Yeme Arzusu ve Yeme Tutumu İlişkisinde Beden İmgesi Baş Edebilme Stratejilerinin Aracı Rolü

Yıl 2023, , 119 - 138, 31.03.2023

Zeliha Traş Gülden Gökçen

https://doi.org/10.38151/akef.2023.47

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, yeme arzusu ve yeme tutumu düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide beden imgesi baş edebilme stratejilerinin aracılık rolüne ilişkin geliştirilen teorik modelin test edilmesidir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 18- 40 yaş aralığındaki (Ort.= 23.5) 372’si (%79) kadın, 99’u (%21) erkek olmak üzere toplam 471 kişi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak Yeme Arzusu Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Yeme Tutum Testi (YTT-26) ve Beden İmgesi Baş Edebilme Stratejileri Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada önerilen teorik model Yapısal Eşitlik Modeli ile test edilmiştir. Analizler sonucu elde edilen bulgular, yeme arzusu ile yeme tutumu ve beden imgesi baş edebilme stratejileri arasında pozitif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu yönündedir. Benzer şekilde beden imgesi baş edebilme stratejileri ile yeme tutumu arasında da pozitif bir ilişki bulunduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca beden imgesi baş edebilme stratejilerinin yeme arzusu ve yeme tutumu arasındaki ilişkide kısmi aracı değişken olarak rol oynadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuç da beden imgesi baş edebilme stratejilerinin önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Yeme Arzusu, Yeme Tutumu, Beden İmgesi Başdebilme Stratejileri

Kaynakça

• Abdella, H. M., El Farssi, H. O., Broom, D. R., Hadden, D. A., & Dalton, C. F. (2019). Eating behaviours and food cravings; influence of age, sex, BMI and FTO genotype. Nutrients, 11(2), 377.
• Abdullah, N. F., Hamirudin, A. H., Sidek, S., & Hassan, N. A. A. M. Food Craving and Symptoms of Premenstrual Syndrome Among University Students.
• Abilés, V., Rodríguez-Ruiz, S., Abilés, J., Mellado, C., García, A., Pérez de la Cruz, A., & Fernández-Santaella, M. C. (2010). Psychological characteristics of morbidly obese candidates for bariatric surgery. Obesity surgery, 20(2), 161-167.
• Acarer, E. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinde obsesif inanışlar ve beden imgesi ile baş etme stratejileri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü).
• Altan, A. (2001). Body image dissatisfaction, self-esteem and anxiety in plastic surgery patients. Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Boğaziçi Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İstanbul.
• Arabaci, L. B., Arslan, A. B., Dagli, D. A., & Tas, G. (2021). The relationship between university students' childhood traumas and their body image coping strategies as well as eating attitudes. Archives of psychiatric nursing, 35(1), 66-72.
• Arslanoğlu, E. (2015). Adölesan voleybolculara uygulanan yapılandırılmış grup müdahalesinin yeme tutumu, depresyon düzeyi, beden algısı ve benlik saygısı üzerine etkisi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü).
• Bailey, K. A., Lamarch, L., Gammage, K. L., & Sullivan, P. J. (2016). Self-objectification and the use of body image coping strategies: The role of shame in highly physically active women. The American journal of psychology, 129(1), 81-90.
• Berkman, E. T., Hutcherson, C. A., Livingston, J. L., Kahn, L. E., & Inzlicht, M. (2017). Self-control as value-based choice. Current directions in psychological science, 26(5), 422-428.
• Boswell, R. G., & Kober, H. (2016). Food cue reactivity and craving predict eating and weight gain: a meta‐analytic review. Obesity Reviews, 17(2), 159-177.
• Boswell, R. G., Sun, W., Suzuki, S., & Kober, H. (2018). Training in cognitive strategies reduces eating and improves food choice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115(48), E11238-E11247.
• Brownell, K. D., Farley, T., Willett, W. C., Popkin, B. M., Chaloupka, F. J., Thompson, J. W., & Ludwig, D. S. (2009). The public health and economic benefits of taxing sugar-sweetened beverages. New England journal of medicine, 361(16), 1599-1605.
• Callaghan, E. E. (2007). Achieving balance: A case study examination of an adolescent coping with life-limiting cancer. Journal of pediatric Oncology nursing, 24(6), 334-339.
• Cash, T. F. (2011). Cognitive-behavioral perspectives on body image. In T. F. Cash & L. Smolak (Eds.), Body image: A handbook of science, practice, and prevention (2nd ed., pp. 39–47).
• Cash, T. F., & Grasso, K. (2005). The norms and stability of new measures of the multidimensional body image construct. Body Image, 2(2), 199-203.
• Cash, T. F., Santos, M. T., & Williams, E. F. (2005). Coping with body-image threats and challenges: Validation of the Body Image Coping Strategies Inventory. Journal of psychosomatic research, 58(2), 190-199.
