Assessment of Health Risks Associated with the Presence of Phthalate Esters in Tea Samples: A Comprehensive Analysis

Yıl 2024, , 51 - 58, 29.03.2024

Gürsel İşçi

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1460993

Öz

This study presents novel insights into the occurrence of phthalate esters (PAEs) in tea samples consumed in Turkey. Employing multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode with precursor-product ion transitions, quantitative and qualitative analyses of PAEs were conducted using an LC-MS/MS system. A dispersive solid-phase extraction (dSPE) technique was utilized to determine the PAE contents in the tea samples. The limit of detection for all PAEs ranged from 0.350 to 1.882 ng/mL, while the limit of quantification ranged from 1.165 to 6.273 ng/mL. Moreover, strong correlations were observed with R2 values exceeding 0.996 for all PAEs, indicating robustness. Recovery studies demonstrated satisfactory results, falling within the range of 92.20% to 97.24%, indicating effective retrieval. The relative standard deviation values for the target PAEs ranged from 3.22% to 5.54%. The study findings indicate that PAE levels in the tea samples generally comply with permissible limits set by EU regulations, except for DBP (1807.70±1478.86 ng/mL). Notably, DBP and DINP (941.44±852.80 ng/mL) were identified as the predominant plasticizers in the tea samples. Health risk assessment, conducted through hazard quotient and hazard index calculations across various age groups, consistently yielded values below 1 for DEP, DEHP, DINP, BBP, and DBP, suggesting minimal non-carcinogenic health risks associated with tea consumption across all age groups. Furthermore, the intake of individual phthalate esters, including DEP, DEHP, DINP, BBP, and DBP, remained below acceptable daily limits defined by the EFSA. Although some tea products exhibited slightly elevated PAE levels, overall, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous monitoring and regulations to ensure the safety of packaged tea and mitigate potential long-term exposure risks linked to PAEs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tea bags, Health risk assessment, Phthalates, LC-MS/MS

Çay Örneklerindeki Fitalat Esterlerinin Varlığına İlişkin Sağlık Risklerinin Değerlendirilmesi: Kapsamlı Bir Analiz

Öz

Bu çalışma, Türkiye'de tüketilen çay örneklerinde fitalat esterlerinin (PAE’lerin) varlığına ilişkin yeni perspektifler sunmaktadır. Çoklu reaksiyon izleme (MRM) modu ve öncü-ürün iyon geçişleriyle, LC-MS/MS sistemi kullanılarak PAE'lerin nicel ve nitel analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çay örneklerindeki PAE içeriklerini belirlemek için dağıtıcı katı faz ekstraksiyonu (dSPE) tekniği kullanılmıştır. Tüm PAE’ler için saptama limiti (LOD) 0.350 ile 1.882 ng/mL arasında değişirken, nicemleme limiti (LOQ) 1.165 ile 6.273 ng/mL arasında değişmektedir. Ayrıca, tüm PAE'ler için 0.996'dan büyük R2 değerleriyle güçlü korelasyonlar gözlemlenmiş, bu da sağlamlığı işaret etmektedir. Kurtarma çalışmaları, etkili kurtarma gösteren %92.20 ila %97.24 aralığında tatmin edici sonuçlar vermiştir. Hedef PAE'ler için göreceli standart sapma değerleri %3.22 ila %5.54 arasında değişmektedir. Çalışmanın bulguları, çay örneklerindeki PAE seviyelerinin genellikle AB düzenlemeleri tarafından belirlenen izin verilen sınırlarla uyumlu olduğunu göstermektedir, ancak DBP (1807.70±1478.86 ng/mL) için değil. Özellikle, DBP ve DINP (941.44±852.80 ng/mL) çay örneklerinde belirgin plastikleştiriciler olarak belirlenmiştir. Çeşitli yaş grupları arasında yapılan tehlike oranı (HQ) ve tehlike indeksi (HI) hesaplamalarıyla gerçekleştirilen sağlık riski değerlendirmesi, çay tüketiminin tüm yaş gruplarında minimal kanserojen olmayan sağlık riskleri taşıdığını gösteren DEP, DEHP, DINP, BBP ve DBP için 1'den düşük değerler sağlamıştır. Ayrıca, EFSA tarafından belirlenen kabul edilebilir günlük limitler dahilinde DEP, DEHP, DINP, BBP ve DBP gibi bireysel fitalat esterlerinin alımı devam etmektedir. Bazı çay ürünlerinin hafif yüksek PAE seviyeleri göstermesine rağmen, genel olarak, çalışma, paketli çayın güvenliğini sağlamak ve PAE’lerle ilişkilendirilen potansiyel uzun vadeli maruziyet risklerini en aza indirmek için sürekli izleme ve düzenlemelerin önemini vurgulamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çay poşetleri, Sağlık risk değerlendirmesi, Fitalatlar, LC-MS/MS

Kaynakça

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