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Büyük Veri ve Gazetecilik: Veri Gazeteciliği Demokrasi, Katılım ve Gazeteciliğe Dair Anlayışımızı Nasıl Dönüştürebilir?

Yıl 2018, , 322 - 344, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.464511

Öz

Birbiriyle iletişimdeki akıllı cihazlarla sürekli
etkileşimde olduğumuz günümüzde, herkes düzenli olarak veri üretmektedir.
Gündelik hayatın verileşmesi yönetim ve toplumsal yaşama dair normlarımızı
dönüştürürken; daha önce görülmemiş miktardaki bu verinin gündelik pratiklere
yarar sağlayacak şekilde nasıl kullanılacağı sorgulanmaktadır. Yurttaşlar
günlerini veri selinde boğulmadan düzenleyebilmek; gazetecilerse veriyi
haberlerinde kullanmak için yeni teknolojilerin sunduğu fırsatları
değerlendirmek için yeni araçlara ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ham veriyi işleyerek
sıradan okuyucu için anlamlı birşeye dönüştürmek gerekliliği, gazetecilik
mesleğinde yeni bir alan olarak veri gazeteciliğini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Veri
gazeteciliği kavramını 2010 tarihli WikiLeaks sızıntısına borçluyuz. ABD ve
Avrupa’da konuya yönelik akademik ilgi, WikiLeaks’le eş zamanlı başlar ve
kavramı teknolojik gelişme ve dijitalleşme kadar; ifade özgürlüğü, şeffaflık ve
demokrasiyle ilişkilendiren geniş bir literatür mevcuttur. Ancak Türkiye’de
konuya yönelik profesyonel ve akademik ilgi hala başlangıç aşamasındadır.



Gazeteciliğin veriye-dayalı süreçlerle dönüştürülmesi, şu
açılardan önemli görülmektedir:



1.  Derinlemesine
inceleme olanağı, medyanın dördüncü güç işlevini pekiştirir, yönetimlerin hesap
sorulabilirliğini arttırır.



2.  İlgili
kurumlar üzerinde şeffaflaşma yönünde baskı unsuru oluşturur, hatalı
uygulamaları ortaya çıkararak kamu yararı sağlar.



3.  Veriye
dayandırmak, haberin nesnelliğini arttırarak okuyucuların medyaya yönelik
güvenini tazeler.



4.  Yurttaşların
enformasyonun üretimine ve demokratik süreçlere katılımını arttırır.



Çalışmada, veri gazeteciliği yukarıda bahsedilen
boyutlarıyla ele alınmakta, demokrasi ve katılıma dair anlayışımızı nasıl
dönüştürebileceği tartışılmaktadır.



