Soğuk Baskı Yöntemiyle Üretilmiş Greyfurt Çekirdek Yağındaki Acılığın Yıkama/Ekstraksiyon Teknikleriyle Giderilmesi

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 4, 404 - 413, 30.12.2021

Ayten Deviren Selçuk Ok Emin Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1050772

Öz

Bu çalışmada, soğuk baskı tekniğiyle üretilmiş greyfurt çekirdek yağının acılığının giderilmesi için kullanılan farklı ekstraksiyon ve yıkama teknikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Muamele edilen örneklerde bazı fiziko-kimyasal özellikler, yağ bileşenleri ve duyusal özellikler belirlenmiştir. Muameleler ile yağlarda serbest asitlik azalırken, peroksit sayısında bir miktar yükselme oluşmuştur. Muameleler sonucunda toplam doymamış yağ asitleri oranı, tokoferol miktarı ve fitosterol konsantrasyonları önemli oranda düşüşler göstermiştir (p<0.05). Besin değeri yüksek olan bu minör bileşenlerin çözgen fazına geçtiği değerlendirilmiştir. Oldukça acı tada sahip olan narinjin, kontrol örneğinde 102.6 mg/kg iken, kostik yıkama ile 74.8 mg/kg ve etanolle ekstraksiyon ile 32.3 mg/kg seviyelerine düşürülmüştür. Benzer şekilde acı olan neohesperidin ise iki muamele ile tamamen yağdan uzaklaştırılmıştır. Duyusal analizler kontrol örneğinde ölçülen 9.8 acılık skorunun kostik yıkama ile 5.4 ve etanolle ekstraksiyon ile 2.6’ya kadar düşürüldüğünü ortaya koymuştur. Benzer şekilde muameleler ile çiğ sebze, burukluk, mentol ve gırtlak yakıcılık skorları da düşürülmüştür. Sonuç olarak yağın acılığını gidermede etanolle ekstraksiyon tekniğinin başarılı sonuç verdiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Greyfurt çekirdeği, Soğuk baskı, Yağ, Acılık giderme, Flavonoid

Debittering of Cold Pressed Grapefruit Seed Oil by Washing/Extraction Techniques

Öz

In this study, different extraction and washing techniques used to remove the bitterness of grapefruit seed oil produced by cold pressing technique were compared. Some physico-chemical properties, oil components and sensory properties of the treated samples were determined. While the free fatty acidities of oils decreased with the treatments, there was a slight increase in the peroxide values of oils. As a result of the treatments, the ratio of total unsaturated fatty acids, tocopherol, and phytosterol concentrations decreased significantly (p<0.05). It is thought that these minor components, which have high nutritional value, leaked into the solvent phase. Naringin, which has a very bitter taste, was measured as 102.6 mg/kg in the control sample and reduced to 74.8 mg/kg by caustic washing and 32.3 mg/kg by extraction with ethanol. Similarly, neohesperidin, which has also a bitter taste, was completely removed from oils by these two treatments. Sensory score of bitterness was determined as 9.8 in the control sample, and it was reduced to 5.4 with caustic washing, and 2.6 with ethanol extraction. Similarly, raw vegetables, astringency, menthol and throat burning scores were also reduced with treatments. As a result, it was observed that the ethanol extraction technique was successful in removing the bitterness of oils.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Grapefruit seed, Cold press, Oil, Bitterness removal, Flavonoid, Grapefruit seed, Cold press, Oil, Bitterness removal, Flavonoid

Kaynakça

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