasyonlar arasındaki farklılığa göre bu değişim daha dar bir aralıkta olmuştur. Sonuç olarak biberiye uçucu yağında lokasyon ve hasat zamanına göre farklılıklar oluşabileceği dikkate alınmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rosmarinus officinalis, Uçucu yağ, Hasat zamanı, 1, 8-sineol

Destekleyen Kurum

Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK)

Proje Numarası

213Z647

Teşekkür

Makale 213Z647 nolu TÜBİTAK projesinin bir kısmını oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmayı destekleyen TÜBİTAK’a teşekkür ederiz

Essential Oil Composition of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) with Respect to Location and Harvesting Time

Öz

Essential oil composition of rosemary plays a decisive role on product quality. There are many parameters which can influence the herbal plants’ essential oil composition. It was aimed to determine the effect of location and harvesting time on essential oil composition of rosemary. The herbal materials evaluated within the scope of the study were harvested monthly from three different locations (Karaisalı in Adana, Tarsus in Mersin and Döşemealtı in Antalya) throughout the year in the Mediterranean Region, where rosemary production is common in Turkey. Essential oil composition of samples was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation dedector (GC-MS/FID) device equipped with capillary column. The main components of rosemary essential oil were determined as 1,8-cineol, camphor, α-pinene, borneol and α-terpineol. Essential oil composition of samples was influenced significantly by their location and harvesting time. The essential oil compositions in the samples obtained from Adana and Mersin were similar and the ratio of 1,8-cineol, which was the main component, varied between 52.56 and 58.26% and between 54.76 and 61.54%, respectively. On the other hand, main components were camphor (16.31-21.11%), 1,8-cineol (15.00-16.95%), α-pinene (14.38-17.88%), verbenone (10.94-13.57%) and borneol (9.04-12.19%) for Antalya location samples’ essential oil. There were also statistically important differences in the composition of rosemary essential oil according to harvesting time, but the range of this variation was narrow in comparison to locations. Results indicated that in essential oil production it should be taken into account that there might be differences in rosemary essential oil composition according to location and harvesting time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Rosmarinus officinalis, essential oil, harvesting time, 1, 8-cineol

