Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Sağlık İletişimi Kampanyaları: Obezite Temalı Kampanya Afişlerinin Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi

Yıl 2022, , 23 - 44, 07.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1144612

Öz

Sağlık alanında yürütülen iletişim kampanyaları farkındalık oluşturma, önleyicilik, riskleri azaltma, mevcut sorunları çözme bağlamında dikkat çekmektedir. Sağlık iletişiminin dikkat çekme, farkındalık oluşturma, tutumları etkileme gibi temel işlevleri halkla ilişkiler alanını da yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda iletişim dilini, söylemini ve içeriğini kamu yararı odağında tasarlayan sağlık iletişimi kampanyaları, obezite gibi gündelik yaşamı doğrudan etkileyen sorunlar söz konusu olduğunda göstergebilimsel belleği harekete geçirebilmektedir. Obeziteyi resmeden, çerçeveleyen sağlık iletişim kampanyaları sorunun toplumsal arka planını, görsel ve sosyal algıya yönelik etkisini çözümlemek açısından büyük değer taşımaktadır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmayla bir “işaret sistemi” ve “anlamın birlikte üretimi” olan göstergebilimsel çözümleme çerçevesinde dijital ortamda yer alan obezite konulu afişler değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre obeziteyi ve obez bireyleri stereotipler üzerinden çerçeveleyen göstergeler, çocukları ve onların ebeveynini hedeflemekte olup göstergeler minimalist tasarım, metaforik kodlar ve olumsuz duygu gösterilenleriyle öne çıkmaktadır. Obeziteyi beden merkezli konumlandıran ve bunu metalar aracılığıyla anlatmaya çalışan göstergeler, kamu dikkatini çekme veya farkındalık oluşturma çabasını kültürel arka planla desteklemektedir.

Destekleyen Kurum

Yok

Proje Numarası

Yok

Teşekkür

Sayın editör, teşekkür eder, iyi çalışmalar dileriz.

