ETİYOPYA VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER: SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASI DÖNEMİ ETHİO-TÜRK İLİŞKİSİ BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 3, 83 - 98, 09.04.2015

Muzeyın Sebsebe

Öz

Etiyopya’nın dış politika ve son birkaç on yıllık stratejisi ‘Batı-merkezli’ ve son
derece menkulleştirilmiş yaklaşımlar ile karakterize edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda devlet dışı
aktörlerin katılımını marjinal bir devlet durumuna ilişki hakim oldu. 1980’lerin sonlarında Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyeti’nin eski Birliği’nin çöküşü ve Soğuk Savaş döneminin ardından son Etiyopya politik ekonomisinde önemli bir dönüşüme yol açtı. 1991
yılında, büyük ölçüde etnik ve bölgesel temelli gerilla grupları güç askeri kaldırıldı ve
geç Etiyopya Halkın Devrimci Demokratik Cephesi (EPRDF) kurdu. Öncekilerden farklı
olarak, Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemi Etiyopya’nın dış politika ve strateji ortakları çeşitlendirmeye yanı sıra nişan alan için çaba ile karakterize edilmiştir. Yaygın yerel siyasetin
demokratikleşmesi sürecini destekleyen ve stratejik ticaret müzakereleri, yardım ve doğrudan yabancı yatırım yoluyla ekonomik kısıtlamalar ele, EPRDF dış politika ve strateji
belgesinin gerekçesinde görüldüğü üzere öncelikli alanlar olarak vurgulanır. Ayrıca, Çin,
Hindistan, Türkiye, Brezilya, Malezya ve Körfez ülkeleri gibi Batılı olmayan güçler Soğuk Savaş sonrası dönemde Etiyopya ana dış ilişki ortak oldu. Angajman bu yeni formu,
‘Güney-Güney işbirliği’ çerçeve çalışması kapsamında, koşulluluk dayanmaz iki yönlü
veya eşit ortağı ilişkisi ile karakterizedir. Diğer Batılı olmayan güçler, Türkiye’nin sosyo-kültürel ve tarihsel derinliği ile karşılaştırıldığında, özel çaba pratik Etiyopya ekonomik kalkınma ve yoksulluğun azaltılması çabalarına yardımcı olmak için Afrika ve taahhütlerini sorunlu Etiyopya bölgesinde ve Afrika Boyunuzu barış ve istikrarı korumak için
onu bir tercih dış politika ortağı yapmaktadır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dış Politika, Yükselen Güçler, Etiyopya, Türkiye

ETHIOPIA AND THE RISING POWERS: A CASE STUDY ON THE POST-COLD WAR ERA ETHIO-TURKISH RELATION / ETİYOPYA VE YÜKSELEN GÜÇLER: SOĞUK SAVAŞ SONRASI DÖNEMİ ETHİO-TÜRK İLİŞKİSİ BİR VAKA ÇALIŞMASI

Öz

Ethiopia’s foreign policy and strategy of the past several decades was characterized by ‘western-centric’ and highly securitized approaches. It was also dominated by a state to state relationship that marginalized the participation of non-state actors. The collapse of the former USSR in the late 1980s and the subsequent end of the Cold War era led to a significant transformation in the political economy of Ethiopia. In 1991 the largely ethnic and regional based guerrilla groups removed the military from power and established the late Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF). Unlike its predecessors, the post-Cold War era Ethiopia’s foreign policy and strategy has been characterized by the effort to diversify its partners as well as area of engagement. As it is widely observed in the rationale of the EPRDF’s foreign policy and strategy document, supporting the democratization process of the local politics and addressing economic constraints through strategic trade negotiations, aid and foreign direct investment are highlighted as priority areas. Furthermore, non-western powers such as China, India, Turkey, Brazil, Malaysia and the oil reach Gulf States became the main external relation partners of Ethiopia in the post-Cold War period. This new form of engagement, under the frame work of the ‘South-South cooperation’, is characterized by a two-way or equal partner relationship that doesn’t rely on conditionality. As compared to the other non-western powers, Turkey’s socio-cultural and historical depth, its special effort to maintain peace and stability in the troubled Ethiopian region and Horn of Africa and its commitments to practically assist the economic development and poverty reduction efforts of Ethiopia make her a preferred foreign policy partner

