İntihar Girişimi Nedeniyle Konsülte Edilen Çocuk ve Ergenlerin Psikopatojilerinin Sosyodemografik ve İntihar Davranışı Özelliklerinin Çok Yönlü Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Amaç: Çocuk ve ergenlerde intihar davranışları majör bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Çalışma, çocuk ve ailelerin olası risk faktörlerini belirleyebilmek amacıyla dizayn edilmiştir.Gereç ve Yöntemler: ‘İntihar girişimi’ nedeniyle Ankara Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Çocuk ve Ergen Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı’na Kasım 2013-Ekim 2015 tarihleri arasında konsülte edilen 78 çocuk ve ergenin sosyodemografik özellikleri, psikiyatrik açıdan tanısal değerlendirmeleri, intihar davranışına ilişkin özellikleri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir.Bulgular: Çocukların %75,6’ını kızlar, %24,4’ünü ise erkekler oluşturmuştur. Ortalama yaş 15,29 ± 1,78 olup, %71,8’i; 15-18 yaş aralığındadır. Çocukların %94,6’sı ağızdan ilaç kullanmak suretiyle intihar girişiminde bulunmuştur. Çocukların %82,1’inin psikiyatrik sorununun sürmesine karşın, %67,9’u herhangi bir tedavi almadığını belirtmiştir. Çocukların yaklaşık %80’i sadece aileleriyle sorunlar yaşamadığını aynı zamanda akademik hayatında sorunlar yaşadığını, %43,4’ü romantik partnerleri ile, %17’si akranlarıyla sorun yaşadığını, %25,6’sı daha önce istismara uğradığını belirtmiştir. Çocukların %30,8’inin ebeveyninin boşanmış ya da ayrı olduğu bildirilmiştir. Psikiyatrik tanılar içinde en sık majör depresyon tanısı konulmuş olup, 62 çocuk bu tanıyı karşılamış ve bunu 18 çocukla dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tanısı takip etmiştir. Çocukların yalnızca yarısının takiplere devam ettiği anlaşılmıştır.Sonuç: Çalışmamız, çocuk ve ergende intihar davranışının genellikle aile içi çatışmaların olduğu, aile işlevselliğinin bozulduğu, akademik ve disiplin alanında zorlukların görüldüğü durumlarda, akran, romantik arkadaş ilişkilerinde bozulmaların sonucunda, istismara maruziyette, majör depresyon başta olmak üzere belirgin psikopatolojilerin eşlik ettiği durumlarda görüldüğünü göstermiştir. İntihar davranışı için risk faktörlerinin ve koruyucu faktörlerin belirlenebilmesi, gerekli önlemlerin alınması, uygun müdahale ve tedavilerin yapılması için önem taşır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• İntihar, Çocuk, Ergen, Psikopatoloji, Sosyodemografik Özellik

Multidimentional Assessment of the Psychopathologies Sociodemographic and Suicide Behavior Characteristics of the Children and Adolescents Referred for Attempting Suicide

Abstract

Objective: Suicidal behavior in children and adolescents is a major health problem. This study was designed to identify the possible risk factors of children and their families. Material and Methods: The consultation requests from Ankara University School of Medicine Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department for 78 child and adolescents who attempted suicide between November 2013 and October 2015 were screened retrospectively with respect to their sociodemographic, psychiatric and suicide behavior characteristics Results: Among the children, 75.6% were female and 24.4% were male. The mean age of the children was 15.29 ± 1.78 and 71.8% of the children were between the ages of 15 and 18 years. In order to commit suicide, 94.6% of children took toxic doses of oral medicines. 67.9% of the children were not on any treatment even though 82.1% of them had ongoing psychiatric problems. Nearly 80% of them indicated that they had not only problems with their family but also with their academic life, 43.4% of them stated problems with their partners, 17% of them stated problems with their peers, 25.6% indicated that they were exposed to abuse before. 30% of the parents were divorced or separated. Major depression was the most common psychopathology among the diagnoses n=62 . The second common psychopathology was attention deficit hyperactivity disorder n=18 . Only half of the children maintained their follow-up and treatments. Conclusion: As shown in this study, child and adolescent suicidal behavior often occurs in the context of family conflict, academic and disciplinary difficulties, with the comorbidity of significant psychopathologies like major depression or as a consequence of distortions in peer, family, and partner relationships and exposure to abuse. Identifying risk factors and protective factors is necessary for the prevention and for appropriate interventions and treatments for suicidal behavior in children and adolescents.

Keywords

• Suicide, Child, Adolescent, Psychopathology, Sociodemographic Characteristics

Kaynakça

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