Kaynakça

  • Aiello, G. (2006). Theoretical Advances in Critical Visual Analysis: Perception, Ideology, Mythologies, and Social Semiotics. Journal of Visual Literacy, 26(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/23796529.2006.11674635.
  • Atkin, C. A. (2001). Theory and Principles of Media Health Campaigns. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public Communication Campaigns (pp. 49-68). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Bailey, R. L., Wang, T. & Kaiser, C. K. (2018). Clash of the Primary Motivations: Motivated Processing of Emotionally Experienced Content in Fear Appeals About Obesity Prevention. Health Communication, 33(2), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1250186.
  • Bozpolat, C. & Cömert, Y. (2016). Sağlık Sektöründe Sosyal Pazarlama Uygulamaları: Obezite İle Mücadele Kampanyası Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 6(1), 43-64.
  • Broom, D. H. & Warin, M. (2011). Gendered and Class Relations of Obesity: Confusing Findings, Deficient Explanations. Australian Feminist Studies, 26(70), 453-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2011.621177.
  • Campbell C. & Scott K. (2011). Mediated Health Campaigns: From Information to Social Change. In Hook D., Franks B. & Bauer M.W. (Eds.) The Social Psychology of Communication (pp. 266-283). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Coffman, J. (2002). Public Communication Campaign Evaluation: An Environmental Scan of Challenges, Criticisms, Practice and Opportunities. Cambridge: Harvard Family Research Project.
  • Crawford, E. & Okigbo, C. (2014). Strategic Communication Campaigns. In C. Okigbo (Ed.), Strategic Urban Health Communication (pp. 11-23). New York: Springer.
  • Crosnoe, R. (2007). Gender, Obesity, and Education. Sociology of Education, 80(3), 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070708000303.
  • Crossley, N. (2004). Fat is a Sociological Issue: Obesity Rates in Late Modern,‘Body-Conscious’ Societies. Social Theory & Health, 2(3), 222-253. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700030.
  • Culler, J. (1976). Saussure. London: Fontana Press.
  • David, C. (2001). Mythmaking in Annual Reports. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 15(2), 195-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/105065190101500203.
  • Dutta, M. J. & de Souza, R. (2008). The Past, Present, and Future of Health Development Campaigns: Reflexivity and the Critical-Cultural Approach. Health Communication, 23(4), 326-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230802229704.
  • Eagle, L., Bulmer, S., De Bruin, A. & Kitchen, P. J. (2004). Exploring the Link Between Obesity and Advertising in New Zealand. Journal of Marketing Communications, 10(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/1352726042000207199.
  • Garrett, R. & Wrench, A. (2012). ‘Society Has Taught Us to Judge’: Cultures of the Body in Teacher Education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(2), 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2012.669826.
  • Gibbons, F. X. & Gerrard, M. (1997). Health Images and Their Effects on Health Behavior. In B. P. Buunk and F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, Coping, and Well-Being: Perspectives From Social Comparison Theory (pp. 63-94). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Gilman, S. L. (2008). Fat: A Cultural History of Obesity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Gluck, M. (1998). Content Analysis, Semiotics, and Social Semiotics for Cartographic Analysis: Interpreting Geospatial Representations. Cartographic Perspectives, 31, 4-25.
  • Gracia-Arnaiz, M. (2010). Fat Bodies and Thin Bodies. Cultural, Biomedical and Market Discourses on Obesity. Appetite, 55(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.06.002.
  • Guillemin, M. (2004). Understanding Illness: Using Drawings as a Research Method. Qualitative Health Research, 14(2), 272-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303260445.
  • Haider, M. & Rogers, E. M. (2005). Introduction: An Overview of Health Communication – Utility, Value, and Challenges. In M. Haider (Ed.), Global Public Health Communication: Challenges, Perspectives, and Strategies (pp. xxvii-xxxvii). Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  • Hansen, A. & Machin, D. (2013). Researching Visual Environmental Communication. Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 7(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2013.785441.
  • Harriger, J. A. & Thompson, J. K. (2012). Psychological Consequences of Obesity: Weight Bias and Body Image in Overweight and Obese Youth. International Review of Psychiatry, 24(3), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.678817.
  • Hendriks, H., van den Putte, B., de Bruijn, G. J. & de Vreese, C. H. (2014). Predicting Health: The Interplay Between Interpersonal Communication and Health Campaigns. Journal of Health Communication, 19(5), 625-636. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.837552.
  • Heuer, C. A., McClure, K. J. & Puhl, R. M. (2011). Obesity Stigma in Online News: A Visual Content Analysis. Journal of Health Communication, 16(9), 976-987. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.561915.
