WOS ve Scopus Veri tabanlarında Endekslenen Maraton Turizmi Yayınlarının Bibliyometrik Analizi

Öz

Bu çalışma, 2000 ile 2025 yılları arasında maraton turizmi alanında yayınlanan bilimsel makaleleri bibliyometrik bir yaklaşımla analiz etmektedir. Web of Science (WOS) ve Scopus veri tabanlarından elde edilen 152 belge, R yazılımı kullanılarak yazar analizi, atıf analizi, dergi etkisi, ülke iş birlikleri, kavramsal yapı ve anahtar kelime eğilimleri gibi çok boyutlu teknikler kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bibliyometrik yöntem, literatürün nicel özelliklerini objektif olarak ortaya koyarken, alandaki akademik üretkenliği, iş birliği düzeylerini ve araştırma eğilimlerini görselleştirme fırsatı sunmaktadır. Bulgular, maraton turizmine olan bilimsel ilginin 2010'dan sonra kayda değer ölçüde arttığını, 2020'de zirveye ulaştığını ve multidisipliner içerikle zenginleştiğini göstermiştir. Kavramsal analizler, literatürün üç ana eksene odaklandığını ortaya koymaktadır: Mega etkinliklerin sosyal etkileri, turist davranışları ve bireysel spor deneyimi. Getz (2010) gibi çalışmalar, yüksek atıf oranlarıyla bu alandaki teorik çerçeveye şekil vermiştir. Ayrıca, ABD, Çin, Kanada ve Avustralya'nın merkezi aktörler olarak ortaya çıkmasıyla uluslararası iş birliklerinin güçlü olduğu da belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, maraton turizminin sadece bir spor etkinliği olmadığını, aynı zamanda bölgesel kalkınma, sürdürülebilir destinasyon yönetimi ve sosyal entegrasyon gibi temalarla da yakından ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuş ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için stratejik öneriler geliştirmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Maraton turizmi
• bibliyometrik analiz
• sürdürülebilir turizm
• destinasyon pazarlaması

Development of Marathon Tourism Publications Indexed in Wos and Scopus Databases: A Bibliometric Analysis

Öz

This study analyzed scientific papers published in the field of marathon tourism between 2000 and 2025 using a bibliometric approach. The 152 documents obtained from the Web of Science (WOS) and Scopus databases were evaluated employing multidimensional techniques such as author analysis, citation analysis, journal impact, country collaborations, conceptual structure, and keyword trends using R software. Bibliometric methodology objectively reveals the quantitative characteristics of literature while providing the opportunity to visualize academic productivity, collaboration levels, and research trends in the field. The findings showed that scientific interest in marathon tourism increased significantly after 2010, peaked in 2020, and diversified with multidisciplinary content. Conceptual analyses revealed that literature focused on three main axes: the social impacts of mega events, tourist behavior, and individual sports experience. Studies such as Getz (2010) have shaped the theoretical framework of the field with their high citation levels. Additionally, it has been determined that international collaborations are strong, with the US, China, Canada, and Australia emerging as central actors. The research has revealed that marathon tourism is not only a sporting event but is also closely related to themes such as regional development, sustainable destination management, and social integration, and it has presented strategic recommendations for future research.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Marathon tourism
• bibliometric analysis
• sustainable tourism
• destination marketing

Kaynakça

1. Agrusa, J. (2014). When Sporting Events Compliment Tourism: The 32 Nd Honolulu Marathon the Consortium Journal, 11(2).
2. Aicher, T. J., Karadakis, K., & Eddosary, M. M. (2015). Comparison of sport tourists’ and locals’ motivation to participate in a running event. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 6(3), 215-234.
3. Alexandris, K., Theodorakis, N., Kaplanidou, K., & Papadimitriou, D. (2017). Event quality and loyalty among runners with different running involvement levels: The case of “The Alexander the Great” International Marathon. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 8(3), 292-307
4. Andereck, K., & Jurowski, C. (2006). Tourism and quality of life. In Quality tourism experiences (pp. 136-154). Routledge.
5. Aria, M., & Cuccurullo, C. (2017). Bibliometrix: An R-tool for comprehensive science mapping analysis. Journal of informetrics, 11(4), 959-975.
6. Atlas, R., Putit, N., Atan, P., Puem, L. B. G., & Enggong, T. S. (2018). Sports tourism: Factors influencing runners joining marathon events. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(16), 218-230.
7. Bahir, H., Habibi, M. Z., & Shahamat, G. R. (2025). The Role of Sports Events in Promoting Economic Development. International journal of social sciences, 1(2), 193-212.
8. Bertella, G. (2014). Designing small-scale sport events in the countryside. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 5(2), 132-145.