Veri gazeteciliği ile ilgili mevcut literatürün taranmasına
odaklanan çalışma ayrıca, mahremiyet, kişisel verilerin korunması, unutulma
hakkı, doğrulama, enformasyon akışına aşağıdan-yukarıya yön verilmesi ve veri
okuryazarlığının geliştirilmesi gibi, veri gazeteciliğin dönüştürücü işlevini
zayıflatabilecek etik ve teknik sorunlara da değinmektedir. Türkçe’de yeni gelişmekte
olan bu alandaki kuramsal tartışmayı besleyecek bir başlangıç çalışması olma
amacındadır.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, C. W. (2012), “Towards a Sociology of Computational and Algorithmic Journalism.” New Media and Society, 0:0, 1-17.
  • Appelgrem, E. & Nygren, G. (2015), “Data Journalism in Sweden”, Digital Journalism, 2:3, 394-405.
  • Appelgren, E. (2017), “An Illusion of Interactivity”, Journalism Practice.
  • Aslan, A., Bayrakçı, S. & Küçükvardar, M. (2016), “Bilişim Çağında Geleneksel Gazeteciliğin Dönüşümü: Veri Gazeteciliği”, Marmara İletişim Dergisi, Yıl: 2016, Sayı: 26, 55-70.
  • Baack, S. (2011), “A new style of news reporting. WikiLeaks and Data-driven Journalism”, Cyborg Subjects.
  • Baack, S. (2015), “Datafication and empowerment- How the open data movement re-articulates notions of democracy, participation and journalism”, Big Data & Society, July-December: 1-11.
  • Baack, S. (2017), “Practically Engaged: The entanglements between data journalism and civic tech”, Digital Journalism.
  • Barber, B. (2003), Strong Democracy. Participatory Politics fora New Age, Twentieth Anniversary Edition, University of California Press, London.
  • Borges-Rey, E. (2016), “Unravelling Data Journalism. A study of data journalism practice in British newsrooms”, Journalism Practice, 10:7, 833-843.
  • Boyles, J. L. & Meyer, E. (2016), “Letting the Data Speak”, Digital Journalism, 4:7, 944-954.
  • Bradshaw, P. (2010), “How to be a data journalist”, The Guardian, 1 Ekim 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/oct/01/data-journalism-how-to-guide (19.12.2017)
  • Bradshaw, P. (2011), “The Inverted Pyramid of Data Journalism”, Online Journalism Blog. http://onlinejournalismblog.com/2011/07/07/the-inverted-pyramid-of-data-journalism/ (19.12.2017)
  • Bradshaw, P. (2017), “Computational Thinking and The Next Wave of Data Journalism?”, Online Journalism Blog. https://onlinejournalismblog.com/2017/08/03/computational-thinking-data-journalism/ (22.06.2018)
  • Briggs, M. (2007), Journalism 2.0 How to Survive and Thrive a digital literacy guide fort he information age, J-Lab: The Institute for Interactive Journalism and Knight Citizen News Network.
  • Briggs, M. (2013), Journalism Next: A Practical Guide to Digital Reporting and Publishing, CQ Press, California.
  • Coddington, M. (2015), “Clarifying Journalisms Quantitative Turn”, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 331-348.
  • Carlsson, U. & Pöythari, R. (2017), “Words of introduction”, içinde The Assault on Journalism, Carlsson & Pöhtyari (Ed.), Nordicom, Göteborg, pp. 11-17.
  • Çalışkan, B. (2016), “Kitlesel Gözetime Karşı Kolektif Bir Üretim Biçimi Olarak Sızıntı Gazeteciliği”, İleti-ş-im, 25, Aralık 2016, 127-154.
  • Cushion, S. vd. (2016), “Data Journalism, Impartiality and Statistical Claims”, Journalism Practice.
  • Dağ, P. (2015), “Gazeteciliğin Geleceği Veri Gazeteciliği”. http://www.academia.edu/16286677/GAZETEC%C4%B0L%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0N_GELECE%C4%9E%C4%B0_VER%C4%B0_GAZETEC%C4%B0L%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0_-P%C4%B1nar_Da%C4%9F_Ekitap_ (13.12.2017)
  • De Maeyer, J. vd. (2015), “Waiting for Data Journalism. A qualitative assessment of the anecdotal take-up of data journalism in French-speaking Belgium”, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 432-446.
  • Dickinson, A. (2013), “Does data journalism help democracy?”. Dickinson.net blog. http://digidickinson.net/2013/08/13/does-data-journalism-help-democracy (21.06.2018)
  • Doğu, B. (2015), “Veri Haberciliği: Demokratik Medya İçin Olanaklar”, Folklor/ Edebiyat, 21:83, 181-197.
  • Evin, M. (2012), “Şeffaf bir toplum için gazetecilik”, Milliyet gazetesi, 8 Ekim 2012. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yazarlar/mehves-evin/seffaf-bir-toplum--icin-gazetecilik-1608746/ (28.06.2018)
  • Felle, T. (2016), “Digital Watchdogs? Data reporting and the traditional 'fourth estate' role for journalists”, Journalism Theory, Practice and Criticism, 17:1, 85-96.
  • Figl, B. (2017), “Bigger is not always better: what we can learn about data journalism from small newsrooms”, University of Oxford Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2018-01/Research%20Paper%20Figl%20Bettina_1.pdf (30.01.2018)
  • Fink, K. & Anderson, C. W. (2015), “Data Journalism in the United States”, Journalism Studies, 16:4, 467-481.
  • Gray, J. , Bounegru, L. & Chambers, L. (2012), The Data Journalism Handbook, O’Reilly, Cambridge.
  • Hammond, P. (2017), “From Computer-Assisted to Data-Driven: Journalism and Big Data”, Journalism. 18:4, 408-424.
  • Holmes, D. E. (2017), Big Data. A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Holovaty, A. (2006), “A fundemental way newspaper sites need to change”, holvaty.com blog post, 6 Eylül 2006. http://www.holovaty.com/writing/fundamental-change/ (10.08.2018)
  • Howard, A. (2012), “The bond between data and journalism grows stronger”, Radar - Insight, Analysis and Research About Emerging Technologies. http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/02/data-journalism-computer-assisted-reporting-government.html (11.04.2018)
  • Howard, A. B. (2014), The Art and Science of Data Driven Journalism. Columbia University Academic Commons.