  • Hook, D. & Glaveanu, V. P. (2013). Image Analysis: An Interactive Approach to Compositional Elements. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 10(4), 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2012.674175.
  • Huggins, M. (2015). The Visual in Sport History: Approaches, Methodologies and Sources. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 32(15), 1813-1830. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1108969.
  • Joffe, H. (2008). The Power of Visual Material: Persuasion, Emotion and Identification. Diogenes, 55(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0392192107087919.
  • Johnstone, G. & Grant, S. L. (2018). Weight Stigmatisation in Antiobesity Campaigns: The Role of Images. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 30(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.183.
  • Karabıyık-Yerden, N. (2019). Sağlıklı Yaşam Pazarlaması Açısından Kamu Spotları:“Obezite ile Mücadele Hareketi Kampanyası” Örnek Olay İncelemesi. Journal of Health and Sport Sciences, 2(3), 109-117.
  • Karnani, A., McFerran, B. & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2014). Leanwashing: A Hidden Factor in the Obesity Crisis. California Management Review, 56(4), 5-30. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.56.4.5.
  • Kim, K. L. (1996). Caged in Our Own Signs: A Book About Semiotics. Advances in Discourse Processes. Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.
  • King, A. J. (2015). A Content Analysis of Visual Cancer Information: Prevalence and Use of Photographs and Illustrations in Printed Health Materials. Health Communication, 30(7), 722-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.878778.
  • L’Etang, J. (2006). Public Relations in Sport, Health and Tourism. In J. L’Etang & M. Pieczka (Eds), Public Relations: Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice (pp. 241-262). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Lobstein, T. & Baur, L. A. (2005). Policies to Prevent Childhood Obesity in the European Union. The European Journal of Public Health, 15(6), 576-579. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki068.
  • Lupton, D. (2014). “How Do You Measure Up?” Assumptions About “Obesity” and Health-Related Behaviors and Beliefs in Two Australian “Obesity” Prevention Campaigns. Fat Studies, 3(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2013.784050.
  • Lupton, D. (2015). The Pedagogy of Disgust: The Ethical, Moral and Political Implications of Using Disgust in Public Health Campaigns. Critical Public Health, 25(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2014.885115.
  • McClure, K. J., Puhl, R. M. & Heuer, C. A. (2011). Obesity in the News: Do Photographic Images of Obese Persons Influence Antifat Attitudes?. Journal of Health Communication, 16(4), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2010.535108.
  • McWhirter, J. E. & Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2014). A Systematic Review of Visual Image Theory, Assessment, and Use in Skin Cancer and Tanning Research. Journal of Health Communication, 19(6), 738-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.837562.
  • Messaris P. (1997). Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Messaris P. & Abraham, L. (2001). The Role of Images in Framing Stories. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Jr Gandy O. &A. E. Grant (Eds). Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World (pp. 215-226). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Miles, A., Rapoport, L., Wardle, J., Afuape, T. & Duman, M. (2001). Using the Mass-Media to Target Obesity: An Analysis of the Characteristics and Reported Behaviour Change of Participants in the BBC’s Fighting Fat, Fighting Fit’ Campaign. Health Education Research, 16(3), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/16.3.357.
  • Moriarty, S. (2005). Visual Semiotics Theory. In K. Smith, S. Moriarty, G. Barbatsis, & K. Kenney (Eds.), Handbook of Visual Communication Research: Theory, Methods, and Media. (pp. 227-242). LEA’s communication series. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
  • Noar, S. M. (2009). Challenges in Evaluating Health Communication Campaigns: Defining the Issues. Communication Methods and Measures, 3(1-2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450902809367.
  • O’Sullivan, T., Hartley, J., Saunders, D., Montgomery, M. & Fiske, J. (1994). Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge.
  • Osborne, H. (2006). Health Literacy: How Visuals Can Help Tell the Healthcare Story. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 29(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01405110600772830.
  • Peña, M. (2016). American Mythologies: Semiological Sketches. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Penn, G. (2005). Semiotic Analysis of Still Images. In M.W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.). Qualitative Researching With Text, Image, and Sound: A Practical Handbook (pp. 227-245). London, UK: Sage.
  • Perloff, R. M. (2010). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge.