• Hawk Jr, L. W., Baschnagel, J. S., Ashare, R. L., & Epstein, L. H. (2004). Craving and startle modification during in vivo exposure to food cues. Appetite, 43(3), 285-294.
• Colton, A. (2009). Treating Bulimia Nerovsa and Binge Eating: An Integrated Metacognitive and Cognitive Therapy Manual, Myra Cooper, Gillian Todd and Adrian Wells, New York/London: Routledge, 2009. pp. 256.£ 22.99 (pb). ISBN: 978-1-58391-945-3. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 37(5), 599-600.
• Cooley, E., & Toray, T. (2001). Body image and personality predictors of eating disorder symptoms during the college years. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 30(1), 28-36.
• Cordero, E. D., & Israel, T. (2009). Parents as protective factors in eating problems of college women. Eating Disorders, 17(2), 146-161.
• Coşkun, Z. K. (2020). Anoreksiya Nervoza Tanısı Alan Kadınlarda Beden İmgesi ve Çocukluk Çağı Travmasının İncelenmesi (Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Arel Üniversitesi).
• Cota, D., Tschöp, M. H., Horvath, T. L., & Levine, A. S. (2006). Cannabinoids, opioids and eating behavior: the molecular face of hedonism?. Brain research reviews, 51(1), 85-107.
• Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik: SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları.
• Doğan, T., Sapmaz, F., & Totan, T. (2011). Beden imgesi baş etme stratejileri ölçeğinin Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 12(2), 121-129. Dyer, A., Borgmann, E., Kleindienst, N., Feldmann Jr, R. E., Vocks, S., & Bohus, M. (2013). Body image in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder after childhood sexual abuse and co-occurring eating disorder. Psychopathology, 46(3), 186-191.
• Ergüney-Okumuş, F. E., & Sertel-Berk, H. Ö. (2019). Yeme Tutum Testi kısa formunun (YTT-26) Üniversite örnekleminde Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi. Psikoloji Çalışmaları, 40(1), 57-78.
• Eskici, G. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi: Karantina için beslenme önerileri. Anatolian Clinic the Journal of Medical Sciences, 25(Special Issue on COVID 19), 124-129.
• Evans, E. H., Tovée, M. J., Boothroyd, L. G., & Drewett, R. F. (2013). Body dissatisfaction and disordered eating attitudes in 7-to 11-year-old girls: Testing a sociocultural model. Body image, 10(1), 8-15. Fahrenkamp, A. J., Darling, K. E., Ruzicka, E. B., & Sato, A. F. (2019). Food cravings and eating: the role of experiential avoidance. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(7), 1181.
• Farid, M., & Kamrani, M. A. (2016). The relationship between body image coping strategy and eating disorders among Iranian adolescent girls. Bali Medical Journal, 5(1), 17-22.
• Fazio, R. H. (1990). Multiple processes by which attitudes guide behavior: The MODE model as an integrative framework. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 23, pp. 75-109).
• Gardner, R. M. (1996). Methodological issues in assessment of the perceptual component of body image disturbance. British Journal of Psychology, 87(2), 327-337.
• Giuliani, N. R., Mann, T., Tomiyama, A. J., & Berkman, E. T. (2014). Neural systems underlying the reappraisal of personally craved foods. Journal of cognitive neuroscience, 26(7), 1390-1402.
• Greeno, C. G., Wing, R. R., & Shiffman, S. (2000). Binge antecedents in obese women with and without binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(1), 95.
• Gualdi‐Russo, E., Albertini, A., Argnani, L., Celenza, F., Nicolucci, M., & Toselli, S. (2008). Weight status and body image perception in Italian children. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 21(1), 39-45.
• Gupta, B., Yaduvanshi, R., Trivedi, J. K., & Nischal, A. (2012). A comparative study of body image and coping style in breast cancer patients. Delhi Psychiatry Journal, 15(1), 177-182.
• Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., Anderson, R., & Tatham, R. (2013). Multivariate Data Analysis. Essex, England. In: Pearson Education Limited.
• Harvey, K., Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2005). The nature of imagery processes underlying food cravings. British Journal of Health Psychology, 10(1), 49-56.
• Hill, A. J., Weaver, C. F., & Blundell, J. E. (1991). Food craving, dietary restraint and mood. Appetite, 17(3), 187-197.
• Hill, A. J. (2007). The psychology of food craving*: Symposium on ‘Molecular mechanisms and psychology of food intake’. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 66(2), 277-285.
• Hrabosky, J. I., Cash, T. F., Veale, D., Neziroglu, F., Soll, E. A., Garner, D. M., ... & Phillips, K. A. (2009). Multidimensional body image comparisons among patients with eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder, and clinical controls: a multisite study. Body image, 6(3), 155-163.