Proje Numarası

213Z647

Kaynakça

• [1] Genç, L. (2010). Tıbbi ve Aromatik Bitkilerin Kullanım Alanları Ve Etiği. Anadolu Üniversitesi Yayın No: 2098, Eskişehir, 345 s.
• [2] Gülbaba, A.G., Özkurt., N., Kürkçüoğlu, M., Başer, K.H.C. (2002). Mersin ve Adana yöresindeki doğal biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) populasyonlarının tespiti ve uçucu yağ verim ve bileşenlerin belirlenmesi. Orman Bakanlığı Yayın No: 193, Tarsus.
• [3] Ribeiro-Santos, R., Carvalho-Costa, D., Cavaleiro, C., Costa, H. S., Albuquerque, T.G., Castilho, M.C., Ramos, F., Melo, N.R., Sanches-Silva, A. (2015). A novel insight on an ancient aromatic plant: The rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.). Trends in Food Science & Technology, 45(2), 355-368.
• [4] Aksu, P., Hışıl, Y. (2005). Baharatların antioksidatif etkileri. Akademik Gıda, 3(1), 20-25.
• [5] Ayoob, I., Rahman, M.U., Rehman, S.U. (2018). Essential oil composition of Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Kashmir (India). EC Microbiology, 14(2), 29-32.
• [6] Genena, A.K., Hense, H., Smania Junior, A., Souza, S.M.D. (2008). Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) – A study of the composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of extracts obtained with supercritical carbon dioxide. Food Science and Technology (Campinas), 28(2), 463-469.
• [7] Nieto, G. (2017). Biological activities of three essential oils of the Lamiaceae family. Medicines, 4(3), 63-72.
• [8] Hussain, A.I., Anwar, F., Chatha, S.A.S., Jabbar, A., Mahboob, S., Nigam, P.S. (2010). Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil: antiproliferative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 41, 1070-1078.
• [9] Elamrani, A., Zrira, S., Benjilali, B., Berrada, M. (2000). A study of Moroccan rosemary oils. Journal Of Essential Oil Research, 12(4), 487-495.
• [10] Haida, S., Essadik, F.Z., Kribii, A., Habsaoui, A., Ounine, K., Benmoumen, A., Kribii, A. (2015). Study of chemical composition of rosemary essential oil from Western Morocco and evaluation of antioxidant and antibacterial activity of its extracts. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 4(7), 307-323.
• [11] Hannour, K., Boughdad, A., Maataoui, A., Bouchelta, A. (2017). Chemical composition and toxicity of Moroccan Rosmarinus officinalis (Lamiaceae) essential oils against the potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller, 1873) Zeller (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae). Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 8(2), 758-769.
• [12] Kırıcı, S., İnan, M. (2001). Effect of different harvesting time on the essential oil content of rosemary in the Çukurova conditions. Proceedings of the Workshop on Agricultural and Quality. Aspects of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, 263-271.
• [13] Atak, M., Mavi, K., Uremis, I. (2016). Bio-herbicidal effects of oregano and rosemary essential oils on germination and seedling growth of bread wheat cultivars and weeds. Romanian Biotechnological Letters, 21(1), 11149-11159.
• [14] Başkaya, Ş., Ayanoğlu, F., Bahadırlı, N.P. (2016). Biberiye (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Bitkisinin uçucu yağ oranı, uçucu yağ bileşenleri ve antioksidan içeriğinde morfogenetik ve ontogenetik varyabilite. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 21(1), 12-20.
• [15] Harmankaya, S., Vatansever, L. (2017). The effect of essential oils of rosemary and clove on shelf life chicken meat. Van Veterinary Journal, 28(1), 11-19.
• [16] Katar, N., Katar, D., Temel, R., Karakurt, S., Bolatkıran, İ., Yıldız, E., Soltanbeigi, A. (2019). The effect of different harvest dates on the yield and quality properties of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) plant. Biological Diversity and Conservation, 12(3), 7-13.
• [17] Brown, S.K., Garver, W.S., Orlando, R.A. (2017). 1,8-Cineole: An underappreciated anti-inflammatory therapeutic. Journal of Biomolecular Research & Therapeutics, 6(1), 1-6.
• [18] Zuccarini, P., Soldani, G. (2009). Camphor: Benefits and risks of a widely used natural product. Acta Biologica Szegediensis, 53(2), 77-82.
• [19] Chen, Z.X., Xu, Q.Q., Shan, C.S., Shi, Y.H., Wang, Y., Chang, R.C.C., Zheng, G.Q. (2019). Borneol for regulating the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in experimental ischemic stroke: preclinical evidence and possible mechanism. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 1-15.