  • Piggin, J. & Lee, J. (2011). ‘Don’t Mention Obesity’: Contradictions and Tensions in The UK Change4Life Health Promotion Campaign. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(8), 1151-1164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311401771.
  • Pratt, C. B. (2007). Crafting Campaign Themes (and Slogans) for Preventing Overweight and Obesity. Public Relations Quarterly, 52(2), 2–8.
  • Puhl, R. M. & Heuer, C. A. (2009). The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update. Obesity, 17(5), 941-964. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.636.
  • Puhl, R., Luedicke, J. & Peterson, J. L. (2013a). Public Reactions to Obesity-Related Health Campaigns: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(1), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.02.010.
  • Puhl, R., Peterson, J. L. & Luedicke, J. (2013b). Fighting Obesity or Obese Persons? Public Perceptions of Obesity-Related Health Messages. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.156.
  • Raaphorst, K., Duchhart, I., Van Der Knaap, W., Roeleveld, G. & Van Den Brink, A. (2017). The Semiotics of Land- scape Design Communication: Towards A Critical Visual Research Approach in Landscape Architecture. Landscape Research, 42(1), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1257706.
  • Rogers, E. M. & Storey, J. D. ( 1987 ). Communication Campaigns. In C. R. Berger & S. H. Chafee (Eds.), Handbook of Communication Science (pp. 817-846 ). London: Sage.
  • Saguy, A. & Almeling, R. (2008). Fat in the Fire? Science, the News Media, and the “Obesity Epidemic.” Sociological Forum, 23(1), 53-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00399.x-i1.
  • Saussure, F. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. (W. Baskin, trans.). New York, NY: Philosophical Library.
  • Schvey, N. A., Puhl, R. M., Levandoski, K. A. & Brownell, K. D. (2013). The Influence of a Defendant’s Body Weight on Perceptions of Guilt. International Journal of Obesity, 37(9), 1275–1281. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.211.
  • Seo, K., Dillard, J. P. & Shen, F. (2013). The Effects of Message Framing and Visual Image on Persuasion. Communication Quarterly, 61(5), 564-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2013.822403.
  • Shen, F., Sheer, V. C. & Li, R. (2015). Impact of Narratives on Persuasion in Health Communication: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Advertising, 44(2), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2015.1018467.
  • Smith, R. A. (2007). Language of the Lost: An Explication of Stigma Communication. Communication Theory, 17(4), 462–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00307.x.
  • Snyder, L. B. (2007). Health Communication Campaigns and Their Impact on Behavior. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(2), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2006.09.004.
  • Spark, A. (2007). Nutrition in Public Health: Principles, Policies, and Practice. New York: CRC Press.
  • Viswanath, K. & Bond, K. (2007). Social Determinants and Nutrition: Reflections on the Role of Communication. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(2), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2006.07.008.
  • Wakefield, M. A., Loken, B. & Hornik, R. C. (2010). Use of Mass Media Campaigns to Change Health Behaviour. Lancet, 376, 1261-1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60809-4.
  • Watson, H. & McCormack, J. (2016). Eating Disorders and Obesity: Conflict and Common Ground in Health Promotion and Prevention. In R. Ahmed & B. R. Bates (Eds.), Health Communication and Mass Media: An Integrated Approach to Policy and Practice (pp. 211-228). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Wilborn, C., Beckham, J., Campbell, B., Harvey, T., Galbreath, M., La Bounty, P., Nassar, E., Wismann, J. & Kreider, R. (2005). Obesity: Prevalence, Theories, Medical Consequences, Management, and Research Directions. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2(2), 4-31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-4.
  • Yoo, H. J. (2014). Obesity: Overview. In T. L. Thompson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Health Communication (pp. 965-972). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Young, R., Hinnant, A. & Leshner, G. (2016). Individual and Social Determinants of Obesity in Strategic Health Messages: Interaction With Political Ideology. Health Communication, 31(7), 903-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1018699.
  • Zhao, X. & Belk, R. W. (2008). Advertising Consumer Culture in 1930s Shanghai: Globalization and Localization in Yue-fenpai. Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367370204.
  • Berger, A. A. (2022). “Cultural Criticism: Semiotics and Cultural Criticism”. https://www.dartmouth.edu/~engl5vr/Berger.html adresinden 10.11.2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Cambridge Dictionary (2022). “Metaphor”. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/metaphor adresinden 10.11.2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • World Health Organization (2022). “Obesity”. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 adresinden 26.11.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.