  • Howe, J. vd. (2017), “Collaborative, Open, Mobile: A Thematic Exploration of Best Practices at the Forefront of Digital Journalism”, Northeastern University’s School of Journalism’s Media Innovation graduate program Working Paper. http://www.storybench.org/docs/collaborative-open-mobile-whitepaper.pdf (26.07.2018)
  • İrvan, S. (2017), “Yurttaş gazeteciliği nedir, ne değildir?”, suleymanirvan.blogspot.com, 9 Ağustos 2017. https://suleymanirvan.blogspot.com/2017/08/yurttas-gazeteciligi-nedir-ne-degildir.html (06.08.2018)
  • Journo.com.tr (2016), “2016’nın kelimesi seçildi: Post-truth”, 18 Kasım 2016. https://journo.com.tr/2016nin-kelimesi-secildi-post-truth (01.02.2017)
  • Kayser-Brill, N. (2016), “Transformation of Communication Process: Data Journalism”, XVI April International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development, Vol. 3, 414–421.
  • Knight, M. (2015), “Data journalism in the UK: a preliminary analysis of form and content”, Journal of Media Practice, 16:1, 55-72.
  • Küpelioğlu, G. (2016), “Pınar Dağ: Veri sizi daha iyi bir gazeteci yapar”, journo.com.tr, 2 Mayıs 2016. https://journo.com.tr/pinar-dag-veri-sizi-daha-iyi-bir-gazeteci-yapar (27.07.2018)
  • Lathrop D. & Ruma R. (2010), Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency and Participation in Practice, O’Reilly Media, Sbastapol, CA.
  • Lesage, F. & Hackett, R. A. (2014), “Between Objectivity and Openness—The Mediality of Data for Journalism.” Media and Communication, 2:2, 42-54.
  • Lewis, S. (2015), “Journalism In An Era Of Big Data”, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 321-330.
  • Lorenz vd. (2011), “Media companies must become trusted data hubs”, EJC Magazine. https://ejc.net/magazine/article/media-companies-must-become-trusted-data-hubs (16.02.2017)
  • Lynch, L. (2012), “That’s not Leaking, It’s Pure Editorial”, Canadian Journal of Media Studies, Special Issue: Experts and Amateurs in Communication and Culture, Fall 2012.
  • Meyer, P. (2002), Precision Journalism, A Reporter's Introduction to Social Science Methods, 4th edition, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, New York.
  • Nayar, P.K. (2015), Citizenship and identity in the age of surveillance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • ODB (2016), Open Data Barometer Global Report Third Edition, Nisan 2016, The World Wide Web Foundation. https://opendatabarometer.org/doc/3rdEdition/ODB-3rdEdition-GlobalReport.pdf (08.08.2018)
  • ODH (2018a), Glossary”, The Open Data Handbook. http://opendatahandbook.org/glossary/en/ (06.08.2018)
  • ODH (2018b), “Why Open Data?”, The Open Data Handbook. http://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/why-open-data/ (06.08.2018)
  • OKF (ty), “What is open?” Open Knowledge Foundation website. https://okfn.org/opendata/ (12.04.2018)
  • Paraise, S. & Dagiral, E. (2012), “Data-driven journalism and the public good: ‘Computer-assisted-reporters’ and ‘programmer-journalists’ in Chicago”, New Media Society, 0(0). 1-19.
  • Paraise, S. & Dagiral, E. (2013), “Des journalistes enfin libérés de leurs sources? Promesse et realite du journalisme de données”, Sur le journalisme, 2:1, 15 Nisan 2013.
  • Propublica (2013), “Data-Driven Journalism’s Secrets”. https://www.propublica.org/nerds/data-driven-journalisms-secrets (28.12.2017)
  • Richterich, A. (2018), The Big Data Agenda – Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies, University of Westminster Press, London.
  • Rogers, S. (2011), “Data journalism at the Guardian - what is it and how do we do it?”, The Guardian Datablog, 28 Temmuz 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/jul/28/data-journalism (28.12.2017)
  • Rogers, S. (2013), Facts are Sacred: The power of data, Faber & Faber, London.
  • Rogers, S. vd. (2017) “Data journalism in 2017”. https://newslab.withgoogle.com/assets/docs/data-journalism-in-2017.pdf (28.12.2017)
  • Royal, C. & Blasingame, D. (2015), “Data journalism - An explication”, Multimedia edition of #ISOJ, the official research journal of ISOJ, 6: 1, Spring 2016.
  • Saka, E. (2017), "Dijital Dönüşüm ve Gazetecilik için Yeni İş Modelleri ." Yeni Medya Çalışmaları IV: Dijitalleşen Gazetecilik İçin Yeni İş Modelleri, Taş Mektep Yayınları, İstanbul, s. 11-40.
  • Sirkkunen, E. (ed.) (2011), “Trends In Data Journalism”, the next Media Programme of TIVIT Report. //virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/nextmedia/Deliverables-2011/D3.2.1.2.B_Hyperlocal_Trends_In%20Data_Journalism.pdf (10.01.2018)
  • Slater, D. (2016), “Research Results Part 1: Defining Data Literacy”, School of Data website, 8 Ocak 2016. https://schoolofdata.org/2016/01/08/research-results-part-1-defining-data-literacy/ (08.08.2018)
  • Stoneman, J. (2015), “Does Open Data Need Journalism?”, University of Oxford Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Working Paper, Eylül 2015. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/research/files/Stoneman%2520-%2520Does%2520Open%2520Data%2520need%2520Journalism.pdf (25.07.2018)
  • Trédan, O. (2011), “Quand le journalisme se saisit du Web: l'exemple du datajournalism”, 1er colloque international - Les mutations structurelles du journalisme (Mejor – 2011) – Université de Brasilia, 25-28 Nisan 2011. http://florlecam.com/slj/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Datajournalism-Tr%C3%A9dan.pdf (20.07.2018)
  • Turan, İ. (2018), “Dijital Çağda Habercilik: Veri Gazeteciliği”, Dijital Habitat.
  • Uskali, T. & Kuutti, H. (2015), “Models and Streams of Data Journalism”, The Journal of Media Innovations, 2:1, 77-88.

