Avrupa Birliği’nde Politik Kimliğin Oluşumu: Yapısalcı Yaklaşım

Yıl 2014, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 47 - 71, 11.07.2014

E. Sare Aydın Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.17550/aid.23481

Cited By: 1

Öz

Avrupa Birliği, global politika da önemli bir ekonomik ve siyasi figürdür ve
kendine özgü yapısı hem rasyonel yaklaşımlar hem de entegrasyon kuramcıları
tarafından analiz edilmektedir. Rasyonel maddeci ontolojiye karşılık,
sosyal konstrüktivist (inşaacı) okumaları incelediğimizde, Avrupa Birliği,
bir aktör olarak kendi konumunu besleyici ve güçlendirici çok sayı da tedrici
ilerlemeler kaydetmiştir, bilhassa, Lizbon Antlaşması Avrupa Birliği’nin
siyasi kimliğine vurgu yapmaktadır. Gelişmeye yönelik bu adımlar, geleneksel
maddeci yönelimli yaklaşımlardan ziyade, daha çok sivil kavramlar üzerine
atılmıştır. Bu sivil zemin, siyasi kimliği canlandırarak, Avrupa Birliği
antlaşmalarıyla ve diğer yasal yollarla güçlendirilmiştir. Sonuç itibariyle,
bu çabalar Avrupa Birliğinin siyasi kimliğini hazırlamıştır, üstelik, Avrupa
Birliği, temel özgürlükler, demokrasi ve hukukun üstünlüğü olan bu siyasi
kimlik bileşenlerini diğer ülkelere ihraç etmeye başlamıştır. Bu alıcı ülkelerin,
genellikle Avrupa Birliğine bazı tarihsel veya kültürel bağlılıkları
vardır. Bundan dolayı, bu araştırma, hangi entegrasyon kuramının Avrupa
Birliği’nin siyasi kimlik düzenine ve onun temsiliyetine en iyi şekilde cevap
vereceğini incelemeye çalışacaktır. Bu makale, önce 1993’teki Kopenag
Konseyi, ardından Lizbon Antlaşması’nın Avrupa Birliğinin imajı için roloynadığını,
hukuki açıdan, siyasi adımların Avrupa Birliği’ne bir siyasi kimlik
verdiğini tartışmaktadır. Siyasi kimlik üzerindeki bu fikir birliği, uluslararası
sahnedeki aktör profilini pekiştirmiştir. Ekonomi kentegrasyon, bu şekillendirilmeye
çalışılan Avrupa Birliği siyasi kimliğin daimi ve güçlü bir parçası
haline gelmesine rağmen, son yıllarda Avrupa Birliği Eurozone (Euro bölgesi)
ekonomik krizlerle karşı karşıya kalmıştır. Bu bağlamda, bir araç olarak
sosyal ilişkilerden faydalanan ve sosyal ontolojiye referans veren sosyal
konstrüktivist (inşaacı) bir yaklaşım, özellikle Avrupa Birliği’nin yasal statü
kazanmasının ardından, Avrupa Birliği siyasi kimliğine ve yapısına aracılık
edecek en iyi yaklaşım olarak görünmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Avrupa Birliği Bütünleşmesi, Sosyal İnşaccı Yaklaşım, Avrupa Siyasi Kimliği

Political Identity Building in the EU: A Constructivist Approach

Öz

The EU is an important economic and political figure in global politics and its sui generis presence has been analyzed both from a rationalist approach and by integration theorists. Despite the rationalist material ontology, when we examine the social constructivist reading, the EU has achieved many gradual improvements that foster and strengthen its position as an actor; in particular, the Treaty of Lisbon has emphasized the political identity of the EU. These developmental steps have mostly been constructed on civilian concepts rather than traditional material oriented approaches. This civilian ground has been reinforced by EU treaties and other forms of legislation, giving flesh and bones to the political identity. As a consequence, these efforts have formulated the political identity of the EU; moreover, the EU has begun to export these political identity components, which are fundamental freedoms and the rule of law and democracy, towards other countries. The addressee states generally have some historical or cultural bonds to the EU. Therefore, this research will try to examine which integration theory best answers the EU’s political identity setting and its representation. This paper argues that first the Copenhagen Council in 1993 and then the Treaty of Lisbon have acted as starting points for EU’s self-image; in legal terms, these political steps have given the EU a stable political identity. This consensus in political identity has consolidated the actor profile on the international stage. When considering this progress from a theoretical perspective, traditional integration theories fail to comprehend and clarify this formative process, as they are immersed in the early economic integration process. Interestingly, although this shaped political identity became a robust and constant part of the EU, in recent years the EU has come face to face with the Eurozone Yrd. Doç. Dr., İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, Ticari Bilimler Fakültesi, Uluslararası İlişkiler Bölümü, [e-mail] makale iThenticate sistemi tarafından taranmıştır.economic crisis. In this context, a social constructivist approach, which makes use of social relations as a tool and references social ontology, seems the best approach to intervene the EU political identity and its presence, particularly after the EU gained legal status.

Anahtar Kelimeler

European Union Integration, Social Constructivism, European Political Identity

Kaynakça

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