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Central Serous Chorioretinopathy

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 138 - 146, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.618217

Öz

Central serous chorioretinopathy
(SSKR) is an idiopathic multifactorial disorder characterized by the
development of a serous detachment of the neurosensorial retina.
SSKRpathogenesis is not yet fully understood. Psychosocial
stress and hypercortisolism could be the triggered factors. SSKR occurs more
common in healthy men between 20 and 50 years of age. A primary involvement of
the RPE and choroidal vascularization  play a significant role in the pathogenesis of
SSKR. Current treatment options aim to restore RPE and choroidal vasculature
functions and to preserve the outer neurosensory retinal layers by achieving
complete resolution of serous neuroretinal detachment.

 




















Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar1. van Rijssen TJ, van Dijk EHC, Yzer S, Ohno-Matsui K, Keunen JEE, Schlingemann RO,et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy: Towards an evidence-based treatment guideline.Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019 Jul 15. pii: S1350-9462(18)30094-6. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.003. Review.2. Wang M, Munch IC, Hasler PW, Prunte C, Larsen M: Central serous chorioretinopathy.Acta Ophthalmol 2008; 86: 126–145.3. Liegl R, Ulbig MW. Central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2014;232:65-76.4. Von Graefe A. Ueber centrale recidivierende retinitis. Graefes Arch. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1866;12:211Y215.5. Gass JDM. Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuro-epithelium. II. Idiopathic central serous choroidopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;63:587Y615.6. Singh SR, Matet A, van Dijk EHC, Daruich A, Fauser S, Yzer S, et al. Discrepancy in current central serous chorioretinopathy classification.Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jun;103(6):737-742. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312435. 7. Levine R, Brucker AJ, Robinson F: Long-term follow-up of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy by fluorescein angiography. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 854–859.8. Bujarborua D. Long-term follow-up of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy without laser. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79:417–421.9. Iacono P, Battaglia Parodi M, Falcomatà B, Bandello F. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treatments: A Mini Review. Ophthalmic Res. 2015;55(2):76-83. doi: 10.1159/000441502. Epub 2015 Dec 1. Review.10. Yaylacıoğlu TF,Gürelik G. Santral Seröz Koryoretinopati. Ret-Vit 2010;18:85-11111. Wong KH, Lau KP, Chhablani J, Tao Y, Li Q, Wong IY. Central serous chorioretinopathy: what we have learnt so far. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016 Jun;94(4):321-5. doi: 10.1111/aos.12779. Epub 2015 Jul 1.12. Prakash G, Chauhan N, Jain S, Satsangi SK. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Review of the Literature. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2013 Mar-Apr;2(2):104-10. doi: 10.1097/APO.0b013e31829069ee.13. Cheung, C.M.G., Lee, W.K., Koizumi, H., Dansingani, K., Lai, T.Y.Y., Freund, K.B. Pachychoroid disease. Eye.2018; 33: 14–33.14. Nair U1, Ganekal S, Soman M, Nair K.Correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in acute central serous chorioretinopathy with visual acuity. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1949-54. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S3836315. Manayath GJ, Ranjan R, Karandikar SS, Shah VS, Saravanan VR, Narendran V. Central serous chorioretinopathy: Current update on management. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep-Dec; 11(3): 200–206. doi: 10.4103/ojo.OJO_29_2018 review16. Yannuzzi LA: Type-A behavior and central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 1987; 7: 111–131.17. Bousquet E, Beydoun T, Zhao M, Hassan L, Offret O, Behar-Cohen F. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy:A pilot study. Retina. 2013;33:2096–102. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318297a07a.18. Rahimy E, Pitcher JD, 3rd, Hsu J, Adam MK, Shahlaee A, Samara WA, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-control pilot study of eplerenone for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (ecselsior) Retina. 2018;38:962–9.19. Sacconi, R., Baldin, G., Carnevali, A., Querques, L., Rabiolo, A., Marchini, G., et al. Response of central serous chorioretinopathy evaluated by multimodal retinal imaging. Eye. 2018;32: 734–74220. Bousquet, E., Dhundass, M., Lejoyeux, R., Shinojima, A., Krivosic, V., Mrejen, S., et al. Predictive factors of response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2019; 198: 80–8721. Pikkel J, Beiran I, Ophir A, Miller B. Acetazolamide for central serous retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1723–522. Wuarin R, Kakkassery V, Consigli A, Roquelaure D, Papanastasiou A, Schutz JS, et al. Combined Topical Anti-inflammatory and Oral Acetazolamide in the Treatment of Central Serious Chorioretinopathy. Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Jul;96(7):500-506. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001394.23. Robertson DM, Ilstrup D. Direct, indirect, and sham laser photo¬coagulation in the management of central serous chorioretinopa¬thy. Am J Ophthalmol 1983;95:457-66.24. Ficker L, Vafidis G, While A, Leaver P. Long-term follow-up of a pro¬spective trial of argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of central serous retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1988;72:829-34.25. Daruich A, Matet A, Dirani A, Bousquet E,Zhao M, Farman N, et al.Central serous chorioretinopathy: recent findings and new physiopathology hypothesis.Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 48: 82–118.26. Bandello F, Lanzetta P, Furlan F, Polito A.Nonvisible subthreshold MicroPulse diode laser treatment of idiopathic central serouschorioretinopathy: a pilot study. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 2003; 44: 4858.27. Ricci F, Missiroli F, Regine F, Grossi M, Dorin G. Indocyanine green enhanced subthreshold diode-laser micropulse photocoagulation treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247:597-607.28. Verma L, Sinha R, Venkatesh P, Tewari HK. Comparative evaluation of diode laser versus argon laser photocoagulation in patients with central serous retinopathy: a pilot, randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN84128484]. BMC Ophthalmol 2004; 4: 1529. Chen SN, Hwang JF, Tseng LF, Lin CJ. Subthreshold diode micropulse photocoagulation for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with juxtafoveal leakage. Ophthalmology 2008;115:2229-3430. Kretz FT, Beger I, Koch F, Nowomiejska K, Auffarth GU, Koss MJ. Randomized clinical trial to compare micropulse photocoagulation versus half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. OphthalmicSurg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:837-43.31. Beger I, Koss MJ, Koch F. Treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy: MicroPulse photocoagulation versus bevacizumab. Ophthalmologe. 2012;109:1224-32.32. Yadav NK, Jayadev C, Mohan A, Vijayan P, Battu R, Dabir S, et al. Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577nm) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: safety profile and treatment outcome. Eye 2015;29:258–265.33. Scholz P, Ersoy L, Boon CJ, Fauser S. Subthreshold Micropulse Laser (577 nm) Treatment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2015;234(4):189-94.34. Manayath GJ, Narendran V, Arora S, Morris RJ, Saravanan VR, Shah PK, et al. Graded subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2012;43:284–90.35. Ji S, Wei Y, Chen J, Tang S. Clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF medications for central serous chorioretinopathy: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharm. 2017;39:514–21.36. Gülkaş S, Şahin Ö .Current Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Turk J Ophthalmol 2019;49:30-39. DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.4903537. Quin G, Liew G, Ho IV, Gillies M, Fraser-Bell S. Diagnosis and interventions for central serous chorioretinopathy: review and update. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;41:187-200.38. Battaglia Parodi M, Da Pozzo S, Ravalico G. Photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 2003; 23: 235–237.39. Yannuzzi LA, Slakter JS, Gross NE, Spaide RF, Costa DL, Huang SJ, et al. Indocyanine green angiography-guided photodynamic therapy for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. A pilot Study. Retina. 2003;23:288-29840. Chan WM, Lam DS, Lai TY, Tam BS, Liu DT, Chan CK. Choroidal vascular remodel¬ling in central serous chorioretinopathy after indocyanine green angiography guided photodynamic therapy with verteporfin: a novel treatment at the primary disease level. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:1453-8.41. Ruiz-Moreno JM, Lugo FL, Armadá F, Silva R, Montero JA, Arevalo JF, et al. Photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88:371–6.42. Şatırtav G, Kerimoğlu H, Oltulu R. Santral Seröz Koriyoretinopati . Ret-Vit 2014;22:169-17843. Zhao MW, Zhou P, Xiao HX, Lv YS, Li CA, Liu GD, et al. Photodynamic therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: The safe effective lowest dose of verteporfin. Retina. 2009;29:1155–61.44. Zhao M, Zhang F, Chen Y, Dai H, Qu J, Dong C,et al. A %50 vs. 30% dose of verteporfin (photodynamic therapy) for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015; 133: 333–340.45. Chan WM, Lai TY, Lai RY, Liu DT, Lam DS. Half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results of a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1756–1765.46. Son B.K., Kim K.Kim E.S., Yu S.Y. Long-Term Outcomes of Full-Fluence and Half-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2019;241(2):105-115. doi: 10.1159/000490773.47. Reibaldi M, Cardascia N, Longo A, Furino C, Avitabile T, Faro S, et al. Standard-fluence versus low-fluence photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: A nonrandomized clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:307–150048. Nicoló M, Eandi CM, Alovisi C, Grignolo FM, Traverso CE, Musetti D, et al. Half-fluence versus half-dose photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;157:1033–7.49. Lim JW, Kang SW, Kim YT, Chung SE, Lee SW.Comparative study of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy undergoing focal laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95: 514–517.50. van Dijk EHC, Fauser S, Breukink MB, Blanco-Garavito R, Groenewoud JMM, Keunen JEE, et al. Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy versus High-density Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy :The PLACE Trial. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1547-1555. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha. 2018.04.021. 51. van Rijssen TJ, van Dijk EHC, Scholz P, Breukink MB, Blanco-Garavito R, Souied EH, et al. Focal and diffuse chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treated with half-dose photodynamic therapy or subthreshold micropulse laser. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr 2. pii: S0002-9394(19)30135-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.03.025. [Epub ahead of print]

