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Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 13 - 18, 01.10.2005

Öz

Son yıllarda doğal ve yenilenebilir kaynaklardan mikroorganizmalar tarafından üretilen biyomateryallere olan ilgi giderek yoğunlaşmaktadır. Bu tip maddelerden olan mikrobiyal polisakkaritler bir çok mikroorganizma tarafından hücre dışı olarak üretilmektedir. Bu polisakaritler tek tip şekerden meydana gelen homopolisakkarit ve farklı şeker birimlerini içeren heteropolisakkaritler olmak üzere iki grupta düşünülebilir. Bu biyopolimerler, reolojik ve film oluşturma özellikleri nedeniyle gıda sanayinde stabilizatör, emülgatör, jelleştirici ajan olarak ve gıdaların kaplanmasında kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma, mikrobiyal polisakkaritler ile ilgili son gelişme ve bilgileri özetlemektedir

Kaynakça

  • Baird, J. K., Pettitt, D. J.,1991. Biogums used in food and made by fermentation. pp.223-263. Biotechnology and Food Ingredients.Goldberg, I.
  • Williams, R. (Editors) New York. Anon.2004. TNO Nutrition and Food Research,Holland. www.voeding.tno.nl
  • Sutherland, I., 2002. A sticky business. Microbial Polysaccharides: current products and future trends. Microbiology Today 29 May.
  • Pace, G. W. 1987. Microbial gums.pp.449-462. Basic Biotechnology.
  • Bu'lock, J., Kristiansen, B. (Editors), Academic Press. Diğer Mikrobiyal Polisakkaritler Ticari olarak önem taşıyan ksantan, kitin-kitosan, pullulan, gellan, dekstran, aljinat, curdlan, skleroglukan ve mannanın yanısıra farklı hücre dışı polisakkaritler de bulunmaktadır. Bu polimerlerden kısaca aşağıda bahsedilmiştir. Kranenburg, R., Boels, I. C., Kleerebezem, M., Vos, W. M., 1999.
  • Genetics and Engineering of Microbial Exopolysaccharides for Food: Approaches for the Production of Existing and Novel Polysaccharides. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 10: 498-504. Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., Casas, J. A., Gomez, E. 2000. Xanthan gum:production, recovery and properties. Biotechnology Advances 18 :549
  • Margaritis A., Zajic J:E. 1978. Biotechnology review: mixing mass
  • Asetan, yapısal olarak ksantan gama yakın bir polisakkarittir ve Acetobacter xylinum suşları tarafından üretilmektedir. Bu hücre dışı polisakkarit sirke üretiminde kullanılabilmektedir. transfer and scale-up of polysaccaride fermentations. BiotechnolBioeng :939-1001.
  • Kovacs P. 1973. Useful incompatibility of xanthan gum with galactomannans. Food Technol 27:26-30.
  • Tako, M., Asato, A., Nakamura, S., 1984. Rheological Aspects of the Intermolecular Interaction Properties of Galactomannans. Carbohydr. Res. : 275-294.
  • Sphinganlar, Sphingomonas adlı bir bakterinin suşlarından salgılanan kapsüler polisakkaritlerdir. Bu gruba giren gellan, wellan, rhamsan ve sphingan S-88 Dea I. C. M., Clark A. H., Mc Cleary B. V. 1986. Effect of galactose source on polysaccharide production by Auerobasidium pullulans in batch culture, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32:637-644. substitution patterns on the between xanthan and locust bean gum in aqueous media. Agric Biol Chem 12:2995-3000.
  • Seviour R.J., Stasinopoulos S.J., Auer D.P.F., Gibbs P.A. 1992.
  • Production of pullulan and other exopolysaccharides by filamentous fungi. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 12(3):279-29. Industrial gums. Whistler, R. L., BeMiller, J. N.,(Editors) New York, Academic Press. pp.341-398. Youssef F., Roukas T., Billiaderis C.G.1999. Pullulan production by a non-pigmented strain of Aurebasidium pullulans using batch and fed-batch culture. Process Biochemistry, 34:355-366. tara, and fenugreek gums. Industrial Gums. Whistler R.L., BeMiller J.N.
  • (Editors) . New York:Academic Press. pp. 205-213. Israilides C., Scanlon B., Smith A., Hardling S.E., Jumel K. 1994.
  • Casas J. A., Garcia-Ochoa F. 1999. Viscosity of solutions of xanthan
  • Characterisation of pullulans produced from agro-industrial wastes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 25:203-209. gum/locust bean gum mixtures. J. Sci Food Agric 79:25-31
