Araştırma Makalesi
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KENTSEL İKLİM YÖNETİŞİM KAPASİTESİNİN DEĞERLENDİRMESİ: TÜRKİYE BÜYÜKŞEHİR BELEDİYELER ÖRNEĞİ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 299 - 338, 31.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.529361

Öz

Düşük karbonlu
topluma ulaşmak için gerekli emisyon kontrol ve azaltım girişimleri yerel,
ulusal ve uluslararası düzeyde dikey ve yatay olarak kamu ve kamu dışı
otoriteler arasında işbirliği ve kapasite oluşturmayı gerektirmektedir. Özellikle,
iklim değişikliği konusunda yerel düzeyde alınan önlemler önem arz etmektedir.
Bu amaçla makale, Türkiye’deki büyükşehir belediyelerinin kendi kendini
yönetme (self-governance), tedarik (provision), etkinleştirme (enabling) ve düzenleme (regulation) dahil olmak üzere yönetişim biçimleri
çerçevesinde yerel iklim koruma girişimlerini incelemektedir. Yerel iklim
koruma eylemlerinin başarı düzeyini belirlemek amacıyla belediyelerin yıllık
faaliyet raporları ve stratejik planları için azaltma (mitigation) ve
adaptasyon (uyum) dahil olmak üzere farklı kentsel politika sektörleri ile
içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. Çalışma, Türkiye büyükşehir belediyelerindeki yerel
iklim değişikliği azaltma faaliyetlerinin sıkılıkla kentsel altyapı ve ulaşım
sektörlerinde tedarik biçimi ile gerçekleştirildiği sonucuna varmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Alber, G. and Kern, K. (2008). Governing climate change in cities: modes of urban climate governance in multi-level systems. Sustainable energy, and climate policy. Competitive Cities and Climate Change OECD Conference Proceedings, Milan, Italy.
  • Anand, P. and Kallidaikurichi S. (2011). Climate change and living cities: global problems with a local solution. Climate change and sustainable urban development in Africa and Asia, (ed.) Yuen, B., and Kumssa, A. 21–35. New York: Springer.
  • Balaban, O. and Balaban, M. Ş. (2015). Adaptation to climate change: barriers in the Turkish local context. TEMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility, and Environment, 7-22.
  • Betsill, M. M. (2001). Mitigating climate change in US cities: opportunities and obstacles. Local Environment. 6, pp.393-406.
  • Betsill, M. M., and Bulkeley, H. (2006). Cities and the multilevel governance of global climate change. Global Governance. A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12(2), 141-159.
  • Betsill M. M. and Bulkeley H. (2007). Looking back and thinking ahead: a decade of cities and climate change research. Local Environment, 12:5, 447-456, DOI: 10.1080/13549830701659683
  • Broto, V., C., and Bulkeley, H. (2012). A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities. Global Environmental Change, 23 (2013),pp. 92–102
  • Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M.M. (2003). Cities and Climate Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance, Routledge, London, ISBN 0-203-27441-5.
  • Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M. M. (2013). Revisiting the urban politics of climate change. Environmental Politics, 22:1, pp.136-154, doi: 10.1080/09644016.2013.755797
  • Bulkeley, H., and Kern, K. (2006). Local government and the governing of climate change in Germany and the UK. Urban Studies, 43(12), 2237-2259.
  • Bulkeley H., Schroeder H., Janda K., Zhao J., and Armstrong A. (2009). Cities and climate change: the role of institutions, governance, and urban planning. Presented at 5th Urban Res. Symp. 2009: Cities Climate Change: Responding to Urgent Agenda, Marseille.
  • Bulkeley, H. (2010). Cities and the governing of climate change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35, pp. 229–253.
  • Burton, D. and Dredge, D. (2007). Framing climate: implications for local government policy response capacity. In Proceedings of the State of Australian Cities National Conference United Nations Population Fund, 2007:90.
  • Brundtland Commission (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, United Nation.
  • Coenen, F., and Menkveld, M. (2002). The role of local authorities in a transition towards a climate-neutral society. Global warming and social innovation. The challenge of a climate-neutral society, 107-126.
  • Collier, U. (1997). Local authorities and climate protection in the European Union: Putting subsidiarity into practice? Local Environment, pp. 39-56
  • Collier, U. and Lofstedt, R. (1997). Think globally, act locally. Global Environmental Change,7 (1). pp. 25-40.
  • Corfee-Morlot, J., Kamal-Chaoui L., Donovan MG., Cochran I, Robert, A. and Teasdale, P., J. (2009). Cities, climate change, and multilevel governance. OECD Environmental Working Papers, 14, 2009, OECD Publishing.
  • Czakó, V. 2011. Multilevel governance of climate change action: a comparative case-study of front-runner cities in the UK and Hungary (Doctoral Dissertation, Doctoral thesis, Budapest).
  • De Oliveira, J. A. P. (2009). The implementation of climate change related policies at the subnational level: An analysis of three countries. Habitat International, 33(3), 253-259.
  • Demir, C., Yılmaz, M. K,. (2010). Stratejik Planlama Süreci ve Örgütler Açısından Önemi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25 (1), pp. 69-88.
  • Demirci, M. (2015). Kentsel iklim değişikliği yönetişimi. Erciyes Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, No;46, pp. 75-100.
