Pathology of Male Breast Lesions: Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract

Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer that causes death in women. Male breast cancers are rare and make up less than 1% of all breast cancers. Therefore, there are very few studies and no specific male standard protocol has been made. The current treatment approach and prognostic factors for male breast cancers have been removed from studies on women with breast cancer. In men, breast cancers are detected at an advanced age and at an advanced stage. Purpose of this study is to profile breast lesions detected in men and to evaluate cancer cases clinically and pathologically. Material and Methods: We present our 5-year experience by retrospectively examining male breast lesions including cases of gynecomastia and breast carcinoma. Results: Retrospectively between January 2015-January 2020 in our hospital; we detected 43 male breast lesions, including 6 invasive carcinomas, 1 intraductal papilloma, 3 pilomatrixoma, 1 lipomatosis and 32 gynecomastia. Malignant lesions were seen in the 4-8th decades. Malignant lesions were Grade II and Grade III. Tumour size was determined as the smallest 1.1 cm and the largest 3.0 cm. Different levels of hormone receptor expression were observed in each case. Conclusion: Since male breast tumours can often be confused with benign diseases, they can be ignored. Therefore, a more careful approach is required since it can be encountered with breast tumours that reach advanced stage during diagnosis. Although most of the lesions detected in men are benign, malignancy should be considered at the forefront in the presence of a mass in the breast at an advanced age.

Keywords

• Male Breast Carcinoma
• Male Breast Lesions
• Hormone Profile

Erkek Meme Lezyonlarının Patolojisi: Vaka Serisi ve Literatür Tarama

Öz

Amaç: Meme kanseri, kadınlarda en sık görülen ve en sık ölüme neden olan kanserdir. Erkek meme kanserleri nadir görülür ve tüm meme kanserlerinin %1’den azını oluşturur. Nadir olması nedeniyle çok az çalışma vardır ve spesifik erkek standart protokolü yapılamamıştır. Erkek meme kanserleri ile ilgili güncel tedavi yaklaşımı ve prognostik faktörler meme kanserli kadınlara yapılan çalışmalardan çıkarılmıştır. Erkeklerde meme kanserleri daha ileri yaşta ve tanı anında ileri evrede saptanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada amaç erkeklerde saptanan meme lezyonlarının profilini çıkarmak, kanserli olguları klinik ve patolojik olarak değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışmada, jinekomasti ve meme karsinom vakalarını da içeren erkek meme lezyonlarını retrospektif olarak inceleyerek 5 yıllık deneyimimizi sunuyoruz. Bulgular: Hastanemiz Ocak 2015-Ocak 2020 tarihleri arasında retrospektif olarak; 6 invaziv karsinom, 1 intraduktal papillom, 3 pilomatriksoma, 1 lipomatozis ve 32 jinekomasti olmak üzere toplam 43 erkek meme lezyonu tespit ettik. Malign lezyonlar 4- 8. dekadlarda görüldü. Malign lezyonlar Grade II ve Grade III olarak izlendi. Tümör boyutu en küçük 1,1cm en büyük 3,0 cm olarak tespit edildi. Her bir vakada farklı düzeyde hormon reseptör ekspresyonu izlendi. Sonuç: Erkek meme tümörleri sıklıkla jinekomasti gibi benign hastalıklar ile karışabildiği için, hasta ve hekimler tarafından göz ardı edilebilir. Bu yüzden tanı konduğu anda ileri evreye ulaşan meme tümörleri ile karşımıza çıkabildiği için daha dikkatli yaklaşım gerekmektedir. Erkeklerde tespit edilen lezyonların çoğu benign olmasına karşın ileri yaşta memede ele gelen kitle varlığında malignite ön planda düşünülmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Erkek Meme Karsinomu
• Erkek Meme Lezyonları
• Hormon Profili

Kaynakça

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