Health Communication Campaigns: Semiotic Analysis of Obesity-Themed Campaign Posters

Yıl 2022, , 23 - 44, 07.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1144612

Öz

The communicative campaigns carried out in the field of health draw attention in the context of raising awareness, prevention, reducing risks and solving existing problems. The basic functions of health communication such as attracting attention, raising awareness and influencing attitudes are closely related to the field of public relations. Health communication campaigns that design the language, discourse and content of communication with a focus on public benefit. In this context, health communication campaigns can activate semiotic memory when it comes to problems that directly affect daily life, such as obesity. Health communication campaigns on obesity are valuable in order to analyze the social background of the problem and its effect on visual and social perception. In this direction, posters on obesity in the digital environment are evaluated within the framework of semiotic analysis, which is a “sign system” and “co-production of meaning.” According to the results of the research, signs framing obesity and obese individuals through stereotypes target children and their parents. Also signs stand out with their minimalist design, metaphoric codes and negative emotion signified. Signs that position obesity as body-centered and try to explain it through commodities support the effort of attracting public attention or raising awareness with a cultural background.

Proje Numarası

Yok

Kaynakça

  • Aiello, G. (2006). Theoretical Advances in Critical Visual Analysis: Perception, Ideology, Mythologies, and Social Semiotics. Journal of Visual Literacy, 26(2), 89-102. https://doi.org/10.1080/23796529.2006.11674635.
  • Atkin, C. A. (2001). Theory and Principles of Media Health Campaigns. In R. E. Rice & C. K. Atkin (Eds.), Public Communication Campaigns (pp. 49-68). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Bailey, R. L., Wang, T. & Kaiser, C. K. (2018). Clash of the Primary Motivations: Motivated Processing of Emotionally Experienced Content in Fear Appeals About Obesity Prevention. Health Communication, 33(2), 111-121. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2016.1250186.
  • Bozpolat, C. & Cömert, Y. (2016). Sağlık Sektöründe Sosyal Pazarlama Uygulamaları: Obezite İle Mücadele Kampanyası Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi, 6(1), 43-64.
  • Broom, D. H. & Warin, M. (2011). Gendered and Class Relations of Obesity: Confusing Findings, Deficient Explanations. Australian Feminist Studies, 26(70), 453-467. https://doi.org/10.1080/08164649.2011.621177.
  • Campbell C. & Scott K. (2011). Mediated Health Campaigns: From Information to Social Change. In Hook D., Franks B. & Bauer M.W. (Eds.) The Social Psychology of Communication (pp. 266-283). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
  • Coffman, J. (2002). Public Communication Campaign Evaluation: An Environmental Scan of Challenges, Criticisms, Practice and Opportunities. Cambridge: Harvard Family Research Project.
  • Crawford, E. & Okigbo, C. (2014). Strategic Communication Campaigns. In C. Okigbo (Ed.), Strategic Urban Health Communication (pp. 11-23). New York: Springer.
  • Crosnoe, R. (2007). Gender, Obesity, and Education. Sociology of Education, 80(3), 241-260. https://doi.org/10.1177/003804070708000303.
  • Crossley, N. (2004). Fat is a Sociological Issue: Obesity Rates in Late Modern,‘Body-Conscious’ Societies. Social Theory & Health, 2(3), 222-253. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.sth.8700030.
  • Culler, J. (1976). Saussure. London: Fontana Press.
  • David, C. (2001). Mythmaking in Annual Reports. Journal of Business and Technical Communication, 15(2), 195-222. https://doi.org/10.1177/105065190101500203.
  • Dutta, M. J. & de Souza, R. (2008). The Past, Present, and Future of Health Development Campaigns: Reflexivity and the Critical-Cultural Approach. Health Communication, 23(4), 326-339. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410230802229704.
  • Eagle, L., Bulmer, S., De Bruin, A. & Kitchen, P. J. (2004). Exploring the Link Between Obesity and Advertising in New Zealand. Journal of Marketing Communications, 10(1), 49-67. https://doi.org/10.1080/1352726042000207199.
  • Garrett, R. & Wrench, A. (2012). ‘Society Has Taught Us to Judge’: Cultures of the Body in Teacher Education. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 40(2), 111-126. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2012.669826.