  • Dodman, D. (2009). Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Environment and Urbanization, 21(1), pp.185-201.
  • Fröhlich J. and Knieling, J. (2013). Conceptualizing Climate Change Governance, in Climate Change Governance. Series: Climate Change Management. Knieling, Jörg, Leal Filho, Walter (Eds.) 2013, VIII, 320 p. Springer.
  • Gedikli, B., & Balaban, O. (2017). An evaluation of local policies and actions that address climate change in Turkish metropolitan cities. European Planning Studies, 1-22.Granberg, M. & Elander, I. (2007). Local governance and climate change: reflections on the Swedish experience. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 12:5, 537-548, DOI: 10.1080/13549830701656911.
  • Gupta, J. (2007). The multi-level governance challenge of climate change. Environmental Sciences, 4:3, 131-137, Doi: 10.1080/15693430701742669. Gürer, H. (2006). Stratejik planlamanın temelleri ve Türk kamu yönetiminde uygulanmasına yönelik öneriler. Sayıştay Dergisi, (63), pp. 91-105.
  • Gustavsson, E. Elander, I., and Lundmark, M. (2009). Multilevel governance, networking cities, and the geography of climate change mitigation: two Swedish examples. Environment, and Planning C: Government and Policy, Volume 27, pp.59 -74, doi:10.1068/c07109j.
  • Hoekstra, A. Y., Buurman, J., & van Ginkel, K. C. (2018). Urban water security: A review. Environmental Research Letters, 13(5), 053002.
  • Holgate, C. (2007). Factors and actors in climate change mitigation: a tale of two South African cities. Local Environment,12(5), PP.471-484.
  • IPCC (2013). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis. The contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Jiang, Y., Hou, L., Shi, T., and Gui, Q. (2017). A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change. Sustainability, 9(12), 2224.
  • Karabag, F., S. (2011). Climate change management approaches of cities: a comparative study between globally leading and Turkish cities. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 4(1), pp.113-141.
  • Koop SHA and Van Leeuwen CJ . (2017). The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 19: 385-418. DOI 10.1007/s10668-016-9760-4
  • Krause, R., M. (2011). An assessment of the greenhouse gas reducing activities being implemented in US cities. Local Environment, The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 16:2, 193-211, DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2011.562491.
  • Local Government Climate Roadmap Secretariat- LGCRS (2006-a). COP 8: Meeting of Municipal Leaders, 26-27 October 2002, New Delhi, India.
  • Loftus, A. C., Anton, B., & Philip, R. (2011). Adapting urban water systems to climate change: a handbook for decision makers at the local level. Adapting urban water systems to climate change: a handbook for decision makers at the local level.
  • Meadowcroft, J. (2009). Climate change governance. Background paper for the 2010 World Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Economics, World Development Report Team.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD (2015a). Cities and Climate Change, OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264091375-en.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD (2015b). Water and cities: ensuring sustainable futures, OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264230149-en.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD (2018).: implementing the OECD principles on water governance. Indicator Framework and Evolving Practices. Paris http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264292659-en.
  • Orhan, G. (2014). Türkiye'de Yerel Yönetimler ve Çevre, Küresel Sorunlar, Yerel Çözümler ve Yeniden Merkezileşme Tartışmaları, Ezgi Kitapevi. Bursa, 173.
  • Pohlmann, A. (2011). Local climate change governance. Global Transformations towards a low carbon society, working paper series, University of Hamburg, Germany.
  • Rayner, S. and Malone, E. L. (1997). “Zen and the art of climate maintenance”. Nature, 390, pp. 332–334.
  • Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Hammer, S., A., Mehrotra, S., eds. (2011). Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change
  • Research Network. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 312 pp.
  • Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Romero-Lankao, P., Mehrotra, S., Dhakal, S., Bowman, T., & Ibrahim, S. A. (2015). ARC3. 2 Summary for City Leaders Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network.
  • Şahin, Ü. (2014). Türkiye’nin iklim politikalarında aktör haritası. İstanbul Politikalar Merkezi, Sabancı Üniversitesi.
  • Sippel M. and T. Jenssen. (2009). What about local governance? A review of promise and problems. MPRA Paper No. 20987. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen. de/20987
  • UN-Habitat (2011). Cities and climate change: global report on human settlements, / United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Retrieved from http://unhabitat.org/cities-and-climate-change-global-report-on-human-settlements-2011/
  • United Nation (2014). The world population situation in 2014, a concise report. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
  • United Nation Conference on Environment and Development-UNCED (1992). Agenda 21. Retrieved from http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate-UNFCCC (2015). Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Retrieved from http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/