Santral Seröz Koriyoretinopati

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2, 138 - 146, 30.06.2020
https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.618217

Öz

Santral seröz koriyoretinopati (SSKR),  nörosensöriyel retinanın seröz dekolmanı ile
karakterize  çok faktörlü idiopatik bir
hastalıktır. Patogenezi tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. Psiko-sosyal stresler ve
hiperkortizolizm tetikleyici faktörler olabilmektedir. SSKR, genç erkeklerde ve
20-50 yaş aralığında daha sık görülmektedir. SSKR patogenezinde RPE ve koroidal
dolaşım primer rol oynamaktadır.
Mevcut
tedavi seçenekleri, RPE ve koroidal vasküler fonksiyonu restore etmeyi ve dış
nörosensöriyel retina tabakalarını korumayı ve nöroretinal seröz dekolmanın tamamen
çözülmesini sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Kaynaklar1. van Rijssen TJ, van Dijk EHC, Yzer S, Ohno-Matsui K, Keunen JEE, Schlingemann RO,et al. Central serous chorioretinopathy: Towards an evidence-based treatment guideline.Prog Retin Eye Res. 2019 Jul 15. pii: S1350-9462(18)30094-6. doi: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2019.07.003. Review.2. Wang M, Munch IC, Hasler PW, Prunte C, Larsen M: Central serous chorioretinopathy.Acta Ophthalmol 2008; 86: 126–145.3. Liegl R, Ulbig MW. Central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2014;232:65-76.4. Von Graefe A. Ueber centrale recidivierende retinitis. Graefes Arch. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 1866;12:211Y215.5. Gass JDM. Pathogenesis of disciform detachment of the neuro-epithelium. II. Idiopathic central serous choroidopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 1967;63:587Y615.6. Singh SR, Matet A, van Dijk EHC, Daruich A, Fauser S, Yzer S, et al. Discrepancy in current central serous chorioretinopathy classification.Br J Ophthalmol. 2019 Jun;103(6):737-742. doi: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312435. 7. Levine R, Brucker AJ, Robinson F: Long-term follow-up of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy by fluorescein angiography. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 854–859.8. Bujarborua D. Long-term follow-up of idiopathic central serous chorioretinopathy without laser. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001; 79:417–421.9. Iacono P, Battaglia Parodi M, Falcomatà B, Bandello F. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Treatments: A Mini Review. Ophthalmic Res. 2015;55(2):76-83. doi: 10.1159/000441502. Epub 2015 Dec 1. Review.10. Yaylacıoğlu TF,Gürelik G. Santral Seröz Koryoretinopati. Ret-Vit 2010;18:85-11111. Wong KH, Lau KP, Chhablani J, Tao Y, Li Q, Wong IY. Central serous chorioretinopathy: what we have learnt so far. Acta Ophthalmol. 2016 Jun;94(4):321-5. doi: 10.1111/aos.12779. Epub 2015 Jul 1.12. Prakash G, Chauhan N, Jain S, Satsangi SK. Central Serous Chorioretinopathy: A Review of the Literature. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila). 2013 Mar-Apr;2(2):104-10. doi: 10.1097/APO.0b013e31829069ee.13. Cheung, C.M.G., Lee, W.K., Koizumi, H., Dansingani, K., Lai, T.Y.Y., Freund, K.B. Pachychoroid disease. Eye.2018; 33: 14–33.14. Nair U1, Ganekal S, Soman M, Nair K.Correlation of spectral domain optical coherence tomography findings in acute central serous chorioretinopathy with visual acuity. Clin Ophthalmol. 2012;6:1949-54. doi: 10.2147/OPTH.S3836315. Manayath GJ, Ranjan R, Karandikar SS, Shah VS, Saravanan VR, Narendran V. Central serous chorioretinopathy: Current update on management. Oman J Ophthalmol. 2018 Sep-Dec; 11(3): 200–206. doi: 10.4103/ojo.OJO_29_2018 review16. Yannuzzi LA: Type-A behavior and central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 1987; 7: 111–131.17. Bousquet E, Beydoun T, Zhao M, Hassan L, Offret O, Behar-Cohen F. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy:A pilot study. Retina. 2013;33:2096–102. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0b013e318297a07a.18. Rahimy E, Pitcher JD, 3rd, Hsu J, Adam MK, Shahlaee A, Samara WA, et al. A randomized double-blind placebo-control pilot study of eplerenone for the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy (ecselsior) Retina. 2018;38:962–9.19. Sacconi, R., Baldin, G., Carnevali, A., Querques, L., Rabiolo, A., Marchini, G., et al. Response of central serous chorioretinopathy evaluated by multimodal retinal imaging. Eye. 2018;32: 734–74220. Bousquet, E., Dhundass, M., Lejoyeux, R., Shinojima, A., Krivosic, V., Mrejen, S., et al. Predictive factors of response to mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in nonresolving central serous chorioretinopathy. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 2019; 198: 80–8721. Pikkel J, Beiran I, Ophir A, Miller B. Acetazolamide for central serous retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 2002;109:1723–522. Wuarin R, Kakkassery V, Consigli A, Roquelaure D, Papanastasiou A, Schutz JS, et al. Combined Topical Anti-inflammatory and Oral Acetazolamide in the Treatment of Central Serious Chorioretinopathy. Optom Vis Sci. 2019 Jul;96(7):500-506. doi: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001394.23. Robertson DM, Ilstrup D. Direct, indirect, and sham laser photo¬coagulation in the management of central serous chorioretinopa¬thy. Am J Ophthalmol 1983;95:457-66.24. Ficker L, Vafidis G, While A, Leaver P. Long-term follow-up of a pro¬spective trial of argon laser photocoagulation in the treatment of central serous retinopathy. Br J Ophthalmol 1988;72:829-34.25. Daruich A, Matet A, Dirani A, Bousquet E,Zhao M, Farman N, et al.Central serous chorioretinopathy: recent findings and new physiopathology hypothesis.Prog Retin Eye Res 2015; 48: 82–118.26. Bandello F, Lanzetta P, Furlan F, Polito A.Nonvisible subthreshold MicroPulse diode laser treatment of idiopathic central serouschorioretinopathy: a pilot study. Invest Ophthal Vis Sci 2003; 44: 4858.27. Ricci F, Missiroli F, Regine F, Grossi M, Dorin G. Indocyanine green enhanced subthreshold diode-laser micropulse photocoagulation treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2009;247:597-607.28. Verma L, Sinha R, Venkatesh P, Tewari HK. Comparative evaluation of diode laser versus argon laser photocoagulation in patients with central serous retinopathy: a pilot, randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN84128484]. BMC Ophthalmol 2004; 4: 1529. Chen SN, Hwang JF, Tseng LF, Lin CJ. Subthreshold diode micropulse photocoagulation for the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy with juxtafoveal leakage. Ophthalmology 2008;115:2229-3430. Kretz FT, Beger I, Koch F, Nowomiejska K, Auffarth GU, Koss MJ. Randomized clinical trial to compare micropulse photocoagulation versus half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy in the treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy. OphthalmicSurg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2015;46:837-43.31. Beger I, Koss MJ, Koch F. Treatment of central serous chorioretinopathy: MicroPulse photocoagulation versus bevacizumab. Ophthalmologe. 2012;109:1224-32.32. Yadav NK, Jayadev C, Mohan A, Vijayan P, Battu R, Dabir S, et al. Subthreshold micropulse yellow laser (577nm) in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: safety profile and treatment outcome. Eye 2015;29:258–265.33. Scholz P, Ersoy L, Boon CJ, Fauser S. Subthreshold Micropulse Laser (577 nm) Treatment in Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2015;234(4):189-94.34. Manayath GJ, Narendran V, Arora S, Morris RJ, Saravanan VR, Shah PK, et al. Graded subthreshold transpupillary thermotherapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging. 2012;43:284–90.35. Ji S, Wei Y, Chen J, Tang S. Clinical efficacy of anti-VEGF medications for central serous chorioretinopathy: A meta-analysis. Int J Clin Pharm. 