The effect of seedling types and the growing media on earliness and the yield in strawberry cultivation in soilless culture

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 2, 67 - 74, 01.12.2011

N. Adak M. Pekmezci

Öz

The effects of various seedling types and growing media on phenological features of the seedlings with earliness and yield were examined in strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.) cultivation with greenhouse soilless culture. In the trial, cultivar was ‘Camarosa’; seedling types were plug seedling and frigo seedling ; growing media were peat (T), perlite (P), cocopeat (K), volcanic tuff (V) and their combinations . The results showed that plug seedling is favorable for blooming and earliness; and frigo seedling for total yield per plant. While the first blooming in frigo seedlings started at the beginning of January, and the first harvest started in February, the first blooming in plug seedlings started in November and the first harvest started in November. The total yield value per plant changed based on the trial year, and the range in frigo seedling was between 1057.61 g plant-1 and 1151.90 g plant-1; the range in plug seedling was between 745.42 g plant-1 and 739.11 g plant-1. In terms of growing media, K and K+V growing media had better results than other growing media in terms of plant growth, earliness and yield. In the plants grown in V and P growing media, the earliness lagged substantially, and the yield per plant decreased.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fragaria×ananassa, Soilless culture, Seedling type, Growing media, Earliness, Yield

Topraksız kültürle çilek yetiştiriciliğinde fide tipleri ile yetiştirme ortamlarının erkencilik ve verim üzerine etkileri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, örtüaltında topraksız kültürle çilek (Fragaria×ananassa Duch.)
yetiştiriciliğinde, değişik fide tipleri ile yetiştirme ortamlarının, bitkilerin fenolojik özellikleri
ile erkencilik ve verim üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Denemede çeşit olarak ‘Camarosa’ çeşidi;
fide tipi olarak, tüplü fide ile frigo fide; yetiştirme ortamı olarak ise torf, perlit, kokopit,
volkanik tüf ve bunların karışımları denenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, çiçeklenme ve
erkencilik bakımından tüplü fidenin; bitki başına düşen toplam verim bakımından ise frigo
fidenin avantajlı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nitekim frigo fidelerde ilk çiçeklenmeler ocak ayı
başında, ilk derimler ise şubat ayında başlarken; tüplü fidelerde ilk çiçeklenmeler kasım ayı
başında ve ilk derimler ise aralık ayında gerçekleşmiştir. Bitki başına düşen toplam verim
değeri, deneme yıllarına göre değişmekle birlikte, frigo fidede 1057,61 g bitki-1 ile 1151,90 g
bitki-1 ; tüplü fidede 745,42 g bitki-1 ile 739,11 g bitki-1 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Yetiştirme
ortamları bakımından ise özellikle kokopit ve kokopit+volkanik tüf ortamları, gerek bitki
gelişimi, gerek erkencilik ve gerekse verim bakımından denenen diğer ortamlardan daha
olumlu sonuçlar vermiştir. Volkanik tüf ve perlit ortamlarında yetiştirilen bitkilerde ise
erkencilik önemli oranda gecikirken, bitki başına düşen verim değeri de azalmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Fragaria×ananassa, Topraksız kültür, Fide tipi, Yetiştirme ortamı, Erkencilik, Verim

