Aşırı Gürültüye Maruz Kalan İşçilerde Yaşam Kalitesi ve Öz-Bildirim Semptomları

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 3, 535 - 541, 19.09.2024

Emre Söylemez , Cihangir Karakaya , Nihat Yılmaz

https://doi.org/10.53394/akd.1351642

Öz

Amaç: Gürültü, insan sağlığını etkileyerek fizyolojik ve psikolojik değişikliklere neden olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, gürültülü ortamlarda çalışan işçilerde yaşam kalitesinı ve öz bildirim kulak çınlaması, işitme kaybı, dizziness, uyku, dikkat, kaygı ve yorgunluk semptomlarını araştırmaktır.
Materyal ve Metot: Çalışmaya, gürültülü ortamlarda çalışan 111 işçi ve gürültülü ortamlarda çalışmayan 74 birey dahil edildi (kontrol grubu). Katılımcıların yaşam kalitelerini değerlendirmek için Kısa Form (KF)-36 ölçeği, öz-bildirim semptomlarını değerlendirmek için görsel analog ölçek (VAS) kullanıldı.
Bulgular: İşçilerin öz bildirim kulak çınlaması, işitme kaybı, dizziness, uyku, dikkat ve kaygı skorları kontrol grubuna göre daha kötüydü (p<0.05). Ayrıca işçilerin KF-36 alt boyutlarından fiziksel fonksiyon, fiziksel rol kısıtlaması, sosyal işlevsellik, ağrı ve genel sağlık skorları kontrol grubuna göre daha kötüydü (p<0.05). Ancak gruplar arasında emosyonel rol, ruhsal sağlık, enerji/canlılık skorları arasında bir fark yoktu (p>0.05).
Sonuç: Gürültü, işçilerin öz bildirim semptomlarını artırır ve yaşam kalitesini azaltır. İş yerinde gürültüye karşı daha fazla önlem alınması ile işçilerin sağlıkları ve çalışma performansları korunabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

İşçiler, işitme, denge, uyku, kaygı

Quality of Life and Self-Reported Symptoms in Workers Exposed to Excessive Noise

Öz

Objective: Noise can cause physiological and psychological changes by affecting human health. This study aims to investigate the quality of life and self-report symptoms of tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, sleep, attention, anxiety and fatigue in workers exposed to excessive noise.
Materials and Methods: The study included 111 workers working in noisy environments and 74 individuals not working in noisy environments (control group). The Short Form (SF)-36 scale was used to evaluate the participants' quality of life, and the visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess the self-report symptoms.
Result: Self-report tinnitus, hearing loss, dizziness, sleep, attention and anxiety scores of the workers were worse than the control group (p<0.05). In addition, the physical function, physical role restriction, social functionality, pain and general health scores of the workers, which are the sub-dimensions of SF-36, were worse than the control group (p<0.05). However, there was no difference between the groups in terms of emotional role, mental health, and energy/vitality scores (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Noise increases workers' self-report symptoms and reduces their quality of life. By taking more precautions against workplace noise, workers' health and working performance can be protected.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Workers, hearing, balance, sleep, anxiety