  • Gibbons, F. X. & Gerrard, M. (1997). Health Images and Their Effects on Health Behavior. In B. P. Buunk and F. X. Gibbons (Eds.), Health, Coping, and Well-Being: Perspectives From Social Comparison Theory (pp. 63-94). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Gilman, S. L. (2008). Fat: A Cultural History of Obesity. Cambridge: Polity Press.
  • Gluck, M. (1998). Content Analysis, Semiotics, and Social Semiotics for Cartographic Analysis: Interpreting Geospatial Representations. Cartographic Perspectives, 31, 4-25.
  • Gracia-Arnaiz, M. (2010). Fat Bodies and Thin Bodies. Cultural, Biomedical and Market Discourses on Obesity. Appetite, 55(2), 219-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2010.06.002.
  • Guillemin, M. (2004). Understanding Illness: Using Drawings as a Research Method. Qualitative Health Research, 14(2), 272-289. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732303260445.
  • Haider, M. & Rogers, E. M. (2005). Introduction: An Overview of Health Communication – Utility, Value, and Challenges. In M. Haider (Ed.), Global Public Health Communication: Challenges, Perspectives, and Strategies (pp. xxvii-xxxvii). Sudbury: Jones & Bartlett Publishers.
  • Hansen, A. & Machin, D. (2013). Researching Visual Environmental Communication. Environmental Communication: A Journal of Nature and Culture, 7(2), 151-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2013.785441.
  • Harriger, J. A. & Thompson, J. K. (2012). Psychological Consequences of Obesity: Weight Bias and Body Image in Overweight and Obese Youth. International Review of Psychiatry, 24(3), 247-253. https://doi.org/10.3109/09540261.2012.678817.
  • Hendriks, H., van den Putte, B., de Bruijn, G. J. & de Vreese, C. H. (2014). Predicting Health: The Interplay Between Interpersonal Communication and Health Campaigns. Journal of Health Communication, 19(5), 625-636. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.837552.
  • Heuer, C. A., McClure, K. J. & Puhl, R. M. (2011). Obesity Stigma in Online News: A Visual Content Analysis. Journal of Health Communication, 16(9), 976-987. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2011.561915.
  • Hook, D. & Glaveanu, V. P. (2013). Image Analysis: An Interactive Approach to Compositional Elements. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 10(4), 355-368. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780887.2012.674175.
  • Huggins, M. (2015). The Visual in Sport History: Approaches, Methodologies and Sources. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 32(15), 1813-1830. https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2015.1108969.
  • Joffe, H. (2008). The Power of Visual Material: Persuasion, Emotion and Identification. Diogenes, 55(1), 84-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0392192107087919.
  • Johnstone, G. & Grant, S. L. (2018). Weight Stigmatisation in Antiobesity Campaigns: The Role of Images. Health Promotion Journal of Australia, 30(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/hpja.183.
  • Karabıyık-Yerden, N. (2019). Sağlıklı Yaşam Pazarlaması Açısından Kamu Spotları:“Obezite ile Mücadele Hareketi Kampanyası” Örnek Olay İncelemesi. Journal of Health and Sport Sciences, 2(3), 109-117.
  • Karnani, A., McFerran, B. & Mukhopadhyay, A. (2014). Leanwashing: A Hidden Factor in the Obesity Crisis. California Management Review, 56(4), 5-30. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2014.56.4.5.
  • Kim, K. L. (1996). Caged in Our Own Signs: A Book About Semiotics. Advances in Discourse Processes. Westport, CT: Ablex Publishing.
  • King, A. J. (2015). A Content Analysis of Visual Cancer Information: Prevalence and Use of Photographs and Illustrations in Printed Health Materials. Health Communication, 30(7), 722-731. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2013.878778.
  • L’Etang, J. (2006). Public Relations in Sport, Health and Tourism. In J. L’Etang & M. Pieczka (Eds), Public Relations: Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice (pp. 241-262). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Lobstein, T. & Baur, L. A. (2005). Policies to Prevent Childhood Obesity in the European Union. The European Journal of Public Health, 15(6), 576-579. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/cki068.
