Akut Miyeloid Lösemi ve Akciğer Kanserinin Metakron veya Senkron Görülmesi: Tek Merkez Deneyimi

Öz

Amaç: Akut miyeloid lösemi (AML), yetişkinlerde en sık karşılaşılan akut lösemi tipidir. Akciğer kanseri, en yaygın kanser türlerinden biridir. Eşzamanlı AML ve akciğer kanserinin ortaya çıkışı oldukça nadirdir. Bu çalışma, AML ve akciğer kanserinin metakron veya senkron olarak görüldüğü bir vaka serisini tanımlamaktadır. Yöntem: 2016-2020 yılları arasında hastanemizde tedavi gören hastalar geriye dönük olarak incelendi. AML ve akciğer kanserinin metakron veya senkron olarak görüldüğü 6 olgu tespit edildi. Hastaların klinik özellikleri, immünohistokimyasal, genetik bulgular, verilen tedavi rejimleri retrospektif olarak incelendi. Bulgular: Tespit edilen 6 olgunun hepsinde sigara öyküsü vardı. Olgu 2'de profilaksi için kranial radyoterapi uygulanmıştı. 3. Olguda da akciğer kanseri için radyoterapi uygulanmıştı. Diğer olgularda AML tanısı konmadan önce radyoterapi öyküsü yoktu. Akciğer kanseri olgu 2, 3, 4 ve 5'te metakron olarak ve olgu 1 ve 6'da senkron olarak tespit edildi. Sonuç: AML ve akciğer kanserinin bir arada bulunması oldukça nadirdir. Ancak, aynı hastada bu iki maligniteyle karşılaşabileceğimiz de unutulmamalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Akut miyeloid lösemi
• akciğer kanseri
• metakron
• senkron.

Metachronous or Synchronous Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Lung Cancer: A Single Center Experience

Öz

Aims: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common type of leukemia in adults. Lung cancer is one of the most common types of cancer. The concomitant presentation of AML and lung cancer is extremely rare. This study aimed to report a case series of concomitant presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer as metachronous or synchronous. Methods: We describe 6 cases with diagnosis of these two diseases in between years of 2016-2020 in our hospital. Patients treated in our hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, immunohistochemical and genetic findings, treatments and outcomes were collected. Results: All 6 cases that made up our series had a smoking history. Case 2 had radiotherapy, and it was cranial radiotherapy for prophylaxis. Radiotherapy was also given to case 3 for lung cancer. The other cases had no history of radiotherapy before the diagnosis of AML. We detected lung cancer as metachronous in cases 2, 3, 4, and 5; and synchronously in cases 1 and 6. Conclusion: Coexistence of AML and lung cancer is extremely rare. However, it should be kept in mind that we may encounter these two malignancies in a patient at the same time.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Acute myeloid leukemia
• lung cancer
• metachronous
• synchronous

Kaynakça

1. Referans1- https://www.who.int/cancer/PRGlobocanFinal.pdf, WHO, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 12 September 2018 (Press Release N° 263)
2. Referans2- De Kouchkovsky I, Abdul-Hay M. Acute myeloid leukemia: a comprehensive review and 2016 update. Blood Cancer J 2016;6(7): e441.
3. Referans3- Ueda N, Fujita K, Okuno Y, Nakatani K, Mio T. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy in extensive diseasesmall cell lung cancer. Clin Case Rep 2018; 7(1):100- 103.
4. Referans4- Meloni G, Proia A, Guerrisi V, Cordone I, De Cuia R, Fenu S, Mauro FR, Pescarmona E, Reato G, Mandelli F. Acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer occurring in a chronic lymphocytic leukemia patient treated with fludarabine and autologous peripheral bloodstem- cell transplantation. Ann Oncol 2000;11(11):1493-5.
5. Referans5- Kim JH, Rha SY, Kim C, Kim GM, Yoon SH, Kim KH, Kim MJ, Ahn JB, Chung HC, Roh JK, Kim HS. Clinicopathologic features of metachronous or synchronous gastric cancer patients with three or more primary sites. Cancer Res Treat 2010 ;42(4):217-24.
6. Referans6- Moertel CG. Multiple primary malignant neoplasms: historical perspectives. Cancer 1977;40(4 Suppl):1786-92.
7. Referans7- Varadarajan R, Ford L, Sait SN, Block AW, Barcos M, Wallace PK, Ramnath N, Wang ES, Wetzler M. Metachronous and synchronous presentation of acute myeloid leukemia and lung cancer. Leuk Res 2009;33(9):1208-11.
8. Referans8- Yoshinaga S, Mabuchi K, Sigurdson AJ, Doody MM, Ron E. Cancer risks among radiologists and radiologic technologists: review of epidemiologic studies. Radiology 2004;233(2):313.

9. Referans9- Alberg AJ, Samet JM. Epidemiology of lung cancer. Chest. 2003;123(1 Suppl):21S.
10. Referans10- Radivoyevitch T, Sachs RK, Gale RP, Molenaar RJ, Brenner DJ, Hill BT, Kalaycio ME, Carraway HE, Mukherjee S, Sekeres MA, Maciejewski JP. Defining AML and MDS second cancer risk dynamics after diagnoses of first cancers treated or not with radiation. Leukemia 2016;30(2):285-94.
11. Referans11- Lorigan P, Radford J, Howell A, Thatcher N. Lung cancer after treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma: a systematic review. Lancet Oncol 2005;6(10):773.
12. Referans12- Huang YJ, Huang TW, Lin FH, Chung CH, Tsao CH, Chien WC. Radiation Therapy for Invasive Breast Cancer Increases the Risk of Second Primary Lung Cancer: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Analysis. J Thorac Oncol 2017;12(5):782.
13. Referans13- Natori K, Nagas D, Ishihara S, Sakai A, Kato M, Kuraishi Y, Arai K, Izumi H. P43. Therapy-related leukemia after lung cancer therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2014; 3(5): AB055.
14. Referans14- Sampath KJ, Pridvi J, Anil A, Ranjith K, Swati L, Nishant S. A Rare Case of Synchronous Presentation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia and Lung Cancer. Journal of Cancer Therapy, 2019; 10 (6): 471-475.
15. Referans15- Arber DA, Orazi A, Hasserjian R, Thiele J, Borowitz MJ, Le Beau MM, Bloomfield CD, Cazzola M, Vardiman JW. The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia. Blood 2016;127(20):2391-405.
16. Referans16- Ueda N, Fujita K, Okuno Y, Nakatani K, Mio T. Therapy- related acute myeloid leukemia after chemotherapy in extensive diseasesmall cell lung cancer. Clin Case Rep 2018;7(1):100-103.
17. Referans17- Ratain MJ, Rowley JD. Therapy‐ related acute myeloid leukemia secondary to inhibitors of topoisomerase II: from the bedside to the target genes. Ann Oncol 1992;3: 107‐ 111.