ASSESSING CAPACITY OF URBAN CLIMATE GOVERNANCE: A CASE FROM TURKISH METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITIES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2, 299 - 338, 31.10.2019
https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.529361

Öz

Emission control and reduction initiatives required to achieve low carbon society necessitate collaboration and capacity building between the public and non-public authorities vertically and horizontally at the international, national and local level. In particular, measures taken at the local level are important on the issue of climate change. To this end, this paper examines local climate protection initiatives of the metropolitan municipalities in the framework of modes of governance including self-governance, provision, enabling and regulation in Turkey. Content analysis with distinct urban policy sectors including mitigation and adaptation for Annual Action Reports and Strategic Plans of the municipalities was applied to determine the level of achievement for local climate protection actions. The study concludes that the local climate change mitigation activities are frequently implemented by provision modes in the sector of urban infrastructure and transportation in the Turkish metropolitan municipalities. 

Kaynakça

  • Alber, G. and Kern, K. (2008). Governing climate change in cities: modes of urban climate governance in multi-level systems. Sustainable energy, and climate policy. Competitive Cities and Climate Change OECD Conference Proceedings, Milan, Italy.
  • Anand, P. and Kallidaikurichi S. (2011). Climate change and living cities: global problems with a local solution. Climate change and sustainable urban development in Africa and Asia, (ed.) Yuen, B., and Kumssa, A. 21–35. New York: Springer.
  • Balaban, O. and Balaban, M. Ş. (2015). Adaptation to climate change: barriers in the Turkish local context. TEMA Journal of Land Use, Mobility, and Environment, 7-22.
  • Betsill, M. M. (2001). Mitigating climate change in US cities: opportunities and obstacles. Local Environment. 6, pp.393-406.
  • Betsill, M. M., and Bulkeley, H. (2006). Cities and the multilevel governance of global climate change. Global Governance. A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations, 12(2), 141-159.
  • Betsill M. M. and Bulkeley H. (2007). Looking back and thinking ahead: a decade of cities and climate change research. Local Environment, 12:5, 447-456, DOI: 10.1080/13549830701659683
  • Broto, V., C., and Bulkeley, H. (2012). A survey of urban climate change experiments in 100 cities. Global Environmental Change, 23 (2013),pp. 92–102
  • Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M.M. (2003). Cities and Climate Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance, Routledge, London, ISBN 0-203-27441-5.
  • Bulkeley, H. and Betsill, M. M. (2013). Revisiting the urban politics of climate change. Environmental Politics, 22:1, pp.136-154, doi: 10.1080/09644016.2013.755797
  • Bulkeley, H., and Kern, K. (2006). Local government and the governing of climate change in Germany and the UK. Urban Studies, 43(12), 2237-2259.
  • Bulkeley H., Schroeder H., Janda K., Zhao J., and Armstrong A. (2009). Cities and climate change: the role of institutions, governance, and urban planning. Presented at 5th Urban Res. Symp. 2009: Cities Climate Change: Responding to Urgent Agenda, Marseille.
  • Bulkeley, H. (2010). Cities and the governing of climate change. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 35, pp. 229–253.
  • Burton, D. and Dredge, D. (2007). Framing climate: implications for local government policy response capacity. In Proceedings of the State of Australian Cities National Conference United Nations Population Fund, 2007:90.
  • Brundtland Commission (1987). Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future, United Nation.
