From Smallpox Epidemic to Covid-19 Pandemic; Vaccine Hesitancy and Vaccine Refusal

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4, 243 - 250, 30.12.2021

Adnan Barutçu Ezgi Çay Nurdan Evliyaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.975632

Öz

Epidemic diseases caused by microorganisms have taken an important place in human history since ancient times. Vaccines play an important role in the prevention of epidemics. The emergence of the smallpox vaccine idea by Dr. Edward Jenner for the first time in 1798 brought along the refusal of the vaccine by the circles offering unscientific reasons. In vaccine rejection or vaccine hesitancy; Many factors such as people's past experience with vaccines, superstitions about vaccines, and lack of knowledge about vaccines play a role. The benefits and possible side effects of vaccines have been discussed in many scientific studies and still continue to be discussed. In our world, which has witnessed many epidemics, the Covid-19 pandemic caused by the globally devastating Coronavirus; It has led to a reconsideration of the importance of vaccines and the epidemics seen in human history. In this review; Epidemics witnessed by human history from past to present, the history of vaccines, the concepts of vaccine refusal and vaccine hesitancy, and the reasons that reveal these concepts are discussed.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vaccine, epidemic, pandemic, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine refusal, covid-19

Çiçek Hastalığı Epidemisinden Covid-19 Pandemisine; Aşı Kararsızlığı ve Aşı Reddi

Öz

Eski zamanlardan günümüze kadar mikroorganizmaların neden olduğu salgın hastalıklar insanlık tarihinde önemli bir yer edinmiştir. Salgın hastalıkların önlenmesinde aşılar önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. İlk kez 1798 yılında Dr Edward Jenner tarafından Çiçek aşısı fikrinin ortaya çıkması, bilimsel olmayan nedenler sunan çevrelerce aşı reddini de beraberinde getirmiştir Aşı reddi veya aşı kararsızlığında; kişilerin aşılarla ilgili geçmiş tecrübeleri, aşılar ile ilgili hurafeler, aşılar hakkında yeterince bilgi sahibi olunmaması gibi birçok faktör rol almaktadır. Aşıların yararları ve olası yan etkileri bilimsel çevrelerce birçok çalışmada ele alınmış ve hala da ele alınmaya devam etmektedir. Birçok salgına tanıklık etmiş Dünya’mızda son olarak küresel boyutta yıkıcı olan Coronavirus’ün neden olduğu Covid-19 pandemisi; beraberinde aşıların önemini ve insanlık tarihinin gördüğü salgınları yeniden gözden geçirmeye neden olmuştur. Bu derlemede; geçmişten günümüze insanlık tarihinin tanık olduğu salgınlar, aşıların tarihçesi, aşı reddi ve aşı kararsızlığı kavramları, bu kavramları ortaya çıkaran nedenler ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Aşı, epidemi, pandemi, aşı kararsızlığı, aşı reddi, covid-19

Kaynakça

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