Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Contamination Levels in Some Commercial Olive Oils Sold on the Markets in Giresun, Türkiye

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 22 Sayı: 2, 86 - 95, 04.09.2024

Onur Basançelebi

https://doi.org/10.24323/akademik-gida.1542570

Öz

Olive oil is widely consumed worldwide and well-known for its health beneficial effects. However, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination in olive oils has been a serious concern and knowledge regarding PAH concentrations in olive oils is scarce. The aim of this study was the determination and evaluation of PAH contamination levels in olive oils in the market. In this study, commercial olive oils (n=14) available in the markets of Giresun (Türkiye), including extra virgin and riviera olive oil samples, were investigated. Samples were analyzed by a gas chromatography unit coupled with a mass spectrometer. Significant amounts of PAHs were determined in all olive oil samples. The PAH contents of the samples varied between 0.04 µg kg-1 and 4637.13 µg kg-1 with the mean content of 264.61 µg kg-1. Regarding benzo[a]pyrene, 64.28% of the samples was incompatible with the EU requirements. None of the samples were compatible with the EU requirements in terms of PAH4 components (benzo[a]pyrene, benzo(a)anthracene, chrysene, and benzo[b]fluoranthene). Results showed that commercial olive oils studied in this research might contain PAHs categorized under potential carcinogens.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), Olive oil, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), Benzo[a]pyrene, PAH4

Giresun’da Satılan Bazı Ticari Zeytinyağlarının Polisiklik Aromatik Hidrokarbon (PAH) Kontaminasyon Düzeyleri

Öz

Zeytinyağı dünya çapında yaygın olarak tüketilmektedir ve sağlığa yararları ile bilinmektedir. Ancak zeytinyağındaki polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbon (PAH) kontaminasyonu ciddi bir endişe kaynağıdır ve bu yağların PAH konsantrasyonlarına ilişkin bilgi azdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, piyasada bulunan zeytinyağlarındaki PAH kontaminasyon düzeylerinin belirlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesidir. Bu çalışmada Giresun ili marketlerinden rastgele seçilen sızma zeytinyağı ve riviera zeytinyağı örnekleri (n=14) incelenmiştir. Numuneler, kütle spektrometresi ile birleştirilmiş gaz kromatografisi ünitesi ile belirlenmiştir. Yağ örneklerinin tamamında önemli miktarda PAH kalıntısı tespit edilmiştir. PAH tespit edilen örneklerde PAH miktarları 0.04 µg kg-1 ile 4637.13 µg kg-1 (ortalama 264.61 µg kg-1) arasında değişmektedir. Benzo[a]piren ile ilgili olarak numunelerin %64.28'i AB gereklilikleriyle uyumlu çıkmamıştır. Zeytinyağı örneklerinin hiçbiri PAH4 bileşenleri (benzo[a]piren, benzo(a)antrasen, krizen ve benzo[b]floranten) açısından AB gerekliliklerine uygun çıkmamıştır. Sonuçlar, bu araştırmada incelenen ticari zeytinyağlarının potansiyel kanserojenler kategorisinde yer alan PAH'ları içerebileceğini göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresi (GC-MS), Zeytinyağı, Polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH, Benzo[a]piren, PAH4

Kaynakça

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