  • Lupton, D. (2014). “How Do You Measure Up?” Assumptions About “Obesity” and Health-Related Behaviors and Beliefs in Two Australian “Obesity” Prevention Campaigns. Fat Studies, 3(1), 32-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/21604851.2013.784050.
  • Lupton, D. (2015). The Pedagogy of Disgust: The Ethical, Moral and Political Implications of Using Disgust in Public Health Campaigns. Critical Public Health, 25(1), 4-14. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2014.885115.
  • McClure, K. J., Puhl, R. M. & Heuer, C. A. (2011). Obesity in the News: Do Photographic Images of Obese Persons Influence Antifat Attitudes?. Journal of Health Communication, 16(4), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2010.535108.
  • McWhirter, J. E. & Hoffman-Goetz, L. (2014). A Systematic Review of Visual Image Theory, Assessment, and Use in Skin Cancer and Tanning Research. Journal of Health Communication, 19(6), 738-757. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2013.837562.
  • Messaris P. (1997). Visual Persuasion: The Role of Images in Advertising. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Messaris P. & Abraham, L. (2001). The Role of Images in Framing Stories. In S. D. Reese, O. H. Jr Gandy O. &A. E. Grant (Eds). Framing Public Life: Perspectives on Media and Our Understanding of the Social World (pp. 215-226). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
  • Miles, A., Rapoport, L., Wardle, J., Afuape, T. & Duman, M. (2001). Using the Mass-Media to Target Obesity: An Analysis of the Characteristics and Reported Behaviour Change of Participants in the BBC’s Fighting Fat, Fighting Fit’ Campaign. Health Education Research, 16(3), 357-372. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/16.3.357.
  • Moriarty, S. (2005). Visual Semiotics Theory. In K. Smith, S. Moriarty, G. Barbatsis, & K. Kenney (Eds.), Handbook of Visual Communication Research: Theory, Methods, and Media. (pp. 227-242). LEA’s communication series. Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum.
  • Noar, S. M. (2009). Challenges in Evaluating Health Communication Campaigns: Defining the Issues. Communication Methods and Measures, 3(1-2), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450902809367.
  • O’Sullivan, T., Hartley, J., Saunders, D., Montgomery, M. & Fiske, J. (1994). Key Concepts in Communication and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge.
  • Osborne, H. (2006). Health Literacy: How Visuals Can Help Tell the Healthcare Story. Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine, 29(1), 28-32. https://doi.org/10.1080/01405110600772830.
  • Peña, M. (2016). American Mythologies: Semiological Sketches. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Penn, G. (2005). Semiotic Analysis of Still Images. In M.W. Bauer & G. Gaskell (Eds.). Qualitative Researching With Text, Image, and Sound: A Practical Handbook (pp. 227-245). London, UK: Sage.
  • Perloff, R. M. (2010). The Dynamics of Persuasion: Communication and Attitudes in the 21st Century. New York: Routledge.
  • Piggin, J. & Lee, J. (2011). ‘Don’t Mention Obesity’: Contradictions and Tensions in The UK Change4Life Health Promotion Campaign. Journal of Health Psychology, 16(8), 1151-1164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105311401771.
  • Pratt, C. B. (2007). Crafting Campaign Themes (and Slogans) for Preventing Overweight and Obesity. Public Relations Quarterly, 52(2), 2–8.
  • Puhl, R. M. & Heuer, C. A. (2009). The Stigma of Obesity: A Review and Update. Obesity, 17(5), 941-964. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.636.
  • Puhl, R., Luedicke, J. & Peterson, J. L. (2013a). Public Reactions to Obesity-Related Health Campaigns: A Randomized Controlled Trial. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(1), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2013.02.010.
  • Puhl, R., Peterson, J. L. & Luedicke, J. (2013b). Fighting Obesity or Obese Persons? Public Perceptions of Obesity-Related Health Messages. International Journal of Obesity, 37(6), 774-782. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.156.
  • Raaphorst, K., Duchhart, I., Van Der Knaap, W., Roeleveld, G. & Van Den Brink, A. (2017). The Semiotics of Land- scape Design Communication: Towards A Critical Visual Research Approach in Landscape Architecture. Landscape Research, 42(1), 120-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/01426397.2016.1257706.