2017;39:514–21.36. Gülkaş S, Şahin Ö .Current Therapeutic Approaches to Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Turk J Ophthalmol 2019;49:30-39. DOI: 10.4274/tjo.galenos.2018.4903537. Quin G, Liew G, Ho IV, Gillies M, Fraser-Bell S. Diagnosis and interventions for central serous chorioretinopathy: review and update. Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2013;41:187-200.38. Battaglia Parodi M, Da Pozzo S, Ravalico G. Photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Retina 2003; 23: 235–237.39. Yannuzzi LA, Slakter JS, Gross NE, Spaide RF, Costa DL, Huang SJ, et al. Indocyanine green angiography-guided photodynamic therapy for treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. A pilot Study. Retina. 2003;23:288-29840. Chan WM, Lam DS, Lai TY, Tam BS, Liu DT, Chan CK. Choroidal vascular remodel¬ling in central serous chorioretinopathy after indocyanine green angiography guided photodynamic therapy with verteporfin: a novel treatment at the primary disease level. Br J Ophthalmol 2003;87:1453-8.41. Ruiz-Moreno JM, Lugo FL, Armadá F, Silva R, Montero JA, Arevalo JF, et al. Photodynamic therapy for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Acta Ophthalmol. 2010;88:371–6.42. Şatırtav G, Kerimoğlu H, Oltulu R. Santral Seröz Koriyoretinopati . Ret-Vit 2014;22:169-17843. Zhao MW, Zhou P, Xiao HX, Lv YS, Li CA, Liu GD, et al. Photodynamic therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: The safe effective lowest dose of verteporfin. Retina. 2009;29:1155–61.44. Zhao M, Zhang F, Chen Y, Dai H, Qu J, Dong C,et al. A %50 vs. 30% dose of verteporfin (photodynamic therapy) for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Ophthalmol 2015; 133: 333–340.45. Chan WM, Lai TY, Lai RY, Liu DT, Lam DS. Half-dose verteporfin photodynamic therapy for acute central serous chorioretinopathy: one-year results of a randomized controlled trial. Ophthalmology 2008; 115: 1756–1765.46. Son B.K., Kim K.Kim E.S., Yu S.Y. Long-Term Outcomes of Full-Fluence and Half-Fluence Photodynamic Therapy for Chronic Central Serous Chorioretinopathy. Ophthalmologica. 2019;241(2):105-115. doi: 10.1159/000490773.47. Reibaldi M, Cardascia N, Longo A, Furino C, Avitabile T, Faro S, et al. Standard-fluence versus low-fluence photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy: A nonrandomized clinical trial. Am J Ophthalmol. 2010;149:307–150048. Nicoló M, Eandi CM, Alovisi C, Grignolo FM, Traverso CE, Musetti D, et al. Half-fluence versus half-dose photodynamic therapy in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 2014;157:1033–7.49. Lim JW, Kang SW, Kim YT, Chung SE, Lee SW.Comparative study of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy undergoing focal laser photocoagulation or photodynamic therapy. Br J Ophthalmol 2011; 95: 514–517.50. van Dijk EHC, Fauser S, Breukink MB, Blanco-Garavito R, Groenewoud JMM, Keunen JEE, et al. Half-Dose Photodynamic Therapy versus High-density Subthreshold Micropulse Laser Treatment in patients with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy :The PLACE Trial. Ophthalmology. 2018 Oct;125(10):1547-1555. doi: 10.1016/j.ophtha. 2018.04.021. 51. van Rijssen TJ, van Dijk EHC, Scholz P, Breukink MB, Blanco-Garavito R, Souied EH, et al. Focal and diffuse chronic central serous chorioretinopathy treated with half-dose photodynamic therapy or subthreshold micropulse laser. Am J Ophthalmol. 2019 Apr 2. pii: S0002-9394(19)30135-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2019.03.025. [Epub ahead of print]
Toplam 1 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Handan Canan 0000-0002-5877-6536

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2020
Kabul Tarihi 25 Aralık 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 29 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

AMA Canan H. Santral Seröz Koriyoretinopati. aktd. Haziran 2020;29(2):138-146. doi:10.17827/aktd.618217