• Jansen, A. (1998). A learning model of binge eating: cue reactivity and cue exposure. Behaviour research and therapy, 36(3), 257-272.
• Karadağ, M. G., Elibol, E., Yıldıran, H., Akbulut, G., Çelik, M. G., Değirmenci, M., ... & Dinler, M. F. (2016). Sağlıklı yetişkin bireylerde yeme tutum ve ortorektik davranışlar ile obezite arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi. Gazi Medical Journal, 27(3).
• Karasar, N. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi: kavramlar, ilkeler, teknikler. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Kavanagh, D. J., Andrade, J., & May, J. (2005). Imaginary relish and exquisite torture: the elaborated intrusion theory of desire. Psychological review, 112(2), 446.
• Kemps, E., Tiggemann, M., & Hart, G. (2005). Chocolate cravings are susceptible to visuo-spatial interference. Eating Behaviors, 6(2), 101-107.
• Kemps, E., & Tiggemann, M. (2010). A cognitive experimental approach to understanding and reducing food cravings. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(2), 86-90.
• Kober, H., Kross, E. F., Mischel, W., Hart, C. L., & Ochsner, K. N. (2010). Regulation of craving by cognitive strategies in cigarette smokers. Drug and alcohol dependence, 106(1), 52-55.
• Lee, M., & Lee, J. H. (2021). Ambivalent Food Craving and Psychobiological Characteristics in Individuals With Weight Suppression. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 619025.
• Lovejoy, M. (2001). Disturbances in the social body: Differences in body image and eating problems among African American and white women. Gender & Society, 15(2), 239–261.
• Lowe MR, Butryn ML. Hedonic hunger: a new dimension of appetite? Physiol Behav. 2007 Jul 24;91(4):432-9. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2007.04.006. Epub 2007 Apr 12. PMID: 17531274.
• Mancuso, S. G. (2016). Body image inflexibility mediates the relationship between body image evaluation and maladaptive body image coping strategies. Body Image, 16, 28-31.
• Maner, F. (2001). Yeme bozuklukları. Psikiyatri Dünyası, 5(4), 130-139.
• Mann, T., & Ward, A. (2001). Forbidden fruit: Does thinking about a prohibited food lead to its consumption?. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 29(3), 319-327.
• May, J., Andrade, J., Kavanagh, D. J., & Hetherington, M. (2012). Elaborated intrusion theory: a cognitive-emotional theory of food craving. Current Obesity Reports, 1(2), 114-121.
• May, J., Andrade, J., Panabokke, N., & Kavanagh, D. (2004). Images of desire: Cognitive models of craving. Memory, 12(4), 447-461.
• May, J., Kavanagh, D. J., & Andrade, J. (2015). The elaborated intrusion theory of desire: a 10-year retrospective and implications for addiction treatments. Addictive Behaviors, 44, 29-34.
• McCrone, S., Dennis, K., Tomoyasu, N., & Carroll, J. (2000). A profile of early versus late onset of obesity in postmenopausal women. Journal of women's health & gender-based medicine, 9(9), 1007-1013.
• McEvoy, P. M., Stritzke, W. G., French, D. J., Lang, A. R., & Ketterman, R. (2004). Comparison of three models of alcohol craving in young adults: a cross‐validation. Addiction, 99(4), 482-497.
• Meule, A., Lutz, A., Vögele, C., & Kübler, A. (2012). Food cravings discriminate differentially between successful and unsuccessful dieters and non-dieters. Validation of the Food Cravings Questionnaires in German. Appetite, 58(1), 88-97.
• Meule, A., Westenhöfer, J., & Kübler, A. (2011). Food cravings mediate the relationship between rigid, but not flexible control of eating behavior and dieting success. Appetite, 57(3), 582-584.
• Meydan, C. M., & Şeşen, H. (2015). Yapısal eşitlik modellemesi AMOS uygulamaları.
• Myers, C. A., Martin, C. K., & Apolzan, J. W. (2018). Food cravings and body weight: a conditioning response. Current opinion in endocrinology, diabetes, and obesity, 25(5), 298.
• Nederkoorn, C., Smulders, F. T. Y., & Jansen, A. (2000). Cephalic phase responses, craving and food intake in normal subjects. Appetite, 35(1), 45-55.
• Neumark-Sztainer, D., Wall, M. M., Chen, C., Larson, N. I., Christoph, M. J., & Sherwood, N. E. (2018). Eating, activity, and weight-related problems from adolescence to adulthood. American journal of preventive medicine, 55(2), 133-141.
• Oliveira J, Cordás TA. The body asks and the mind judges: Food cravings in eating disorders. Encephale. 2020 Aug;46(4):269-282. doi: 10.1016/j.encep.2020.01.003. Epub 2020 Mar 6. PMID: 32151450.