Kaynakça

• 1. Tak S, Davis RR, Calvert GM. Exposure to hazardous workplace noise and use of hearing protection devices among US workers- NHANES, 1999–2004. Am J Ind Med 2009; 52(5):358–71.
• 2. Kerns E, Masterson EA, Themann CL, Calvert GM. Cardiovascular conditions, hearing difficulty, and occupational noise exposure within U.S. industries and occupations. Am J Ind Med 2018; 61:477–91.
• 3. Eurostat. Work and Health in the EU: A Statistical Portrait, Luxemborg Office for Official Publications of the European Communities. 2004 http://edz.bib.uni-mannheim.de/www-edz/pdf/eurostat/04/KS-57-04-807- EN-N-EN.pdf (Last viewed 16 December 2022).
• 4. Feder K, Michaud D, McNamee J, Fitzpatrick E, Davies, H. Leroux T. Prevalence of hazardous occupational noise exposure, hearing loss, and hearing protection usage among a representative sample of working Canadians. J Occup Environ Med 2017; 59(1): 92–113.
• 5. Nelson DI, Nelson RY, Concha-Barrientos M, Fingerhut M. The global burden of occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Am J Ind Med 2005; 48(6):446-58.
• 6. Yokoyama K, Iijima S, Ito H, Kan M. The socio-economic impact of occupational diseases and injuries. Ind Health 2013; 51(5):459-61.
• 7. Almaayeh M, Al-Musa A, Khader YS. Prevalence of noise induced hearing loss among Jordanian industrial workers and its associated factors. Work 2018; 61(2):267–71.
• 8. Themann C L, Suter AH, Stephenson MR. National research agenda for the prevention of occupational hearing loss-Part 1. Sem. Hear 2013; 34(3): 145–207.
• 9. Nkosi V, Claassen N, Voyi K. Occupational noiseinduced hearing loss prevelence and noise abatement techniques in a steel – making plant. Occup Health Southern Afr 2015; 25:12–18.
• 10. Yilmaz N, Ila K, Soylemez E, Ozdek A. Evaluation of vestibular system with vHIT in industrial workers with noise-induced hearing loss. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275(11): 2659- 65.
• 11. Basner M, Babisch W, Davis A, Brink M, Clark C, Janssen S, Stansfeld S. Auditory and non-auditory effects of noise on health Lancet 2014; 383(9925): 1325–32.
• 12. Akan Z. Yilmaz A. Ozdemir O. Ali KM. Noise Pollution, Psychiatric Symptoms and Quality of Life: Noise Problem in the East Region of Turkey. Annals of Medical Research 2021; 9(2):75–81.
• 13. Orhan HB. Müjdeci B. Investigation of health-related quality of life in factory workers who work in noisy environments. Medeniyet Medical Journal 2016; 31(1):37-45.
• 14. Koçyiğit H, Aydemir Ö, Fişek G. Kısa Form-36’nın Türkçe versiyonunun güvenilirliği ve geçerliliği. İlaç ve Tedavi Dergisi 1999; 12:102-6.
• 15. Themann CL, Masterson EA. Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 146(5):3879.
• 16. Themann CL, Masterson EA. Occupational noise exposure: A review of its effects, epidemiology, and impact with recommendations for reducing its burden. J Acoust Soc Am 2019; 146(5):3879.
• 17. Kurabi A, Keithley EM, Housley GD, Ryan AF, Wong AC. Cellular mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss. Hear Res 2017; 349:129-37.
• 18. Masterson EA, Themann CL, Luckhaupt SE, Li J, Calvert GM. Hearing difficulty and tinnitus among U.S. workers and non-workers in 2007. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59(4):290-300.
• 19. Al Kindy SA. Do long-term noise exposure cause equilibrium problems? A cross-sectional study. Saudi J Health Sci 2017; 6:88-91.
• 20. Centrell RW. Physiological effects of noise, Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America 1979; 12: 537–49.
• 21. Beheshti MH, Koohpaei A, Chahack AF, Emkani M, Kianmehr M, Hajizadeh R. Relationship between the Dose of Noise Exposure with Sleep Quality and Noise Annoyance in Industrial Workers. Research J. Pharm. and Tech 2018; 11(10):4581-6.
• 22. Halperin D. Environmental noise and sleep disturbances: A threat to health? Sleep Sci 2014; 7(4):209-12.
• 23. Basner M, Brink M, Bristow A, de Kluizenaar Y, Finegold L, Hong J, Janssen SA, Klaeboe R, Leroux T, Liebl A, Matsui T, Schwela D, Sliwinska-Kowalska M, Sörqvist P. ICBEN review of research on the biological effects of noise 2011–2014. Noise Health 2015; 17:57–82.
• 24. Beutel ME, Jünger C, Klein EM, Wild P, Lackner K, Blettner M, Binder H, Michal M, Wiltink J, Brähler E, Münzel T. Noise Annoyance Is Associated with Depression and Anxiety in the General Population- The Contribution of Aircraft Noise. PLoS One 2016; 11(5):e0155357.
• 25. Otoghile B, Onakoya PA, Otoghile CC. Effects of occupational noise on quality of life. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 4:1142-6.