  • Kennedy J.F., Bradshaw I.J. 1984. Production, properties and Israilides C., Smith A., Harthill J.E., Barnett C., Bambalow G., Scanlon B. applications of xanthan. Prog Ind Microbiol 19:319-371.
  • Pullulan content of the ethanol precipitate from fermented agro- industrial wastes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 49:613-617. Coia, K. A., and K. R. Stauffer. 1987. Shelf life study of oil/water emulsions using various commercial hydrocolloids. J. Food Sci. 52(1):166
  • Kang, K. S., and G. T. Colegrove, and G. T. Veeder (for Merck & Co., Inc.). 1982. U.S. Patent 4326052.
  • Tan S. C., Tan T. K., Wong S. M. and Khor E. 1996. The chitosan yield
  • Kang, K. S., and G. T. Veeder, and G. T. Colegrove (for Merck & Co., of zygomycetes at their opt. harvesting time., Carbohydrate Polymers :239-242. Inc.). 1983. U.S. Patent 4385123.
  • Baird, J. K., P. A. Sandford,and I. W. Cottrell. 1983. Industrial applications of new microbial polysaccharides. Bio/Technology 1(9):778-783.
  • White S. A., Farina P.R. and Fulton I.1979. Production and isolation of chitosan from Mucor rouxii. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 38:323-326.
  • Jansson, P. E., B. Lindberg, and P. A. Sandford. 1983. Structural studies
  • Crestini C., Kovac B. and Giovannazzi-Sermonni G. 1996. Production of gellan gum, and extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by Pseudomonas elodea. Carbohydr. Res. 124(1):135-139. and isolation of chitosan by submerged and solid-state fermentation from
  • Lentinus edodes. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 50:207-210
  • Sinskey, A., Jamas, S., Eason, D., Rha, C. 1986. Biopolymers and Modified Polysaccharides. Biotechnology in Food Processing. Harlender, S.
  • K., Theodore, P. L. (Editors), Noyes Publications, USA. pp.73-111. chitosan isolated from Mucor rouxii under different culture and processing conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 39:281-286
  • Skjak-Braek, G., O. Smidsrİd, and B. Larsen. 1986. Tailoring of alginates by enzymatic modification in vitro. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 8(6):330- treatments for chitosan extraction from fungi. Process Biochem. 28:115-118.
  • Shahidi F., Arachchi J. K. V., and Jean Y. J.1999. Food applications of
  • Lee, Y., 2002. Curdlan. In: Steinbüchel (ed.), Biopolymers, Vol.6: chitin and chitosans. Trends in Food Science and Technology 10:37-51.
  • Polysaccharides II, Weinheim. Wiley-VCH, pp. 135-149. Kumar M. N. V. R.2000. A review of chitin and chitosan applications.
  • Anon.2004.http://www.martin.chaplin.btinternet.co.uk/ hycurdlan.html
  • Harada, T. 1977. Production, Properties , and Application of Curdlan.
  • Anon.2004. http://france-chitine.com/chitosan.e.htm
  • Chi, Z. and Zhao, S., 2003. Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for pullulan production by anew pullulan producing yeast, Enzyme amd Microbial Biotechnology, 33:206-211.
  • Extracelular Microbial Polysaccharides. Sandford, P. A., Laskin, A. (Editors). pp..265-283. Washington, D. C., American Chemical Society. Sutherland, I. W. 1998. Novel and Established Applications of Microbial
  • Polysaccharides: a review. Tibtech. January 16. pp.41-46. Auer, D.P.F. and Seviour, R.J., 1990. Infulence of varying nitrogen ARALIK 2005

MICROBIAL POLYSACCHARIDES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN FOOD INDUSTRY

Yıl 2005, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5, 13 - 18, 01.10.2005

Öz

Mikrobiyal polisakkarit, gıda sanayi MICROBIAL POLYSACCHARIDES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN FOOD INDUSTRY Absract In the recent years, there has been intensive interest on the production of biomaterials by microorganisms from renewable resources. Among these are the polysaccharides secreted by microorganisms into the extracellular medium of the cells. These polysaccharides can be divided into homopolysaccharides constituted from one type of sugar and heterolplysaccharides containing different sugar units. They have unique rheological and film forming properties and are used in the food industry as viscosifiers, stabilisers, emulsifiers, gelling agents and as a coating material. This article is based on currently available literature information about microbial polysaccharides

