Alkole Bağlı Olmayan Hepatik Steatoz ve Diyette Doymuş Yağ Asitleri: Olası Mekanizmalara Güncel Bakış

Öz

Günümüzde hazır işlenmiş besinlerin tüketimindeki artış kronik hastalıkların ortaya çıkmasında önemli bir sağlık tehditi olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Batı toplumlarında en sık karşılaşılan kronik karaciğer hastalıklarının başında alkole bağlı olmayan karaciğer yağlanması hastalıkları bulunmaktadır. Bu hastalıkların başlatıcısı olarak kabul edilen hepatik steatoz, genellikle insülin direnci ile seyreden, karaciğerde yüksek miktarda lipid depolanması ile karakterize bir bozukluktur. Diyetle alınan yağ asitlerinin tür ve miktarı karaciğerde lipid metabolizması, insülin duyarlılığı ve inflamasyonu etkileyerek hepatositlerde aşırı miktarda lipid birikimi ve dolaylı hücresel disfonksiyona neden olabilmektedir. Doymuş yağ asitlerinin uluslararası rehberlerde önerilen düzeylerin üzerinde tüketilmesi, karaciğerde yağ asit biyosentezi, lipid metabolizması ve insülin sinyalizasyonunu etkileyebilmektedir. Böylece oluşan hepatik steatoz, pro-inflamatuvar yolakların aktivasyonu ile ilişkili sitokinlerin sentezi ve Tollbenzeri reseptörler gibi kalıp tanıma reseptörlerinin aktivasyonunu artırmaktadır. Diyette doymuş yağ asitleri ve alkole bağlı olmayan hepatik steatoz ve altında yatan mekanizmalar ile ilgili güncel çalışmalar artarak devam etmektedir. Bu derleme, diyetle yüksek doymuş yağ asitleri alımının hepatik steatoz oluşumu mekanizmalarına olan etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yazılmıştır

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Hepatik steatoz, Doymuş yağ asitleri, Yağ asit biyosentezi, Lipid metabolizması, İnsülin direnci, İnflamasyon

Non-Alcoholic Hepatic Steatosis and Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids: A Current Overview of Possible Mechanisms

Abstract

Increased consumption of processed foods is currently recognized as a central factor in the development of chronic diseases. In Western societies, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is emerging as one of the most common liver diseases. Hepatic steatosis is the first stage in the course of these diseases characterized by a high amount of lipid accumulation in the liver, which is associated with insulin resistance. The type and amount of fatty acids in the diet can affect the lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and inflammation, and lead to excessive lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and cellular dysfunction. Consumption of a larger amount of saturated fatty acids than the recommendation of health authorities may influence de novo lipogenesis, lipid metabolism and insulin signaling in the liver. Henceforth, hepatic steatosis increases the synthesis of cytokines and activation of pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors that are related to the activation of proinflammatory pathways. Data on the relationship between dietary saturated fatty acid intake and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the underlying mechanisms is rapidly increasing. This review was written in order to evaluate the effects of the consumption of highly saturated fatty acids on the hepatic steatosis development mechanisms

Keywords

• Hepatic steatosis, Saturated fatty acids, Fatty acid biosynthesis, Lipid metabolism, Insulin resistance, Inflammation

Kaynakça

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