Big Data and Journalism: How Data Journalism Can Transform Our Understanding of Democracy, Participation and Journalism?

Yıl 2018, , 322 - 344, 28.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.464511

Öz

Today, due to the interaction with smart devices, every
single person contribute regularly to the production of data. The Internet of
Things and the datafication of everyday life, deeply transforms our norms on
governance and social life. The question is to be able to use this bulk data in
order to add value to our daily routines. While citizens face the challenge of
organizing their day without being lost into it, journalists must adapt
themselves to new technological opportunities to adopt it in newsmaking. These
challenges brought into life a new understanding of doing journalism:
data-driven journalism.

We owe this term to WikiLeaks 2010. Academic interest on
the subject starts nearly simultaneously to the leak. There is a rich
literature discussing its connection to technology and digitization, as well as
to freedom of expression, transparency and democracy. However, professional and
scholar work on data journalism is still in a nascent condition in Turkey.

The transformation of journalism with data-driven processes
may contribute to:

1.     the
accountability of governments by allowing journalists to investigate deeper

2.     the
transparency of public institutions by oppressing them to share data on their
activities

3.    the
objectivity of news stories by strengthening the journalistic autonomy from
news sources

4.     citizen
participation to democratic processes.















The manuscript, mainly a theoretical contribution to the
emerging discussion in Turkish, consists of a literature review on data
journalism and focus on the above-mentioned dimensions of the practice with its
relation to democratization. Some ethical and technical challenges to the
democratizing function of data journalism are also highlightened.