9. Butler, R. W. (2001). Seasonality in tourism: Issues and implications. In Seasonality in tourism (pp. 5-21). Routledge.
10. Chalip, L., & Costa, C. A. (2005). Sport event tourism and the destination brand: Towards a general theory. Sport in society, 8(2), 218-237.
11. Chen, K. H., Yien, J. M., Kao, C. C., Chen, Y. Y., & Tsai, F. S. (2021). Sustainable strategies for marathon tourism in the time of pandemics. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(5), 1–15.
12. Chen, X., Yim, B. H., Tuo, Z., Zhou, L., Liu, T., & Zhang, J. J. (2021). “One event, one city”: promoting the loyalty of marathon runners to a host city by improving event service quality. Sustainability, 13(7), 3795.
13. Chen, G., & Xiao, L. (2016). Selecting publication keywords for domain analysis in bibliometrics: A comparison of three methods. Journal of Informetrics, 10(1), 212-223.
14. Chivu, C. (2013). Sport tourism in Romania and the Romanian experience in organizing and hosting an international sport event: Case study; Bucharest International Marathon. Cinq Continents, 3(7), 88–113.
15. Corluka, G. (2019). Tourism seasonality–an overview. Journal of business paradigms, 4(1), 21-43. de Oliveira, O. J., da Silva, F. F., Juliani, F., Barbosa, L. C. F. M., & Nunhes, T. V. (2019). Bibliometric method for mapping the state-of-the-art and identifying research gaps and trends in literature: An essential instrument to support the development of scientific projects. In Scientometrics recent advances. IntechOpen.
16. Donthu, N., Kumar, S., Mukherjee, D., Pandey, N., & Lim, W. M. (2021). How to conduct a bibliometric analysis: An overview and guidelines. Journal of business research, 133, 285-296.
17. Ei, T., & Karamanis, K. (2017). The evolution of alternative forms of Tourism: a theoretical background. Business & Entrepreneurship Journal, 6(1), 1-4.
18. Fam, K. S., Ting, H., Tan, K. L., Hussain, K., & Cheah, J. H. (2020). Does it matter where to run? Intention to participate in destination marathon. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(7), 1475–1494.
19. Ferdian, M. E. (2023). Analysis of the implementation of the Jakarta Marathon as a sports tourism event for the DKI Jakarta province. Management Analysis Journal, 12(1), 102–125.
20. Figini, P., & Vici, L. (2012). Off-season tourists and the cultural offer of a mass-tourism destination: The case of Rimini. Tourism Management, 33(4), 825-839.
21. Flagestad, A., & Hope, C. A. (2001). Strategic success in winter sports destinations: a sustainable value creation perspective. Tourism management, 22(5), 445-461.
22. Gan, C., Deng, T., & Zhao, W. (2023). City Marathon Events and Tourism Industry: A Quasi-Natural Experiment. Journal of Sports Economics, 24(7), 851–876.
23. Gibson, H. J. (1998). Sport tourism: a critical analysis of research. Sport management review, 1(1), 45-76.
24. Gkarane, S., Kavoura, A., Vassiliadis, C., Kotzaivazoglou, I., Fragidis, G., & Vrana, V. (2025). The Role of Organizers in Advancing Sustainable Sport Tourism: Insights from Small-Scale Running Events in Greece. Sustainability, 17(14), 6399.
25. Gkarane, S., & Vassialiadis, C. (2022). Tourism Seasonality and Sports Events: A Qualitative Study of Kissavos Marathon Race. Enlightening Tourism. a Path Making Journal, 12(Sİ), 24–51.
26. Gratton, C., Shibli, S., & Coleman, R. (2007). The economics of sport tourism at major sports events. In Sport tourism destinations (pp. 233-247). Routledge.
27. Higham, J., & Hinch, T. (2002). Tourism, sport and seasons: the challenges and potential of overcoming seasonality in the sport and tourism sectors. Tourism management, 23(2), 175-185.
28. Hinch, T., & Holt, N. L. (2017). Sustaining places and participatory sport tourism events. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 25(8), 1084-1099.
29. https://www.nyrra.org/tcsnycmarathon, 01.08.2025
30. https://www.marathondumedoc.com/en/the-of-the-marathon/, 01.08.2025
31. Huggins, M. (2013). Sport, tourism and history: current historiography and future prospects. Journal of Tourism History, 5(2), 107-130.
32. Jang, S. S. (2004). Mitigating tourism seasonality: A quantitative approach. Annals of tourism research, 31(4), 819-836.
33. Jeong, Y., & Kim, S. (2020). A study of event quality, destination image, perceived value, tourist satisfaction, and destination loyalty among sport tourists. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 32(4), 940-960.
34. Kasimati, E., & Asero, V. (2023). Is marathon a sport tourism event? The authentic Athens marathon. In Sport and tourism (pp. 195-209). Emerald Publishing Limited.