Anahtar Kelimeler

Foreign Policy, Rising Powers, Ethiopia, Turkey

Kaynakça

• ABIR, Mordechai Ethiopia and the Red Sea. Frank cass and company limited, 2006.
• ALDEN, Chris and ARAN, Ammon. Foreign Policy Analysis New Approaches. Routledge, New York, 2012.
• ARAŞ, Bülent. Davutoğlu’s era in Turkish Foreign Policy. SETA Policy Brief, 2009. ‘Assessing Turkey’s Role in Somalia’ International Crisis Group, 8 Oct. 2012, http://www.crisisgroup.org/en/publication-type/media-releases/2012/africa/somalia-assessing.pdf, (Access date: 08.10.2012)
• ZEWDE, Bahru. A History of Modern Ethiopia: 1855-1974. Addis Ababa University Press, Addis Ababa: 1991.
• CHERU, Fantu and OBI, Cyril. Africa in the Twenty-First Century: Strategic and Development Challenges. in Fantu Cheru and Cyril Obi (ed.) The Rise of China and India in Africa: Challenges, Opportunities and Critical Interventions, (Zed Books, London, 2012)
• DAVUTOĞLU, Ahmet. Principles of Turkish Foreign Policy and Regional Security. Turkey Policy Brief Series, 2012.
• FDRE Foreign Affairs and National Security Policy and Strategy. Ministry of Information Press and Audiovisual Department, Addis Ababa, 2002.
• JALATA, Assefa. Imperfections of U.S. foreign policy toward Oromia and Ethiopia: Will the Obama Administration Introduce Change. The Journal of Pan African Studies, vol.4 no.3, 2011.
• KAARBO, J., S.LANTIS J. and K. BEASLEY, Ryan The analysis of Foreign Policy in Comparative Perspective. CQ press, 2012.
• LOCKOT,H.Wilhelm The Mission: The Life, Reign and Character of Haile Selassie I. Hurst&Company, London,1989.
• MANTZİKOS, I. U.S foreign Policy Making Toward Ethiopia and Somalia (1974-1980), African Journal of Political Science and International Relations Vol. 4, No.6, June 2010.
• MARCUS, Harold A History of Ethiopia. University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1994.
• MARKAKİS, John. Ethiopia: Anatomy of a Traditional Policy. Berhanena Salam Printing Press. Addis Ababa, 1974.
• ORAKCİ, Serhat; SHİNN, David H. Turkey and the Horn of Africa: Emerging Interests and Relations. Chatham House, 2012.
• SCHRAEDER,Peter J. the Horn of Africa: U.S Foreign Policy in an Altered Cold War Environment. Middle East Journal, vol.46 No.4, Autumn 1992.
• SHİNN, David H. Emerging Powers in Africa, http://davidshinn.blogspot.com emerging powers-in-africa.html, (Access Date 09.09.2012)
• SHİNN, David H. Turkey and the Horn of Africa: Emerging Interests and Relations. Chatham House,London, 2012.
• Turkey in Africa: the Implementation of the Action plan and an evaluation after fifteen years, ORSAM Report, July 2012.
• Turkey, Ethiopia to sign FTA, eyes $20 bln exports to Africa,” Today’s Zaman, 11 March 2011, http://www.todayszaman.com/news-237852-turkey-ethiopia-to-sign-fta-eyes-20-bln-exports-to-africa.html, (Access Date: 11.03.2011)
• Turkish firm proposes huge industrial zone in Ethiopia, August 2009, http://nazret.com/blog/index.phpturkish_firm_proposes_huge_industrial_zo, (Access Date: 25.08.2009).