• [20] Salehi, B., Upadhyay, S., Erdogan Orhan, I., Jugran, A.K., Jayaweera, S.L.D., Dias, D.A., Sharopov, S., Taheri, Y., Martins, N., Baghalpour, N., Cho, W.C., Sharifi-Rad, J. (2019). Therapeutic potential of α- and β-pinene: A miracle gift of nature. Biomolecules, 9, 1-37.
• [21] Anonim. (2011). Baharatlar, çeşniler ve tıbbi bitkiler - Uçucu yağ muhtevasının tayini (hidrodistilasyon yöntemi), TS EN ISO 6571, Ankara.
• [22] Özek, G., Demirci, F., Özek, T., Tabanca, N., Wedge, D.E., Khan, S.I., Başer, K.H.C., Duran, A., Hamzaoglu, E. (2010). Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis of volatiles obtained by four different techniques from Salvia rosifolia Sm., and evaluation for biological activity. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217, 741-748.
• [23] Düzgüneş, O., Kesici, T.,Kavuncu, O., Gürbüz, F. (1987). Araştırma ve Deneme Metotları. Ankara Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Ankara, 381s.
• [24] Babushok, V.I., Linstrom, P.J., Zenkevich, I.G. (2011). Retention indices for frequently reported compounds of plant essential oils. Journal of Pysical and Chemical Reference Data, 40(4), 1-47.
• [25] Alipour, M., Saharkhiz M.J. (2016). Phytotoxic activity and variation in essential oil content and composition of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) during different phenological growth stages. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 7, 271-278.
• [26] Dıraz Yıldırım, E. (2018). The effect of seasonal variation on Rosmarinus officinalis (L.) essential oil composition. International Journal of Agriculture and Wildlife Science, 4(1), 33-38.
• [27] Chalchat, J.C., Garry, R.P., Michet, A., Benjilali, B., Chabart, J.L. (1993). Essential oils of rosemary (Rosmarinus oflicinalis L.) The chemical composition of oils of various origins (Morocco, Spain, France). Journal of Essential Oil Research, 5(6), 613-618.
• [28] Derwich, E., Benziane, Z., Chabir, R. (2011). Aromatic and medicinal plants of Morocco: chemical composition of essential oils of Rosmarinus officinalis and Juniperus phoenicea. International Journal of Applied Biology and Pharmaceutical Technology, 2(1), 145-153.
• [29] Mendoza-Garcia, E.E., Ortega-Arenas, L.D., Serrato-Cruz, M.A., Villanueva-Jimenez, J.A., Lopez Arroyo, J.I., Perez-Pacheco, R. (2019). Chemical composition, toxicity, and repellence of plant essential oils against Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae). Chilean Journal of Agricultural Research, 79(4), 636-647.
• [30] Frescura, V.D.S., Boligon, A.A., Barbosa, F.M., De Souza, J.M., Lerner, M.A., Laughinghouse IV, H.D., Silva, C.D.B.D., Andriolo, J.L., Lopes, S.L., Tedesco, S.B. (2018). Nutrient solution concentration and collection time in phytomass production, content, yield and chemical composition of essential oil of rosemary. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 41(10), 1293-1302.
• [31] Diab, Y., Auezova, L., Chebib, H., Chalchat, J.C., Figueredo, G. (2002). Chemical composition of Lebanese rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil as a function of the geographical region and the harvest time. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 14(6), 449-452.
• [32] Boutekedjiret, C., Belabbes, R., Bentahar, F., Bessiere, J.M. (1999). Study of Rosmarinus officinalis L. essential oil yield and composition as a function of the plant life cycle. Journal of Essential Oil Research, 11(2), 238-240.
• [33] Satyal, P., Jones, T.H., Lopez, E.M., McFeeters, R.L., Awadh Ali, N.A., Mansi, I., Al-Kaf, A.G., Setzer, W.N. (2017). Chemotypic characterization and biological activity of Rosmarinus officinalis. Foods, 6(20), 1-15.
• [34] Barakat, H., Ghazal, G.A. (2016). Antifungal and antioxidant activities of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) essential oil. Journal of Food and Dairy Sciences, 7(5), 273-282.
• [35] Hcini, K., Sotomayor, J.A., Jordan, M.J., Bouzid, S. (2013). Chemical composition of the essential oil of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) of Tunisian origin. Asian Journal of Chemistry, 25(5), 1-3.
• [36] Hay, Y.O., Sierra, M.A.A., Tellez, M., Sequeda, L.G., Tellez, A.N., Bonnafous, C., Raynaud, C. (2015). Phytochemical, antioxidant and antimicrobial parameters of essential oils and hydrosols of Colombian thyme and rosemary obtained using two different steam distillation methods. International Journal of Phytocosmetics and Natural Ingredients, 2(7), 1-10.
• [37] Roomiani, L., Ghaeni, M., Moarref, M., Fallahi, R., Lakzaie, F. (2019). The effects of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil on the quality changes and fatty acids of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 18(1), 95-109.