  • Rogers, E. M. & Storey, J. D. ( 1987 ). Communication Campaigns. In C. R. Berger & S. H. Chafee (Eds.), Handbook of Communication Science (pp. 817-846 ). London: Sage.
  • Saguy, A. & Almeling, R. (2008). Fat in the Fire? Science, the News Media, and the “Obesity Epidemic.” Sociological Forum, 23(1), 53-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.2004.00399.x-i1.
  • Saussure, F. (1959). Course in General Linguistics. (W. Baskin, trans.). New York, NY: Philosophical Library.
  • Schvey, N. A., Puhl, R. M., Levandoski, K. A. & Brownell, K. D. (2013). The Influence of a Defendant’s Body Weight on Perceptions of Guilt. International Journal of Obesity, 37(9), 1275–1281. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2012.211.
  • Seo, K., Dillard, J. P. & Shen, F. (2013). The Effects of Message Framing and Visual Image on Persuasion. Communication Quarterly, 61(5), 564-583. https://doi.org/10.1080/01463373.2013.822403.
  • Shen, F., Sheer, V. C. & Li, R. (2015). Impact of Narratives on Persuasion in Health Communication: A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Advertising, 44(2), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913367.2015.1018467.
  • Smith, R. A. (2007). Language of the Lost: An Explication of Stigma Communication. Communication Theory, 17(4), 462–485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2885.2007.00307.x.
  • Snyder, L. B. (2007). Health Communication Campaigns and Their Impact on Behavior. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(2), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2006.09.004.
  • Spark, A. (2007). Nutrition in Public Health: Principles, Policies, and Practice. New York: CRC Press.
  • Viswanath, K. & Bond, K. (2007). Social Determinants and Nutrition: Reflections on the Role of Communication. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 39(2), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2006.07.008.
  • Wakefield, M. A., Loken, B. & Hornik, R. C. (2010). Use of Mass Media Campaigns to Change Health Behaviour. Lancet, 376, 1261-1271. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60809-4.
  • Watson, H. & McCormack, J. (2016). Eating Disorders and Obesity: Conflict and Common Ground in Health Promotion and Prevention. In R. Ahmed & B. R. Bates (Eds.), Health Communication and Mass Media: An Integrated Approach to Policy and Practice (pp. 211-228). Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge.
  • Wilborn, C., Beckham, J., Campbell, B., Harvey, T., Galbreath, M., La Bounty, P., Nassar, E., Wismann, J. & Kreider, R. (2005). Obesity: Prevalence, Theories, Medical Consequences, Management, and Research Directions. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2(2), 4-31. https://doi.org/10.1186/1550-2783-2-2-4.
  • Yoo, H. J. (2014). Obesity: Overview. In T. L. Thompson (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Health Communication (pp. 965-972). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  • Young, R., Hinnant, A. & Leshner, G. (2016). Individual and Social Determinants of Obesity in Strategic Health Messages: Interaction With Political Ideology. Health Communication, 31(7), 903-910. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2015.1018699.
  • Zhao, X. & Belk, R. W. (2008). Advertising Consumer Culture in 1930s Shanghai: Globalization and Localization in Yue-fenpai. Journal of Advertising, 37(2), 45-56. https://doi.org/10.2753/JOA0091-3367370204.
  • Berger, A. A. (2022). “Cultural Criticism: Semiotics and Cultural Criticism”. https://www.dartmouth.edu/~engl5vr/Berger.html adresinden 10.11.2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • Cambridge Dictionary (2022). “Metaphor”. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/metaphor adresinden 10.11.2022 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
  • World Health Organization (2022). “Obesity”. https://www.who.int/health-topics/obesity#tab=tab_1 adresinden 26.11.2021 tarihinde erişilmiştir.
Toplam 74 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ali Arıcı 0000-0003-4027-8288

Özgür Kılınç 0000-0002-8697-162X

Proje Numarası Yok
Yayımlanma Tarihi 7 Aralık 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Temmuz 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Arıcı, A., & Kılınç, Ö. (2022). Sağlık İletişimi Kampanyaları: Obezite Temalı Kampanya Afişlerinin Göstergebilimsel Çözümlemesi. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(38), 23-44. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.1144612