Heteroglossia in and of Film: La Haine
Abstract
This article evaluates the film La Haine (1995) directed by Mathiew Kassovitz with specific reference to the Bakhtinian concept of “heteroglossia”. The film is still socially and politically significant and relevant especially in relation to the refugee crisis, the increasing xenophobia and islamophobia that continue burdening Europe today. The film can be considered under the rubrics of diasporic cinema, beur cinema, banlieue cinema and French cinema based on its thematic concerns and its central characters. This article, however, particularly focuses on the work itself as a heteroglot, polyglot utterance in the contexts of French film and banlieue film. Secondly, it analyses the framing of the characters as Others in the context of post-industrial, post-colonial France by focusing on their utterances and the social and cultural connotations of these utterances throughout the film. The close textual analysis reveals that there are several registers of heteroglossia detectable in this audio-visual narrative, underlying its multilayered character.
Keywords
Heteroglossia,French cinema,banlieue cinema,beur cinema,cinema of minorties,La Haine
Kaynakça
- AI News. (1996). 16 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde https://www.amnesty.org/download/Documents/172000/nws210051996en.pdf adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Austin, J. F. (2009). Destroying the Banlieue: Reconfigurations of Suburban Space in French Film. Yale French Studies, (115): pp. 80-92.
- Bailey, B. (2012). Heteroglossia. M. Martin-Jones, A. Blackledge and A. Creese (eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Multilingualism. London: Routledge, pp. 499-507.
- Bakhtin, M. M. (1983). The Dialogic Imagination: Four Essays. M. Holquist (ed.). Austin: University of Texas Press.
- Bakhtin, M. M. (2003). Problems of Dostoevsky’s Poetics. P. Morris (ed.). The Bakhtin Reader. New York: Oxford University Press, pp. 89-96;103-113.
- Bhabha, H. K. (1994). The Location of Culture. London: Routledge.
- Barwick, C. and Beaman, J. (2019). Living for the Neighbourhood: Marginalization and Belonging for the Second-generation in Berlin and Paris. Comparative Migration Studies, 7(1): pp. 1-17.
- Definition of Creole. (n.d.). 10 Haziran 2019 tarihinde https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/creole adresinden edinilmiştir.
- Demenchonok, E. (2014). Bakhtin’s Dialogism and Current Discussions on the Double-Voiced Word and Transculture. E. Demenchonok (ed.). Intercultural Dialogue. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholar Publishin, pp. 81-138.
- Doran, M. (2004). Negotiating Between Bourge and Racaille: Verlan as Youth Identity Practice in Suburban Paris. P. Aneta and A. Blackledge (eds.). Negotiation of Identities in Multilingual Contexts. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters LTD, pp. 93-124.