  • Coenen, F., and Menkveld, M. (2002). The role of local authorities in a transition towards a climate-neutral society. Global warming and social innovation. The challenge of a climate-neutral society, 107-126.
  • Collier, U. (1997). Local authorities and climate protection in the European Union: Putting subsidiarity into practice? Local Environment, pp. 39-56
  • Collier, U. and Lofstedt, R. (1997). Think globally, act locally. Global Environmental Change,7 (1). pp. 25-40.
  • Corfee-Morlot, J., Kamal-Chaoui L., Donovan MG., Cochran I, Robert, A. and Teasdale, P., J. (2009). Cities, climate change, and multilevel governance. OECD Environmental Working Papers, 14, 2009, OECD Publishing.
  • Czakó, V. 2011. Multilevel governance of climate change action: a comparative case-study of front-runner cities in the UK and Hungary (Doctoral Dissertation, Doctoral thesis, Budapest).
  • De Oliveira, J. A. P. (2009). The implementation of climate change related policies at the subnational level: An analysis of three countries. Habitat International, 33(3), 253-259.
  • Demir, C., Yılmaz, M. K,. (2010). Stratejik Planlama Süreci ve Örgütler Açısından Önemi. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 25 (1), pp. 69-88.
  • Demirci, M. (2015). Kentsel iklim değişikliği yönetişimi. Erciyes Üniversitesi, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, No;46, pp. 75-100.
  • Dodman, D. (2009). Blaming cities for climate change? An analysis of urban greenhouse gas emissions inventories. Environment and Urbanization, 21(1), pp.185-201.
  • Fröhlich J. and Knieling, J. (2013). Conceptualizing Climate Change Governance, in Climate Change Governance. Series: Climate Change Management. Knieling, Jörg, Leal Filho, Walter (Eds.) 2013, VIII, 320 p. Springer.
  • Gedikli, B., & Balaban, O. (2017). An evaluation of local policies and actions that address climate change in Turkish metropolitan cities. European Planning Studies, 1-22.Granberg, M. & Elander, I. (2007). Local governance and climate change: reflections on the Swedish experience. Local Environment: The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 12:5, 537-548, DOI: 10.1080/13549830701656911.
  • Gupta, J. (2007). The multi-level governance challenge of climate change. Environmental Sciences, 4:3, 131-137, Doi: 10.1080/15693430701742669. Gürer, H. (2006). Stratejik planlamanın temelleri ve Türk kamu yönetiminde uygulanmasına yönelik öneriler. Sayıştay Dergisi, (63), pp. 91-105.
  • Gustavsson, E. Elander, I., and Lundmark, M. (2009). Multilevel governance, networking cities, and the geography of climate change mitigation: two Swedish examples. Environment, and Planning C: Government and Policy, Volume 27, pp.59 -74, doi:10.1068/c07109j.
  • Hoekstra, A. Y., Buurman, J., & van Ginkel, K. C. (2018). Urban water security: A review. Environmental Research Letters, 13(5), 053002.
  • Holgate, C. (2007). Factors and actors in climate change mitigation: a tale of two South African cities. Local Environment,12(5), PP.471-484.
  • IPCC (2013). Summary for Policymakers. In: Climate Change. The Physical Science Basis. The contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T.F., D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M. Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex and P.M. Midgley (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
  • Jiang, Y., Hou, L., Shi, T., and Gui, Q. (2017). A Review of Urban Planning Research for Climate Change. Sustainability, 9(12), 2224.
  • Karabag, F., S. (2011). Climate change management approaches of cities: a comparative study between globally leading and Turkish cities. European Journal of Economic and Political Studies, 4(1), pp.113-141.
  • Koop SHA and Van Leeuwen CJ . (2017). The challenges of water, waste and climate change in cities. Environ. Dev. Sustain. 19: 385-418. DOI 10.1007/s10668-016-9760-4