• Pelchat, M. L., Johnson, A., Chan, R., Valdez, J., & Ragland, J. D. (2004). Images of desire: food-craving activation during fMRI. Neuroimage, 23(4), 1486-1493.
• Pelchat, M. L. (1997). Food cravings in young and elderly adults. Appetite, 28(2), 103-113.
• Polivy, J., Coleman, J., & Herman, C. P. (2005). The effect of deprivation on food cravings and eating behavior in restrained and unrestrained eaters. International Journal of Eating Disorders, 38(4), 301-309.
• Polivy, J., & Herman, C. P. (2002). Causes of eating disorders. Annual review of psychology, 53(1), 187-213.
• Preedy, V. R., Watson, R. R., & Martin, C. R. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of behavior, food and nutrition. Springer Science & Business Media.
• Rangel, A. (2013). Regulation of dietary choice by the decision-making circuitry. Nature neuroscience, 16(12), 1717-1724.
• Richard, A., Meule, A., Reichenberger, J., & Blechert, J. (2017). Food cravings in everyday life: An EMA study on snack-related thoughts, cravings, and consumption. Appetite, 113, 215-223.
• Sağır, L. (2021). Yeme Tutumu, Ayrılık Anksiyetesi ve Yetişkin Ayrılık Anksiyetesi Arasındaki İlişki, Demiroğlu Bilim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Uygulamalı Psikoloji Yüksek Lisansı.
• Sanci, L., Coffey, C., Olsson, C., Reid, S., Carlin, J. B., & Patton, G. (2008). Childhood sexual abuse and eating disorders in females: findings from the Victorian Adolescent Health Cohort Study. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 162(3), 261-267.
• Serin, Y., & Şanlıer, N. (2018). Duygusal yeme, besin alımını etkileyen faktörler ve temel hemşirelik yaklaşımları. Psikiyatri Hemşireliği Dergisi, 9(2), 135-146.
• Simon, D., Kriston, L., Loh, A., Spies, C., Scheibler, F., Wills, C., & Härter, M. (2010). Confirmatory factor analysis and recommendations for improvement of the Autonomy‐Preference‐Index (API). Health expectations, 13(3), 234-243.
• Stein, C. M., Morris, N. J., Hall, N. B., & Nock, N. L. (2017). Structural equation modeling. In Statistical Human Genetics (pp. 557-580). Humana Press, New York, NY.
• Stice, E. (2002). Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review. Psychological bulletin, 128(5), 825.
• Stopyra, M. A., Friederich, H. C., Sailer, S., Pauen, S., Bendszus, M., Herzog, W., & Simon, J. J. (2021). The effect of intestinal glucose load on neural regulation of food craving. Nutritional neuroscience, 24(2), 109-118.
• Sun, W., & Kober, H. (2020). Regulating food craving: From mechanisms to interventions. Physiology & behavior, 222, 112878.
• Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2014). Using multivariate statistics (New International ed.). Harlow: Pearson.
• Tamini, B. K., Rahdar, Z., & Kahrazei, F. (2015). The relationship between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and body image in boy and girl high school students. Psychology, 6(10), 1323.
• Thompson, J. K., Heinberg, L. J., Altabe, M., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. (1999). Exacting beauty: Theory, assessment, and treatment of body image disturbance: American Psychological Association
• Timko, C. A., Juarascio, A. S., Martin, L. M., Faherty, A., & Kalodner, C. (2014). Body image avoidance: An under-explored yet important factor in the relationship between body image dissatisfaction and disordered eating. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, 3(3), 203-211.
• Traş, Z., & Gökçen, G. (2021). Yeme Arzusu Ölçeği Kısa Formunun Türk Kültürüne Uyarlanması: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması. Ahmet Keleşoğlu Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 3(2), 200-215.
• van den Akker, K., Havermans, R. C., & Jansen, A. (2017). Appetitive conditioning to specific times of day. Appetite, 116, 232-238.
• Volkow, N. D., & Wise, R. A. (2005). How can drug addiction help us understand obesity?. Nature neuroscience, 8(5), 555-560.
• Wade, T. D., & Tiggemann, M. (2013). The role of perfectionism in body dissatisfaction. Journal of eating disorders, 1(1), 1-6.
• Walker, D. C., & Murray, A. D. (2012). Body image behaviors: Checking, fixing, and avoiding.
• Wiers, R. W., & Stacy, A. W. (2006). Implicit cognition and addiction. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 15(6), 292-296.
• Yokum, S., & Stice, E. (2013). Cognitive regulation of food craving: effects of three cognitive reappraisal strategies on neural response to palatable foods. International journal of obesity, 37(12), 1565-1570.
• Zellner, D. A., Garriga-Trillo, A., Rohm, E., Centeno, S., & Parker, S. (1999). Food liking and craving: A cross-cultural approach. Appetite, 33(1), 61-70.