Effect of Processing Type and Storage Time on Some Pesticide Residues in Strawberries

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 1, 1 - 12, 30.03.2023

Nuran Yiğit Yakup Sedat Velioğlu

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1273933

Cited By: 2

Öz

In this study, 9 active substances that could be analysed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS) were used. Changes in these pesticide residues were determined after strawberries were washed, pasteurized, stored in cold and washed on different days. In addition, strawberry puree was stored at -18±2ºC and pasteurized puree was stored at different temperatures. The highest and lowest processing factors in the pasteurization process were determined in tebufenpyrad (Pf:1.20) and tetraconazole (Pf:0.81), respectively. During cold storage, kresoxim-methyl degradation was found statistically significant (p<0.05). At the end of cold storage, penconazole was below the quantification limit while pyrimethanil and tebufenpyrad did not change; however, azoxystrobin, boscalid, tetraconazole and kresoxim-methyl residues decreased by 3.8, 10.9, 25.0 and 36.4%, respectively. Washing process did not reduce tebufenpyrad residues. On the other hand, reduction rates were 3.8, 4.2, 4.5 and 9.1% for azoxystrobin, pyrimethanil, bupirimate and kresoxim-methyl, respectively while they were 10.9% for boscalid and 16.7% for tetraconazole. During long-term storage, the highest and the fastest decrease in pesticide residues was observed at 20±2ºC, and this decrease slowed down with the effect of pasteurization. Pesticide degradation rates at the end of one-year storage period in the samples stored at -18±2 ºC following pasteurization were 20, 23, 26, 27, 37 and 41% for tetraconazole, pyrimethanil, azoxystrobin, kresoxim-methyl, boscalid and bupirimate, respectively. As a result, it was found that pesticide degradation was dependent upon the chemical nature of pesticides, initial concentration, agricultural commodity, processing and storage conditions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Strawberry, Pesticide Residue, Processing, Storage, Washing

Destekleyen Kurum

Ankara University

Proje Numarası

BAP/16H0443004

Teşekkür

This work is a part of N. Yigit’s Ph.D. thesis. The authors thankfully acknowledge the financial support from Ankara University (Project No: BAP/16H0443004). The authors also thank to Ankara Plant Protection Central Research Institute for allowing us to use the pesticide residue laboratories and plant protection machinery laboratory and to Dr. Hasan Hüseyin Gül (Giresun University, Giresun, Türkiye) for the kind help and guidance on statistical evaluation of data.

Çileklerdeki Bazı Pestisit Kalıntıları Üzerine İşleme Türü ve Depolama Süresinin Etkisi

Öz

Bu çalışmada Gaz Kromatografisi-Kütle Spektrometresi (GC/MS) ile analiz edilebilen 9 aktif madde kullanılmıştır. Çileklerin yıkanması, pastörize edilmesi, soğukta muhafaza edilmesi ve farklı günler yapılan yıkama işlemi sonrasında kalıntı değişimleri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca çilek püresi -18±2ºC’de, pastörize püre ise farklı sıcaklıklarda muhafaza edilmiştir. Pastörizasyon işleminde en yüksek ve en düşük işleme faktörü sırasıyla tebufenpirad (Pf:1.20) ve tetrakonazol (Pf:0.81) için hesaplanmıştır. Soğuk muhafaza esnasında kresoksim-metil degradasyonu istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (p<0.05). Soğuk muhafaza işlemi sonunda penkonazol hesaplama limitinin altına düşmüştür. Pirimetanil ve tebufenpirad miktarlarında değişme olmamıştır. Azoksistrobin, boskalid, tetrakonazol ve kresoksim-metil kalıntılarının sırasıyla %3.8, 10.9, 25.0 ve 36.4 azaldığı belirlenmiştir. İlaçlı çileklerin yıkanması ile tebufenpirad kalıntılarında azalma olmamıştır ancak azoksistrobin %3.8, pirimetanil %4.2, bupirimat %4.5, kresoksim-metil %9.1, boskalid %10.9 ve tetrakonazol kalıntıları %16.7 oranında azalmıştır. Uzun süreli muhafazada pestisit kalıntılarında en çok ve en hızlı azalmanın 20±2ºC’de olduğu ve pastörizasyon işleminin etkisiyle bu azalmanın yavaşladığı belirlenmiştir. Pastörizasyon işleminden sonra -18±2ºC’de muhafaza edilen örneklerdeki pestisit degradasyonu bir yılın sonunda tetrakonazol %20, pirimetanil %23, azoksistrobin %26, kresoksim-metil %27, boskalid %37 ve bupirimat %41 olarak belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak degradasyonun pestisitin kimyasal özelliklerine, başlangıç konsantrasyonuna, tarımsal ürüne, yapılan işleme ve muhafaza koşullarına bağlı olarak değiştiği belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çilek, Pestisit Kalıntısı, İşleme, Depolama, Yıkama

Proje Numarası

BAP/16H0443004

Kaynakça

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