Araştırma Makalesi

Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study

Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1 30 Ekim 2026
PDF İndir
EN TR

Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study

Öz

Objective: To assess awareness and acceptance of surrogacy and ectogenesis among Turkish women of reproductive age, and to examine associations with demographic factors. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 128 women aged 18–50 who attended routine appointments at obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinics in two urban hospitals. Participants completed a validated, self-administered questionnaire assessing awareness and attitudes toward surrogacy and ectogenesis (artificial womb), using a 5-point Likert scale. Composite attitude indices served as the main outcomes, and associations with sociodemographic variables were analyzed using non-parametric tests. Results: A total of 128 women (mean age 37.8 years) participated. Awareness of surrogacy was high, while awareness of ectogenesis was lower. The mean Surrogacy Attitude Index score was 2.97, indicating moderately positive views, whereas the Ectogenesis Attitude Index score was 2.25, reflecting more cautious attitudes. Both indices demonstrated acceptable internal consistency. Support was higher when technologies were framed as medical solutions (39.8% for surrogacy, 21.9% for ectogenesis in at-risk cases) but lower for elective use (21.9% for surrogacy, 3.1% for ectogenesis). Higher education was significantly associated with less favorable attitudes toward surrogacy (p=0.003), while no significant associations were found with age, marital status, or ectogenesis attitudes. Conclusion: Surrogacy is moderately accepted in therapeutic contexts, while ectogenesis is met with greater caution. Education level may influence attitudes. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how women perceive new reproductive technologies and can inform the development of culturally sensitive policies. This study highlights the need for targeted public education and ethical discussion.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Destekleyen Kurum

The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Etik Beyan

Approval number 1/4 was granted by the Ministry of Health, Antalya City Hospital Ethics Committee on 30.01.2025.

Teşekkür

The authors thank all participants for their thoughtful and attentive responses to the survey.

Kaynakça

  1. 1.Klock SC, Lindheim SR. Gestational surrogacy: medical, psychosocial, and legal considerations. Fertil Steril. 2020;113(5):889–91.
  2. 2. Söderström-Anttila V, Wennerholm UB, Loft A, Pinborg A, Aittomäki K, Romundstad LB, Bergh C. Surrogacy: outcomes for surrogate mothers, children and the resulting families-a systematic review. Hum Reprod Update. 2016;22(2):260–76.
  3. 3. Khulbe Y, Gupta S, Javed B, Neyazi A, Padhi BK. Artificial womb: opportunities and challenges for public health. Int J Surg. 2023;109(3):618–9.
  4. 4. Bulletti C, Palagiano A, Pace C, Cerni A, Borini A, de Ziegler D. The artificial womb. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1221:124–8.
  5. 5. O'Brien S, Schaler L, Giblin A, Glover LE, Wingfield M. Assisted human reproduction legislation: Listening to the voice of patients. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2023;284:169–74.
  6. 6. Baykal B, Korkmaz C, Ceyhan ST, Goktolga U, Baser I. Opinions of infertile Turkish women on gamete donation and gestational surrogacy. Fertil Steril. 2008;89(4):817–22.
  7. 7. Simonstein F, Mashiach-Eizenberg M. The artificial womb: a pilot study considering people's views on the artificial womb and ectogenesis in Israel. Camb Q Healthc Ethics. 2009;18(1):87–94.
  8. 8. Esmaeilivand M, Haseli A, Karampour A, Khatony A, Rezaeian S, Naghibzadeh A, Mohammadi MM. A psychological analysis of Iranian infertile couples' attitudes toward gestational surrogacy: a cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep. 2025;8(2):e70450.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil

İngilizce

Konular

Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum

Bölüm

Araştırma Makalesi

Yayımlanma Tarihi

30 Ekim 2026

Gönderilme Tarihi

14 Eylül 2025

Kabul Tarihi

18 Mart 2026

Yayımlandığı Sayı

Yıl 2026 Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA
Muluk, E., & Yılmaz Muluk, S. (2026). Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1783102
AMA
1.Muluk E, Yılmaz Muluk S. Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study. Akd Tıp D. 2026;12(1). doi:10.53394/akd.1783102
Chicago
Muluk, Erhan, ve Selkin Yılmaz Muluk. 2026. “Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study”. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 12 (1). https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1783102.
EndNote
Muluk E, Yılmaz Muluk S (01 Ekim 2026) Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 12 1
IEEE
[1]E. Muluk ve S. Yılmaz Muluk, “Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study”, Akd Tıp D, c. 12, sy 1, Eki. 2026, doi: 10.53394/akd.1783102.
ISNAD
Muluk, Erhan - Yılmaz Muluk, Selkin. “Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study”. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi 12/1 (01 Ekim 2026). https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1783102.
JAMA
1.Muluk E, Yılmaz Muluk S. Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study. Akd Tıp D. 2026;12. doi:10.53394/akd.1783102.
MLA
Muluk, Erhan, ve Selkin Yılmaz Muluk. “Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study”. Akdeniz Tıp Dergisi, c. 12, sy 1, Ekim 2026, doi:10.53394/akd.1783102.
Vancouver
1.Erhan Muluk, Selkin Yılmaz Muluk. Surrogacy and Ectogenesis Acceptance Among Reproductive-age Women: A Descriptive and Analytical Study. Akd Tıp D. 01 Ekim 2026;12(1). doi:10.53394/akd.1783102