Bakım Vericilerde Özgecilik Davranışlarının Psikolojik Dayanıklılık ve Bakım Yüküne Etkisi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 58 - 69, 01.01.2024

Ayşegül Özge Şen Ezgi Karadağ

https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1116494

Öz

ÖZ
Amaç:
Bu çalışma, kanser hastalarının bakım vericilerinde özgecilik davranışlarının psikolojik dayanıklılık ve bakım yüküne yordayıcı etkisini incelemek amacıyla yapıldı.
Gereç ve Yöntemler:
Araştırmaya Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hastanesi Hematoloji-Onkoloji Servisi, Gündüz Tedavi Merkezi ve Genel Cerrahi Servisi’nde tedavi gören 194 kanser hastasının 194 bakım vericisi alınmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama formu olarak, Hasta ve Bakım Verici Tanıtım Formu, Özgecilik Ölçeği (ÖÖ), Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği (YPDÖ) ve Kliniğe Uyarlanan Zarit Bakım Yükü Ölçeği (ZBYÖ) olmak üzere dört veri toplama aracı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular:
Bakım vericilerin Özgecilik Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 74,96±12,02, Yetişkinler İçin Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 129,86±23,72 ve Zarit Bakıcı Yük Ölçeği toplam puan ortalaması 30,20±13,05 olarak bulunmuştur. Bakım vericilerin; özgecilik ölçeği puanları ile psikolojik dayanıklılık ölçeği puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Özgecilik davranışı puanlarında meydana gelen artışın psikolojik dayanıklılık puanını artırdığı saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bakım vericilerde meydana gelen psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyindeki değişimin %24,1’inin bakım vericilerin özgecilik davranışları düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bakım vericilerin Özgecilik Ölçeği puanları ile Zarit Bakım Yükü Ölçeği puanları arasında ise istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,01). Özgecilik davranışı puanlarında oluşan bir artışın bakım yükü düzeyinde azalmaya neden olduğu saptanmıştır (p<0,05). Bakım vericilerin bakım yükü düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimin %13,2’sinin bakım vericilerin özgecilik davranışları düzeyinde meydana gelen değişimden kaynaklandığı tespit edilmiştir.
Sonuç:
Kanser hastalarının bakım vericilerinde özgecilik davranışlarının psikolojik dayanıklılık düzeyini artırdığı, bakım yükü düzeyini ise azalttığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Hemşireler bakım vericilerin etkin bakım vermelerinde önemli rolü bulunan özgecilik davranışlarının bakım vericilerde görülmesinde etkin rol alabilirler.

Anahtar Kelimeler

bakım vericiler, özgecilik, psikolojik dayanıklılık, bakım yükü

The Effect of Altruistic Behaviors on Psychological Resilience and Care Burden in Caregivers

Öz

Objective:
This study was conducted to investigate the predictive effect of altruistic behaviors on psychological resilience and care burden in caregivers of cancer patients.
Matherials and Methods:
The study consisted of 194 caregivers of 194 patients with cancer who were treated at the Hematology-Oncology Service, Day Treatment Center and General Surgery Service of Dokuz Eylül University Hospital. The study data were collected by using four data collection tools, namely Patient and Caregiver Information Form, Altruism Scale, Resilience Scale for Adults, and Clinically Adapted Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale. The mean score of caregivers was 74.96±12.02 on the total Altruism Scale, 129.86±23.72 on the total Resilience Scale for Adults and 30.20±13.05 on the total Zarit Caregiver Burden Scale.
Results:
A statistically significant and positive correlation was found between caregivers’ scores on the altruism scale and resilience scale (p<0.01). The increase in altruistic behavior scores increased the resilience score (p<0.05). It was found that 24.1% of the variance in the level of caregivers’ resilience was caused by the variance in the level of their altruistic behavior. A statistically significant and negative correlation was found between caregivers' scores on the Altruism Scale and the Zarit Care Burden Scale (p<0.01). An increase in altruistic behavior scores caused a decrease in the level of caregiver burden (p<0.05). It was determined that 13.2% of the variance in the level of caregivers’ care burden was caused by the variance in their altruistic behavior.
Conclusion:
It was concluded that altruistic behaviors in caregivers of patients with cancer increased psychological resilience and reduced the burden of care. Nurses can take on an active role in increasing altruistic behavior that has an important role in the provision of effective care by caregivers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