Kaynakça

  • Baird, J. K., Pettitt, D. J.,1991. Biogums used in food and made by fermentation. pp.223-263. Biotechnology and Food Ingredients.Goldberg, I.
  • Williams, R. (Editors) New York. Anon.2004. TNO Nutrition and Food Research,Holland. www.voeding.tno.nl
  • Sutherland, I., 2002. A sticky business. Microbial Polysaccharides: current products and future trends. Microbiology Today 29 May.
  • Pace, G. W. 1987. Microbial gums.pp.449-462. Basic Biotechnology.
  • Bu'lock, J., Kristiansen, B. (Editors), Academic Press. Diğer Mikrobiyal Polisakkaritler Ticari olarak önem taşıyan ksantan, kitin-kitosan, pullulan, gellan, dekstran, aljinat, curdlan, skleroglukan ve mannanın yanısıra farklı hücre dışı polisakkaritler de bulunmaktadır. Bu polimerlerden kısaca aşağıda bahsedilmiştir. Kranenburg, R., Boels, I. C., Kleerebezem, M., Vos, W. M., 1999.
  • Genetics and Engineering of Microbial Exopolysaccharides for Food: Approaches for the Production of Existing and Novel Polysaccharides. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 10: 498-504. Garcia-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., Casas, J. A., Gomez, E. 2000. Xanthan gum:production, recovery and properties. Biotechnology Advances 18 :549
  • Margaritis A., Zajic J:E. 1978. Biotechnology review: mixing mass
  • Asetan, yapısal olarak ksantan gama yakın bir polisakkarittir ve Acetobacter xylinum suşları tarafından üretilmektedir. Bu hücre dışı polisakkarit sirke üretiminde kullanılabilmektedir. transfer and scale-up of polysaccaride fermentations. BiotechnolBioeng :939-1001.
  • Kovacs P. 1973. Useful incompatibility of xanthan gum with galactomannans. Food Technol 27:26-30.
  • Tako, M., Asato, A., Nakamura, S., 1984. Rheological Aspects of the Intermolecular Interaction Properties of Galactomannans. Carbohydr. Res. : 275-294.
  • Sphinganlar, Sphingomonas adlı bir bakterinin suşlarından salgılanan kapsüler polisakkaritlerdir. Bu gruba giren gellan, wellan, rhamsan ve sphingan S-88 Dea I. C. M., Clark A. H., Mc Cleary B. V. 1986. Effect of galactose source on polysaccharide production by Auerobasidium pullulans in batch culture, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 32:637-644. substitution patterns on the between xanthan and locust bean gum in aqueous media. Agric Biol Chem 12:2995-3000.
  • Seviour R.J., Stasinopoulos S.J., Auer D.P.F., Gibbs P.A. 1992.
  • Production of pullulan and other exopolysaccharides by filamentous fungi. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 12(3):279-29. Industrial gums. Whistler, R. L., BeMiller, J. N.,(Editors) New York, Academic Press. pp.341-398. Youssef F., Roukas T., Billiaderis C.G.1999. Pullulan production by a non-pigmented strain of Aurebasidium pullulans using batch and fed-batch culture. Process Biochemistry, 34:355-366. tara, and fenugreek gums. Industrial Gums. Whistler R.L., BeMiller J.N.
  • (Editors) . New York:Academic Press. pp. 205-213. Israilides C., Scanlon B., Smith A., Hardling S.E., Jumel K. 1994.
  • Casas J. A., Garcia-Ochoa F. 1999. Viscosity of solutions of xanthan
  • Characterisation of pullulans produced from agro-industrial wastes. Carbohydrate Polymers, 25:203-209. gum/locust bean gum mixtures. J. Sci Food Agric 79:25-31
  • Kennedy J.F., Bradshaw I.J. 1984. Production, properties and Israilides C., Smith A., Harthill J.E., Barnett C., Bambalow G., Scanlon B. applications of xanthan. Prog Ind Microbiol 19:319-371.
  • Pullulan content of the ethanol precipitate from fermented agro- industrial wastes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 49:613-617. Coia, K. A., and K. R. Stauffer. 1987. Shelf life study of oil/water emulsions using various commercial hydrocolloids. J. Food Sci. 52(1):166
  • Kang, K. S., and G. T. Colegrove, and G. T. Veeder (for Merck & Co., Inc.). 1982. U.S. Patent 4326052.
  • Tan S. C., Tan T. K., Wong S. M. and Khor E. 1996. The chitosan yield
  • Kang, K. S., and G. T. Veeder, and G. T. Colegrove (for Merck & Co., of zygomycetes at their opt. harvesting time., Carbohydrate Polymers :239-242. Inc.). 1983. U.S. Patent 4385123.
  • Baird, J. K., P. A. Sandford,and I. W. Cottrell. 1983. Industrial applications of new microbial polysaccharides. Bio/Technology 1(9):778-783.
  • White S. A., Farina P.R. and Fulton I.1979. Production and isolation of chitosan from Mucor rouxii. Appl. Env. Microbiol. 38:323-326.
  • Jansson, P. E., B. Lindberg, and P. A. Sandford. 1983. Structural studies
  • Crestini C., Kovac B. and Giovannazzi-Sermonni G. 1996. Production of gellan gum, and extracellular polysaccharide elaborated by Pseudomonas elodea. Carbohydr. Res. 124(1):135-139. and isolation of chitosan by submerged and solid-state fermentation from
  • Lentinus edodes. Biotechnol. Bioeng., 50:207-210
  • Sinskey, A., Jamas, S., Eason, D., Rha, C. 1986. Biopolymers and Modified Polysaccharides. Biotechnology in Food Processing. Harlender, S.
  • K., Theodore, P. L. (Editors), Noyes Publications, USA. pp.73-111. chitosan isolated from Mucor rouxii under different culture and processing conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 39:281-286
  • Skjak-Braek, G., O. Smidsrİd, and B. Larsen. 1986. Tailoring of alginates by enzymatic modification in vitro. Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 8(6):330- treatments for chitosan extraction from fungi. Process Biochem. 28:115-118.
  • Shahidi F., Arachchi J. K. V., and Jean Y. J.1999. Food applications of
  • Lee, Y., 2002. Curdlan. In: Steinbüchel (ed.), Biopolymers, Vol.6: chitin and chitosans. Trends in Food Science and Technology 10:37-51.
  • Polysaccharides II, Weinheim. Wiley-VCH, pp. 135-149. Kumar M. N. V. R.2000. A review of chitin and chitosan applications.
  • Anon.2004.http://www.martin.chaplin.btinternet.co.uk/ hycurdlan.html
  • Harada, T. 1977. Production, Properties , and Application of Curdlan.
  • Anon.2004. http://france-chitine.com/chitosan.e.htm
  • Chi, Z. and Zhao, S., 2003. Optimization of medium and cultivation conditions for pullulan production by anew pullulan producing yeast, Enzyme amd Microbial Biotechnology, 33:206-211.
  • Extracelular Microbial Polysaccharides. Sandford, P. A., Laskin, A. (Editors). pp..265-283. Washington, D. C., American Chemical Society. Sutherland, I. W. 1998. Novel and Established Applications of Microbial
  • Polysaccharides: a review. Tibtech. January 16. pp.41-46. Auer, D.P.F. and Seviour, R.J., 1990. Infulence of varying nitrogen ARALIK 2005
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Research Article
Yazarlar

