Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Doğal Olarak Yetişen İğde (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Çeşitlerinin Antioksidan Aktivitesi, Fiziko-Kimyasal Özellikleri ve Yağ Asidi Kompozisyonu

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 4, 329 - 335, 27.12.2022

Rabia Fakı Hale Seçilmiş Canbay Oğuz Gürsoy Yusuf Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1224295

Öz

Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Elaeagnaceae (İğdegiller) familyasından meyveleri iştah açıcı olarak tüketilen bir bitkidir. Elaeagnus meyvesinin mezokarp dokusu ağırlıklı olarak karbonhidrat içerirken, endokarp (çekirdek) kısmı lipidler bakımından zengindir. Bu çalışmada, Batı Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde doğal olarak yetişen dört farklı Elaeagnus angustifolia çeşidinin endokarp dokularının yağ asidi kompozisyonu ve nitrojen içeriği ile bunların mezokarp ve ekzokarp dokularının toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri ile antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Elaeagnus meyvelerinin endokarp dokularının ham yağ içeriği %24.45 ile 30.13 arasında değişmiş ve en yüksek azot içeriği (%0.205) Yerli çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Endokarp doku lipidlerindeki baskın yağ asidi linoleik asit olarak belirlenmiş (yaklaşık %48) ve bu dokudaki tekli ve çoklu doymamış yağ asitlerinin içeriğinin yaklaşık %90 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mezokarp ve ekzokarp dokularının toplam fenolik ve flavonoid içeriklerinde ve antioksidan aktivitelerinde çeşit farklılıklar belirlenmiştir. Şeker çeşidinin mezokarp dokuları en yüksek toplam fenolik içerik (161.9 mg GAE/100 g kuru madde (km)) ve antioksidan aktiviteye (118.3 µmol Trolox® eşdeğeri (TE) g km) sahipken, en yüksek toplam flavonoid içeriği (216.5 mg kateşin eşdeğeri (CE)/100 g km) Yerli çeşidi ekzokarp dokusunda tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, endokarp doku lipitlerinin gıda, yem ve kozmetik endüstrisinde iyi bir çoklu doymamış yağ asitleri kaynağı olabileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioksidan aktivite, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Yağ asidi bileşimi, Flavonoid

Antioxidant Activity, Physico-Chemical and Fatty Acid Composition of Oleaster (Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) Varieties Naturally Grown in Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey

Öz

Elaeagnus angustifolia L. belongs to the family of Elaeagnaceae, and its fruits are consumed as an appetizer. Mesocarp tissue of Elaeagnus fruits contains mainly carbohydrates while endocarp part (kernel) is rich in lipids. In this study, fatty acid profiles and nitrogen contents of the endocarp tissues of four different Elaeagnus angustifolia varieties naturally grown in the Western Mediterranean Region of Turkey were determined as well as the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of their mesocarp and exocarp tissues. The crude fat content of endocarp tissues of Elaeagnus fruits ranged from 24.45 to 30.13%, and the highest nitrogen content (0.205%) was in the Native variety. The dominant fatty acid in endocarp tissue lipids was linoleic acid (ca. 48%), and the content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids in this tissue was about 90%. Varietal differences were found in the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of mesocarp and exocarp tissues. The mesocarp tissues of Sugar variety had the highest total phenolic content (161.9 mg GAE 100/g dry matter (dm)) and antioxidant activity (118.3 µmol Trolox® equivalent (TE) g dm) while the highest total flavonoid content (216.5 mg catechin equivalent (CE) 100 g dm) was in the exocarp tissue of Native variety. Results indicated that endocarp tissue lipids can be a good source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for human consumption in food, feed and cosmetics industries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Antioxidant activity, Elaeagnus angustifolia L., Fatty acid composition, Flavonoid

Kaynakça

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