caregivers, care burden, psychological resilience, altruism

Kaynakça

• 1. Yıldız E, Dedeli-Çaydam, Ö, Çınar-Pakyüz, S. Evaluation of Care Burden and Quality of Life among Family Caregivers of Patıents with Cancer. JERN 2016; 13(3): 216-24.
• 2. Erdoğan Z, Yavuz DE. Quality of Life in Caregivers of Cancer Patients. Archives Medical Review Journal 2014;23(4): 726-36.
• 3. Gilbert, P. Compassion: Conceptualisations, Research and Use in Psychotherapy. London: Routledge, 2015.
• 4. Tayaz E, Koç A. Evaluation of the Relationship between Perceived Caregiver Burden and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Persons with Disabilities. Medical Journal of Bakırköy 2018; 14:44-52.
• 5. Kay T, Lehmann L, Keller L. Kin selection and altruism. Current Biology 2019;29(11): 438-42.
• 6. Ümmet D, Ekşi H, Otrar M. Altruism Scale Development Study. Journal of Values Education 2013;11(26):301-21.
• 7. Feldman MD. Altruism and Medical Practice. J Gen Intern Med 2017; 32(7):719-20.
• 8. Çam O, Büyükbayram A. Nurses’ Resilience and Effective Factors. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2017; 8(2): 118–26.
• 9. Yu F, Raphael D, Mackay, L, Smith M, King A. Personal and work-related factors associated with nurse resilience: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies 2019;93,129–40.
• 10. Hwang IC, Kim YS, Lee YJ, Choi YS, Hwang SW, Kim HM, Koh, S J. Factors Associated With Caregivers' Resilience in a Terminal Cancer Care Setting. Am J Hosp Palliat Care 2018; 35(4):677-83.
• 11. Parmaksız İ. The Effects of Optimism, Altruism and Marital Status on the Psychological Resilience. PAU Journal of Education 2020; 48: 285-302.
• 12. Üzar-Özçetin YS, Dursun Sİ. Quality of Life, Caregiver Burden, and Resilience Among the Family Caregivers of Cancer Survivors. Europian Journal of Oncology Nursing 2020;48.
• 13. Atagün Mİ, Balaban ÖD, Atagün Z, Elagöz M, Yılmaz-Özpolat A. Caregiver Burden in Chronic Diseases. Current Approaches in Psychiatry 2011;3(3): 513-52.
• 14. Akgün-Şahin Z, Polat-Ergüney H. Determining the Caregiver Burden of Caregivers of Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. Journal of Atatürk University School of Nursing 2009;12(2):1-9.
• 15. Brandstätter M, Kögler M, Baumann, U, Fensterer V, Küchenhoff H, Borasio GD, Martin JF. Experience of meaning in life in bereaved informal caregivers of palliative care patients. Supportive Care in Cancer 2014; 22(5): 1391-99.
• 16. Ülgen T. Home Care Practices of Cancer Patients Care and the Effect of Perceived Social Support on the care load. Master's Thesis 2019.
• 17. Yıldırım S. Identification of the Perceived Stress Levels and Sleep Quality Among Caregivers of Patients Hospitalized in the Palliative Care Clinic. Master's Thesis 2021.
• 18. Toker S. Investigation of Post-Traumatic Improvement in Caregivers of Cancer, Scizophrenia and Alzheimer’s Patients. Master's Thesis 2017.
• 19. Karaaslan A. The Level of Perceived Social Support and Caregiving Burden of the Family Members Caring for Patients with Cancer. Master's Thesis 2013.
• 20. Akbaba S. The Effect of Group Counseling on Altruism, a Social Psychological Concept. PhD Thesis 1994.
• 21. London P, Bower RK. Altruism extraversion and mental ilness. The journal of social psychology 1968;76:19-30.
• 22. Basım HN, Çetin F. The Reliability and Validity of the Resilience Scale for Adults Turkish Version. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry 2011;22(2):104–14.
• 23. Friborg O, Barlaug D, Martinussen M. Resilience in Relation to Personality and Intelligence. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2005;14(1): 29-42.