35. Kennedy, H., Baker, B. J., Jordan, J. S., & Funk, D. C. (2019). Running recession: A trend analysis of running involvement and runner characteristics to understand declining participation. Journal of Sport Management, 33(3), 215-228.
36. Koutrou, N., & Kohe, G. Z. (2025). Sustainability, the Athens Marathon and Greece’s sport event sector: Lessons of resilience, social innovation and the urban commons. Sport in Society, 28(1), 57-82.
37. Kruger, M., Saayman, M., & Ellis, S. (2012). Determinants of visitor spending: An evaluation of participants and spectators at the Two Oceans Marathon. Tourism Economics, 18(6), 1203-1227.
38. Kurtzman, J., & Zauhar, J. (2003). A wave in time-The sports tourism phenomena. Journal of Sport tourism, 8(1), 35-47.
39. Kurtzman, J., & Zauhar, J. (2005). Sports tourism consumer motivation. Journal of Sport Tourism, 10(1), 21-31.
40. Liu, S., & Lu, Z. (2023). A Critical Analysis of China’s Marathon Industry. Asian Journal of Sport History & Culture, 2(1), 63-85.
41. McAdams, M. (2007). Global cities as centers of cultural influence: A focus on Istanbul, Turkey. Journal of Global Cultural Studies, (3), 151-165.
42. Maklari, G., Baba, E. B., Muller, A., & Molnar, A. (2024). Exploration of gender patterns and differences in endurance sports event tourism. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites, 56(4), 1617-1626.
43. Malchrowicz-Mosko, E., & Munsters, W. (2018). Sport tourism: A growth market considered from a cultural perspective. Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology, 18(4), 25-38.
44. Mazza, B. (2021). Italy: Sport tourism events. The case of the Rome-Ostia half marathon. In Small Scale Sport Tourism Events and Local Sustainable Development: A Cross-National Comparative Perspective (pp. 151-172). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
45. Morfoulaki, M., Myrovali, G., Kotoula, K. M., Karagiorgos, T., & Alexandris, K. (2023). Sport tourism as driving force for destinations’ sustainability. Sustainability, 15(3), 2445.
46. Moscardo, G. (2009). Tourism and quality of life: Towards a more critical approach. Tourism and hospitality research, 9(2), 159-170.
47. Lin, Y. H., Lee, C. H., Hong, C. F., & Tung, Y. T. (2022). Marketing Strategy and Willingness to Pay for Sport Tourism in the Kinmen Marathon Event. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(19).
48. Lin, Y., Cai, C., & Li, L. (2024). Research on perceived brand characteristics of marathon participants. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 30621.
49. Lin, C. C., Nugraha, K. S., & Hsu, Y. J. (2025). The Effect of Sustainable Development Goals on Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty and the Role of Brand Image in Green Hotels. Advances in Management and Applied Economics, 15(1), 1-7.
50. Malchrowicz-Mośko, E., & Poczta, J. (2018). A small-scale event and a big impact—Is this relationship possible in the world of sport? The meaning of heritage sporting events for sustainable development of tourism—Experiences from Poland. Sustainability, 10(11), 4289.
51. Mesci, M., Pekerşen, Y., & Mesci, Z. (2021). An overall assessment of sports tourism articles. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 4(5), 676-707.
52. Mousavi, R., Najafabadi, M. O., Mirdamadi, S. M., & Hosseini, S. J. F. (2022). Rural sports and local games: missing link between sports tourism development and sustainability. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 26(3), 201-223.
53. Nowak, P., & Chalimoniuk-Nowak, M. (2015). Running Tourism in Poland Example of Tourist Activity of Polish Marathon Runners. British Journal of Education, Society & Behavioural Science, 5(4), 416–425.
54. Page, S. J., & Connell, J. (2020). Event tourism. In Tourism (pp. 568-588). Routledge.
55. Passas, I. (2024). Bibliometric analysis: the main steps. Encyclopedia, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4020065
56. Papanikos, G. T. (2015). The Economic Effects of a Marathon as a Sport Tourism Event. Athens Journal of Sports, 2(4), 225–239.
57. Perić, D., Nešić, M., Romanov, R., Marković, J., Mišković, I., Jezdimirović, T., & Stupar, D. (2016). Participant's quality perception and motives for attending marathon events in natural areas, International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation & Tourism, 23, 1-21.
58. Pessin, V. Z., Yamane, L. H., & Siman, R. R. (2022). Smart bibliometrics: an integrated method of science mapping and bibliometric analysis. Scientometrics, 127(6), 3695-3718.
59. Poczta, J., & Malchrowicz-Mośko, E. (2018). Modern running events in sustainable development—More than Just taking care of health and physical condition (Poznan Half Marathon Case Study). Sustainability, 10(7), 2145.