Kaynakça

• Adak N, Gübbük H, Pekmezci M (2003) Bazı çilek çeşitlerinin Antalya koşullarında örtüaltında yetiştirme olanakları üzerinde araştırmalar. Türkiye IV. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Antalya, s. 313-315.
• Alan R, Zulkadir A, Padem H (1993) The influence of growing media on growth, yield and quality of tomato grown under greenhouse conditions. Acta Horticulture 366: 429-434.
• Benton JJ (2004) Hydroponics: a Practical Guide for the Soilless Grower. 2 nd Edition. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
• Cantliffe DJ, Castellanos JZ, Paranjpe AV (2008) Yield and quality of greenhouse grown strawberries as affected by nitrogen level in coco coir and pine bark media. Proceedings Florida State Horticultural Society 120:157-161.
• Dijkstra J, Bruijn J, De Scholtens A, Wijsmuller JM (1993) Effects of planting distance and peat volume on strawberry production in bag and bucket culture. Acta Horticulture 348: 180–184.
• Durner EF, Polin EB, Maas JL (2002) Recent advances in strawberry plug transplant technolgy. HortTechnology 12: 545-550.
• FAO (2010) Statistical database. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#an cor. Accessed 27 July 2011
• Gul A, Sevgican A (1993) Sustanability of various soilless media for long-term greenhouses tomato growing. Acta Horticulturae 366: 437-444.
• Gullino ML, Camponogara A, Gasparrini G, Rizzo V, Clini C, Garibaldi A (2003) Replacing methyl bromide for soil disinfestations: The Italian experience and the implications for other countries. Plant Diseases 87: 1012-1021.
• Gündüz K (2003) Bazı çilek çeşitlerinin Amik ovası koşullarında açıkta ve yüksek tünel altında yetiştiriciliğinin verim, kalite ve erkencilik üzerine etkileri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Antakya.
• Hotchmuth R, Lei Lani L, Crocker T, Dinkins D, Sweat M (2008) The development and demonstration of an outdoor hyroponic specialty crop production system for north Florida 99-12. University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. http://nfrec- sv.ifas.ufl.edu/ReportsPDF/99-12%20Outdoor%20Hydroponic.pdf Accessed 20 May 2009.
• Lieten P (2008) Substrates as an alternative to MEBR for strawberry fruit production in Northern Europa. http://www.europa.eu.int/comm/environment/ozone/conference/lisb oa/strawberry/9.pdf. Accessed 27 July 2009.
• Linardakis DK, Manios BI (1991) Hydroponic culture of strawberries in plastic greenhouse in a vertical system. II. International symposium on protected cultivation of vegetables in mild winter climates. http://www.pubhort.org/members/showdocument?booknrarnr=287_ 36. Accessed 29 July 2009.
• Marfa O, Pages M, Tio Sauleda M, Cunill Prado C (1994) Strawberries sack culture step gradient soil. Evaluation of the substrates and the sack type and position on slope. Acta Horticulturae 150: 325-332.
• Medina LJ, Peralbo A, Flores F (2003) Closed soilless growing system: a sustainable solution for strawberry crop in Huelva (Spain). Cost 836 Final Workshop, ISHS Euro Berry Symposium, Ancona, Italy.
• Montesano F, Parente A, Santamaria P (2010) Closed cycle subirrigation with low concentration nutrient solution can be used for soilless tomato production in saline conditions. Scientia Horticulturae 124: 338–344.
• Ozdemir E, Kaska N (1997) The effects of high tunnel sack culture on the precocity of strawberries, Acta Horticulturae 441: 427-432.
• Önal K (2000) Menemen kosullarında açıkta ve yüksek tünel altında yetiştirilen bazı çilek (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) çeşitlerinin performansları üzerine bir araştırma. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry 24: 31–36.
• Özdemir E, Gündüz K, Bayazit S (2001) Tüplü taze fideyle yüksek tünelde yetiştirilen bazı çilek çeşitlerinin amik ovası koşullarında verim, kalite ve erkencilik durumlarının belirlenmesi. Bahçe 30: 65- 70.
• Özgüven AI, Yılmaz C (2009) Bazı çilek çeşitlerinin Adana ekolojik koşullarındaki morfolojik ve pomolojik özellikleri. Alatarım 8: 17- 21.
• Öztürk A, Demirsoy l (2004) Değişik gölgeleme uygulamalarının Camarosa çilek çeşidinde verim ve büyüme üzerine etkileri. Bahçe 33 (1-2): 39 – 49.
• Paranjpe AV, Cantliffe DJ, Lamb EM, Stoffella PJ, Powell CA (2003a) Winter strawberry production in greenhouses using soilless substrates: An alternative to methyl bromide soil fumigation. Proceedings Florida State Horticultural Society 116: 98–105.
• Paranjpe AV, Cantliffe DJ, Rondon S, Chandler CK, Brecht JK, Brecht E,J Cordasco K (2003b) Trends in fruit yield and quality, susceptibility to powdery mildew (Sphaerotheca macularis), and aphid (Aphis gossypii) infestation for seven strawberry cultivars grown without pesticides in a passively ventilated greenhouse using pinebark as soilless substrate. Proceedings Florida State Horticultural Society 116: 63–72.
• Paranjpe AV, Cantliffe DJ, Lamb EM, Stoffella PJ, Powell CA (2003c) Increasing winter strawberry production in north-central Florida using passive ventilated greenhouses and high plant densities. Acta Horticulturae 626: 269–276.
• Paranjpe AV, Cantliffe DJ, Stoffella PJ, Lamb EM, Powell CA (2008) Relationship of plant density to fruit yield of ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry grown in a pine bark soilless medium in a high-roof passively ventilated greenhouse. Scientia Horticulturae 115: 117– 123.
• Pasian CC (2007) Physical characteristics of growing mixes. Ohio State University Extension Fact Sheet. Horticulture and Crop Science http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1251.html Accessed 26 May 2009
• Pipattanawong N, Fujıshige N, Yamane K, Ogata R (1995) Growth and development of four day-neutral strawberries under hydroponic system with or without chilling. Horticultural Abstracts 65: 1117.
• Polat İ, Özkan CF, Kaya H, Eski H (2003) Topraksız kültür üzüm yetiştiriciliğinde farklı ortamların erkencilik, kalite ve verime etkisi. Türkiye IV. Ulusal Bahçe Bitkileri Kongresi, Antalya, s. 53-57.
• Serra G (1994) Innovation in cultivation techniques of greenhouse ornamentals with particular regard to low energy input and pollution reduction. Acta Horticulturae 353: 149-163.
• Takeda F (1999a) Strawberry production in soilless culture systems. Acta Horticulture 481: 289-295.
• Takeda F (1999b) Out-of-season greenhouse strawberry production in soilless substrate. Advances Strawberry Research 18: 4-15.
• Takeda F, Hokanson SC (2003) Strawberry fruit and plug plant production in the greenhouse. Acta Horticulturae 626: 283-285.
• Tropea (1990) The control of strawberry plants nutrition in the sack culture. Isosc prooceding, 22: 477-484.
• Türemis N, Kaska N, Kafkas S, Comlekcioglu N (1997) Comparison of yield and quality of strawberry cultivars using frigo plants and fresh runners rooted in pots (1993-1994 growing season) Acta Horticulturae 439: 537-542.
• Van Os EA (1999) Closed soilless growing systems: A sustainable solution for Dutch greenhouse horticulture. Water Science and Technology 39: 105- 112.
• Vansickle J, Brewster C, Spreen TH (2000) Impact of methly bromide on the U.S vegetable industry. Florida Agricultural Exp Experiment Station Bulletin 28: 333-338.
• Vasilakakis M, Alexandridis A, Fadl SE, Anagnostou K (2008) Effect of substrate (new or used perlite), plant orientation on the coloumn and irrigation frequency on strawberry plant productivity and fruit quality.yhttp://ressources.ciheam.org/om/pdf/c31/CI020857.pdf Accessed 25 July 2008.