Kaynakça

  • Anderson, C. W. (2012), “Towards a Sociology of Computational and Algorithmic Journalism.” New Media and Society, 0:0, 1-17.
  • Appelgrem, E. & Nygren, G. (2015), “Data Journalism in Sweden”, Digital Journalism, 2:3, 394-405.
  • Appelgren, E. (2017), “An Illusion of Interactivity”, Journalism Practice.
  • Aslan, A., Bayrakçı, S. & Küçükvardar, M. (2016), “Bilişim Çağında Geleneksel Gazeteciliğin Dönüşümü: Veri Gazeteciliği”, Marmara İletişim Dergisi, Yıl: 2016, Sayı: 26, 55-70.
  • Baack, S. (2011), “A new style of news reporting. WikiLeaks and Data-driven Journalism”, Cyborg Subjects.
  • Baack, S. (2015), “Datafication and empowerment- How the open data movement re-articulates notions of democracy, participation and journalism”, Big Data & Society, July-December: 1-11.
  • Baack, S. (2017), “Practically Engaged: The entanglements between data journalism and civic tech”, Digital Journalism.
  • Barber, B. (2003), Strong Democracy. Participatory Politics fora New Age, Twentieth Anniversary Edition, University of California Press, London.
  • Borges-Rey, E. (2016), “Unravelling Data Journalism. A study of data journalism practice in British newsrooms”, Journalism Practice, 10:7, 833-843.
  • Boyles, J. L. & Meyer, E. (2016), “Letting the Data Speak”, Digital Journalism, 4:7, 944-954.
  • Bradshaw, P. (2010), “How to be a data journalist”, The Guardian, 1 Ekim 2010. http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2010/oct/01/data-journalism-how-to-guide (19.12.2017)
  • Bradshaw, P. (2011), “The Inverted Pyramid of Data Journalism”, Online Journalism Blog. http://onlinejournalismblog.com/2011/07/07/the-inverted-pyramid-of-data-journalism/ (19.12.2017)
  • Bradshaw, P. (2017), “Computational Thinking and The Next Wave of Data Journalism?”, Online Journalism Blog. https://onlinejournalismblog.com/2017/08/03/computational-thinking-data-journalism/ (22.06.2018)
  • Briggs, M. (2007), Journalism 2.0 How to Survive and Thrive a digital literacy guide fort he information age, J-Lab: The Institute for Interactive Journalism and Knight Citizen News Network.
  • Briggs, M. (2013), Journalism Next: A Practical Guide to Digital Reporting and Publishing, CQ Press, California.
  • Coddington, M. (2015), “Clarifying Journalisms Quantitative Turn”, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 331-348.
  • Carlsson, U. & Pöythari, R. (2017), “Words of introduction”, içinde The Assault on Journalism, Carlsson & Pöhtyari (Ed.), Nordicom, Göteborg, pp. 11-17.
  • Çalışkan, B. (2016), “Kitlesel Gözetime Karşı Kolektif Bir Üretim Biçimi Olarak Sızıntı Gazeteciliği”, İleti-ş-im, 25, Aralık 2016, 127-154.
  • Cushion, S. vd. (2016), “Data Journalism, Impartiality and Statistical Claims”, Journalism Practice.
  • Dağ, P. (2015), “Gazeteciliğin Geleceği Veri Gazeteciliği”. http://www.academia.edu/16286677/GAZETEC%C4%B0L%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0N_GELECE%C4%9E%C4%B0_VER%C4%B0_GAZETEC%C4%B0L%C4%B0%C4%9E%C4%B0_-P%C4%B1nar_Da%C4%9F_Ekitap_ (13.12.2017)
  • De Maeyer, J. vd. (2015), “Waiting for Data Journalism. A qualitative assessment of the anecdotal take-up of data journalism in French-speaking Belgium”, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 432-446.
  • Dickinson, A. (2013), “Does data journalism help democracy?”. Dickinson.net blog. http://digidickinson.net/2013/08/13/does-data-journalism-help-democracy (21.06.2018)
  • Doğu, B. (2015), “Veri Haberciliği: Demokratik Medya İçin Olanaklar”, Folklor/ Edebiyat, 21:83, 181-197.
  • Evin, M. (2012), “Şeffaf bir toplum için gazetecilik”, Milliyet gazetesi, 8 Ekim 2012. http://www.milliyet.com.tr/yazarlar/mehves-evin/seffaf-bir-toplum--icin-gazetecilik-1608746/ (28.06.2018)