  • Krause, R., M. (2011). An assessment of the greenhouse gas reducing activities being implemented in US cities. Local Environment, The International Journal of Justice and Sustainability, 16:2, 193-211, DOI: 10.1080/13549839.2011.562491.
  • Local Government Climate Roadmap Secretariat- LGCRS (2006-a). COP 8: Meeting of Municipal Leaders, 26-27 October 2002, New Delhi, India.
  • Loftus, A. C., Anton, B., & Philip, R. (2011). Adapting urban water systems to climate change: a handbook for decision makers at the local level. Adapting urban water systems to climate change: a handbook for decision makers at the local level.
  • Meadowcroft, J. (2009). Climate change governance. Background paper for the 2010 World Development Report. Washington, DC: World Bank, Development Economics, World Development Report Team.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD (2015a). Cities and Climate Change, OECD Publishing. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264091375-en.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD (2015b). Water and cities: ensuring sustainable futures, OECD Studies on Water, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264230149-en.
  • Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development- OECD (2018).: implementing the OECD principles on water governance. Indicator Framework and Evolving Practices. Paris http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264292659-en.
  • Orhan, G. (2014). Türkiye'de Yerel Yönetimler ve Çevre, Küresel Sorunlar, Yerel Çözümler ve Yeniden Merkezileşme Tartışmaları, Ezgi Kitapevi. Bursa, 173.
  • Pohlmann, A. (2011). Local climate change governance. Global Transformations towards a low carbon society, working paper series, University of Hamburg, Germany.
  • Rayner, S. and Malone, E. L. (1997). “Zen and the art of climate maintenance”. Nature, 390, pp. 332–334.
  • Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W. D., Hammer, S., A., Mehrotra, S., eds. (2011). Climate Change and Cities: First Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change
  • Research Network. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. 312 pp.
  • Rosenzweig, C., Solecki, W., Romero-Lankao, P., Mehrotra, S., Dhakal, S., Bowman, T., & Ibrahim, S. A. (2015). ARC3. 2 Summary for City Leaders Climate Change and Cities: Second Assessment Report of the Urban Climate Change Research Network.
  • Şahin, Ü. (2014). Türkiye’nin iklim politikalarında aktör haritası. İstanbul Politikalar Merkezi, Sabancı Üniversitesi.
  • Sippel M. and T. Jenssen. (2009). What about local governance? A review of promise and problems. MPRA Paper No. 20987. Retrieved from https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen. de/20987
  • UN-Habitat (2011). Cities and climate change: global report on human settlements, / United Nations Human Settlements Programme. Retrieved from http://unhabitat.org/cities-and-climate-change-global-report-on-human-settlements-2011/
  • United Nation (2014). The world population situation in 2014, a concise report. Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division.
  • United Nation Conference on Environment and Development-UNCED (1992). Agenda 21. Retrieved from http://habitat.igc.org/agenda21/
  • United Nations Framework Convention on Climate-UNFCCC (2015). Historic Paris Agreement on Climate Change. Retrieved from http://newsroom.unfccc.int/unfccc-newsroom/finale-cop21/
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Korkmaz Yıldırım

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ekim 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Şubat 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, K. (2019). ASSESSING CAPACITY OF URBAN CLIMATE GOVERNANCE: A CASE FROM TURKISH METROPOLITAN MUNICIPALITIES. Akademik İncelemeler Dergisi, 14(2), 299-338. https://doi.org/10.17550/akademikincelemeler.529361

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