Seval Dağbağlı Bu kişi benim

Yekta Göksungur Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Ekim 2005
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2005 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 5

Kaynak Göster

APA Dağbağlı, S., & Göksungur, Y. (2005). Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı. Akademik Gıda, 3(5), 13-18.
AMA Dağbağlı S, Göksungur Y. Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı. Akademik Gıda. Ekim 2005;3(5):13-18.
Chicago Dağbağlı, Seval, ve Yekta Göksungur. “Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler Ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı”. Akademik Gıda 3, sy. 5 (Ekim 2005): 13-18.
EndNote Dağbağlı S, Göksungur Y (01 Ekim 2005) Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı. Akademik Gıda 3 5 13–18.
IEEE S. Dağbağlı ve Y. Göksungur, “Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı”, Akademik Gıda, c. 3, sy. 5, ss. 13–18, 2005.
ISNAD Dağbağlı, Seval - Göksungur, Yekta. “Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler Ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı”. Akademik Gıda 3/5 (Ekim 2005), 13-18.
JAMA Dağbağlı S, Göksungur Y. Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı. Akademik Gıda. 2005;3:13–18.
MLA Dağbağlı, Seval ve Yekta Göksungur. “Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler Ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı”. Akademik Gıda, c. 3, sy. 5, 2005, ss. 13-18.
Vancouver Dağbağlı S, Göksungur Y. Mikrobiyal Yolla Üretilen Polisakkaritler ve Gıda Sanayinde Kullanımı. Akademik Gıda. 2005;3(5):13-8.

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