60. Podoler, G. (2016). Running in the sun: The pyongyang marathon and its evolution into a sport tourism event. International Journal of the History of Sport, 33(18), 2207–2225.
61. Radicchi, E. (2013). Tourism and sport: Strategic synergies to enhance the sustainable development of a local context. Physical Culture and Sport, 57(1), 44.
62. Ragazou, K., Passas, I., Garefalakis, A., & Dimou, I. (2022). Investigating the research trends on strategic ambidexterity, agility, and open innovation in SMEs: Perceptions from bibliometric analysis. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 118.
63. Raman, R., Lathabhai, H., Pattnaik, D., Kumar, C., & Nedungadi, P. (2024). Research contribution of bibliometric studies related to sustainable development goals and sustainability. Discover Sustainability, 5(1), 7.
64. Ramkissoon, H. (2023). Perceived social impacts of tourism and quality-of-life: A new conceptual model. Journal of sustainable tourism, 31(2), 442-459.
65. Ratkowski, W., & Ratkowska, J. (2018). Sports events as a determinant of sport tourism. Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity, 10(1), 86-94.
66. Richard, S., & Jones, I. (2008). The great suburban everest: An ‘insiders’ perspective on experiences at the 2007 flora London marathon. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 13(1), 61–77.
67. Raso, G., & Cherubini, D. (2024). The sport tourism and regional economic development: A systematic review. Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance, 3(1), 108-121.
68. Schwartzhoffová, E. (2015). Běžecké závody Run Czech jako produkt sportovní turistiky Run Czech as a product of sport tourism. Studia Sportiva, 253–258.
69. Septiana, E. A., Kausar, D. R., Marjuka, Y., & Aminudin, N. (2022). International cross-cultural perspectives on sports tourism: A study of participants’ motivations in the Jogja Marathon. Journal of Tourism and Development, 39(October), 315–327.
70. Smith, A. (2010). The development of “sports-city” zones and their potential value as tourism resources for urban areas. European Planning Studies, 18(3), 385-410.
71. Solberg, H. A., & Preuss, H. (2007). Major sport events and long-term tourism impacts. Journal of sport Management, 21(2), 213-234.
72. Song, H., Chen, J. M., Rao, X., & Wu, M. (2023). A Comparison Study on the Behavioral Intention of Marathon Runners in the United States and China. Journal of Quality Assurance in Hospitality and Tourism, 1–23.
73. Sudarmanto, E., Raharjo, B. B., Kristiyanto, A., Sulaiman, S., Setyawati, H., Priyono, B., & Jariono, G. (2025). A Systematic Review for The Development of Sustainable Tourism Destinations Based on Sports Tourism. Retos, 62, 646-654.
74. Ullrich, A., Vladova, G., Eigelshoven, F., & Renz, A. (2022). Data mining of scientific research on artificial intelligence in teaching and administration in higher education institutions: a bibliometrics analysis and recommendation for future research. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 2(1), 16.
75. Wicker, P., Hallmann, K., & Zhang, J. J. (2012). What is influencing consumer expenditure and intention to revisit? An investigation of marathon events. Journal of Sport and Tourism, 17(3), 165–182.
76. Williams, A. M., & Shaw, G. (2009). Future play: tourism, recreation and land use. Land Use Policy, 26, S326-S335.
77. Yan, L., & Zhiping, W. (2023). Mapping the literature on academic publishing: A bibliometric analysis on WOS. Sage Open, 13(1), 21582440231158562.
78. Yang, C., Li, W., Dong, J., & Xining, J. (2020). Study on evaluation of marathon tourism effect in Rizhao City—An example of Rizhao International Marathon in 2019. Service Science and Management, 9(3), 139–148.
79. Yıldız, Ü., & Gürhan, N. (2020). The effects of alternative tourism activites on sustainable tourism potential and employment. Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica, 29(5), 1567-1581.
80. Zauhar, J. (2004). Historical perspectives of sports tourism. Journal of Sport & Tourism, 9(1), 5-101.
81. Zheng, E., Xue, C., Chen, G., Zhang, Y., & Zou, J. (2023). Unveiling urban marathon development characteristics and urban growth strategies in China: Insights from time series analysis of Baidu Search Index. PLoS ONE, 18(6 JUNE), 1–22.
82. Zhou, R., & Kaplanidou, K. (2018). Building social capital from sport event participation: An exploration of the social impacts of participatory sport events on the community. Sport Management Review, 21(5), 491-503.
83. Zouni, G., Markogiannaki, P., & Georgaki, I. (2021). A strategic tourism marketing framework for sports mega events: The case of Athens Classic (Authentic) Marathon. Tourism Economics, 27(3), 466–481.