  • Felle, T. (2016), “Digital Watchdogs? Data reporting and the traditional 'fourth estate' role for journalists”, Journalism Theory, Practice and Criticism, 17:1, 85-96.
  • Figl, B. (2017), “Bigger is not always better: what we can learn about data journalism from small newsrooms”, University of Oxford Reuters Institute Fellowship Paper. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2018-01/Research%20Paper%20Figl%20Bettina_1.pdf (30.01.2018)
  • Fink, K. & Anderson, C. W. (2015), “Data Journalism in the United States”, Journalism Studies, 16:4, 467-481.
  • Gray, J. , Bounegru, L. & Chambers, L. (2012), The Data Journalism Handbook, O’Reilly, Cambridge.
  • Hammond, P. (2017), “From Computer-Assisted to Data-Driven: Journalism and Big Data”, Journalism. 18:4, 408-424.
  • Holmes, D. E. (2017), Big Data. A Very Short Introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  • Holovaty, A. (2006), “A fundemental way newspaper sites need to change”, holvaty.com blog post, 6 Eylül 2006. http://www.holovaty.com/writing/fundamental-change/ (10.08.2018)
  • Howard, A. (2012), “The bond between data and journalism grows stronger”, Radar - Insight, Analysis and Research About Emerging Technologies. http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/02/data-journalism-computer-assisted-reporting-government.html (11.04.2018)
  • Howard, A. B. (2014), The Art and Science of Data Driven Journalism. Columbia University Academic Commons.
  • Howe, J. vd. (2017), “Collaborative, Open, Mobile: A Thematic Exploration of Best Practices at the Forefront of Digital Journalism”, Northeastern University’s School of Journalism’s Media Innovation graduate program Working Paper. http://www.storybench.org/docs/collaborative-open-mobile-whitepaper.pdf (26.07.2018)
  • İrvan, S. (2017), “Yurttaş gazeteciliği nedir, ne değildir?”, suleymanirvan.blogspot.com, 9 Ağustos 2017. https://suleymanirvan.blogspot.com/2017/08/yurttas-gazeteciligi-nedir-ne-degildir.html (06.08.2018)
  • Journo.com.tr (2016), “2016’nın kelimesi seçildi: Post-truth”, 18 Kasım 2016. https://journo.com.tr/2016nin-kelimesi-secildi-post-truth (01.02.2017)
  • Kayser-Brill, N. (2016), “Transformation of Communication Process: Data Journalism”, XVI April International Academic Conference on Economic and Social Development, Vol. 3, 414–421.
  • Knight, M. (2015), “Data journalism in the UK: a preliminary analysis of form and content”, Journal of Media Practice, 16:1, 55-72.
  • Küpelioğlu, G. (2016), “Pınar Dağ: Veri sizi daha iyi bir gazeteci yapar”, journo.com.tr, 2 Mayıs 2016. https://journo.com.tr/pinar-dag-veri-sizi-daha-iyi-bir-gazeteci-yapar (27.07.2018)
  • Lathrop D. & Ruma R. (2010), Open Government: Collaboration, Transparency and Participation in Practice, O’Reilly Media, Sbastapol, CA.
  • Lesage, F. & Hackett, R. A. (2014), “Between Objectivity and Openness—The Mediality of Data for Journalism.” Media and Communication, 2:2, 42-54.
  • Lewis, S. (2015), “Journalism In An Era Of Big Data”, Digital Journalism, 3:3, 321-330.
  • Lorenz vd. (2011), “Media companies must become trusted data hubs”, EJC Magazine. https://ejc.net/magazine/article/media-companies-must-become-trusted-data-hubs (16.02.2017)
  • Lynch, L. (2012), “That’s not Leaking, It’s Pure Editorial”, Canadian Journal of Media Studies, Special Issue: Experts and Amateurs in Communication and Culture, Fall 2012.
  • Meyer, P. (2002), Precision Journalism, A Reporter's Introduction to Social Science Methods, 4th edition, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, New York.
  • Nayar, P.K. (2015), Citizenship and identity in the age of surveillance, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