• 24. Özer N, Yurttaş A, Akyıl-Çevik R. Psychometric Evaluation of the Turkish Version of the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) in Family Caregivers of Inpatients in Medical and Surgical Clinics. Journal of Transcultural Nursing 2012;23(1):65–71.
• 25. Zarit, S, Reever K, Bach-Peterson J. Relatives of the impaired elderly: Correlates of feeling of burden. Gerontologist 1980; 20: 649-55.
• 26. Tarı-Selçuk K, Avcı D. The Care Burden of Caregivers Caring for Elderly with Chronic Diseases and Affecting Factors. SDU Journal of the Institute of Health Sciences 2016;7(1):1-9.
• 27. Kristanti MS, Effendy C, Utarini A, Dassen MV, Engels Y. (2019). The experience of family caregivers of patients with cancer in an Asian country: A grounded theory approach. Palliative Medicine. 2019;33(6):676–84.
• 28. Yeşil T, Çetinkaya-Uslusoy E, Korkmaz M. Examining of the Life Quality and Care Burden of Those Who Are Looking After The Patients Suffering From Chronic Diseases. Gümüşhane University Journal Of Health Sciences 2016;5(4),: 54-66.
• 29. Lök N, Günbayı İ, Buldukoğlu K.Living With A Person Who Has Dementia: A Study of Phenomenology. Journal of Psychiatric Nursing 2015;6(2):91-99.
• 30. Zaybak A, Yapucu-Güneş Ü, Günay İsmailoğlu, E, Ülker E. The determination of burden care of caregivers for bedridden patients. Anatolian Journal of Nursing and Health Sciences 2012;15(1):48-54.
• 31. Klemz B, Boshoff, C, Mazibuko NE, Asquit JA. The effect of altruism on the spending behavior of elderly caregivers of family members with HIV/AIDS in South African townships. Health Mark Q, 2015;32(1): 81-95.
• 32. Uğurtay H. Empathy and Psychological Resilience of the Primer Caregivers of Patients with Bipolar and Related Disorders Who Are Monitored by Community Mental Health Centers. Master's Thesi 2019.
• 33. Erkan M. The Relations of Resilience and Metacognitions with Fear of Recurrence of Cancer Survivors and Their Caregivers. Master's Thesis 2019.
• 34. Kahraman S. Investigation of the Relationship between Multiple Sclerosis and Their Family Members’ Resilience Levels. Master's Thesis 2019.
• 35. Liu Y, Li Y, Chen L, Li Y, Qi W, Yu L.Relationships between family resilience and posttraumatic growth in breast cancer survivors and caregiver burden. Psychooncology 2018;27(4): 1284-90.
• 36. Özkan-Tuncay F, Mollaoğlu M, Kars-Fertelli K. The Care Burden of Caregivers Caring for Elderly with Chronic Diseases and Affecting Factors. Journal of Psychiatry/Neurology/Behavioral Sciences. 2015;8:1-6.
• 37. Altay B, Erkuran H, Aydın-Avcı İ. The Burden of Caregivers of Alzheimer Patients And The Factors Affecting The Burden. Samsun Health Sciences Journal 2018; 3(2): 1-8.
• 38. . Kars-Fertelli , Özkan-Tuncay F. Relationship between Care Burden, Social Support and Quality of Life in Caregivers of Individual with Stroke. JAREN 2019; 5(2), 107-115.
• 39. Decadt I, Leanen A, Celus J, Geyskens S, Vasteenlandt H, Coolbrandt A. Caregiver distress and quality of life in primary caregivers of oncology patients in active treatment and follow-up. Eur J Cancer Care 2011;30(3).
• 40. Çetin F, Yeloğlu HO, Basım N. The Role of Five Factor Personality Traits in Explaining Resilience: A Canonical Relationship Analysis. Turkish Journal of Psychology 2015;30(75):8192.
• 41. Ming-Yeh P, Yuanmay-Chang Y.Use of Zarit Burden Interview in analysis of family caregivers' perception among Taiwanese caring with hospitalized relatives. International Journal of Nursing Practise 2015;21(5); 622-34.
• 42. Arslantaş H, Adana F. Factors affecting caregivers’ burden and emotional expression of patients with schizophrenia. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry 2012; 13(8): 15.