  • ODB (2016), Open Data Barometer Global Report Third Edition, Nisan 2016, The World Wide Web Foundation. https://opendatabarometer.org/doc/3rdEdition/ODB-3rdEdition-GlobalReport.pdf (08.08.2018)
  • ODH (2018a), Glossary”, The Open Data Handbook. http://opendatahandbook.org/glossary/en/ (06.08.2018)
  • ODH (2018b), “Why Open Data?”, The Open Data Handbook. http://opendatahandbook.org/guide/en/why-open-data/ (06.08.2018)
  • OKF (ty), “What is open?” Open Knowledge Foundation website. https://okfn.org/opendata/ (12.04.2018)
  • Paraise, S. & Dagiral, E. (2012), “Data-driven journalism and the public good: ‘Computer-assisted-reporters’ and ‘programmer-journalists’ in Chicago”, New Media Society, 0(0). 1-19.
  • Paraise, S. & Dagiral, E. (2013), “Des journalistes enfin libérés de leurs sources? Promesse et realite du journalisme de données”, Sur le journalisme, 2:1, 15 Nisan 2013.
  • Propublica (2013), “Data-Driven Journalism’s Secrets”. https://www.propublica.org/nerds/data-driven-journalisms-secrets (28.12.2017)
  • Richterich, A. (2018), The Big Data Agenda – Data Ethics and Critical Data Studies, University of Westminster Press, London.
  • Rogers, S. (2011), “Data journalism at the Guardian - what is it and how do we do it?”, The Guardian Datablog, 28 Temmuz 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/news/datablog/2011/jul/28/data-journalism (28.12.2017)
  • Rogers, S. (2013), Facts are Sacred: The power of data, Faber & Faber, London.
  • Rogers, S. vd. (2017) “Data journalism in 2017”. https://newslab.withgoogle.com/assets/docs/data-journalism-in-2017.pdf (28.12.2017)
  • Royal, C. & Blasingame, D. (2015), “Data journalism - An explication”, Multimedia edition of #ISOJ, the official research journal of ISOJ, 6: 1, Spring 2016.
  • Saka, E. (2017), "Dijital Dönüşüm ve Gazetecilik için Yeni İş Modelleri ." Yeni Medya Çalışmaları IV: Dijitalleşen Gazetecilik İçin Yeni İş Modelleri, Taş Mektep Yayınları, İstanbul, s. 11-40.
  • Sirkkunen, E. (ed.) (2011), “Trends In Data Journalism”, the next Media Programme of TIVIT Report. //virtual.vtt.fi/virtual/nextmedia/Deliverables-2011/D3.2.1.2.B_Hyperlocal_Trends_In%20Data_Journalism.pdf (10.01.2018)
  • Slater, D. (2016), “Research Results Part 1: Defining Data Literacy”, School of Data website, 8 Ocak 2016. https://schoolofdata.org/2016/01/08/research-results-part-1-defining-data-literacy/ (08.08.2018)
  • Stoneman, J. (2015), “Does Open Data Need Journalism?”, University of Oxford Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism Working Paper, Eylül 2015. https://reutersinstitute.politics.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/research/files/Stoneman%2520-%2520Does%2520Open%2520Data%2520need%2520Journalism.pdf (25.07.2018)
  • Trédan, O. (2011), “Quand le journalisme se saisit du Web: l'exemple du datajournalism”, 1er colloque international - Les mutations structurelles du journalisme (Mejor – 2011) – Université de Brasilia, 25-28 Nisan 2011. http://florlecam.com/slj/wp-content/uploads/2011/05/Datajournalism-Tr%C3%A9dan.pdf (20.07.2018)
  • Turan, İ. (2018), “Dijital Çağda Habercilik: Veri Gazeteciliği”, Dijital Habitat.
  • Uskali, T. & Kuutti, H. (2015), “Models and Streams of Data Journalism”, The Journal of Media Innovations, 2:1, 77-88.
Toplam 65 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İletişim ve Medya Çalışmaları
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Özlem Erkmen 0000-0001-8761-5099

Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 27 Eylül 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018

Kaynak Göster

APA Erkmen, Ö. (2018). Büyük Veri ve Gazetecilik: Veri Gazeteciliği Demokrasi, Katılım ve Gazeteciliğe Dair Anlayışımızı Nasıl Dönüştürebilir?. Akdeniz Üniversitesi İletişim Fakültesi Dergisi(30), 322-344. https://doi.org/10.31123/akil.464511