Psikiyatrik Boyutlarıyla Dürtüsellik

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 34 Sayı: 3, 195 - 208, 30.09.2025

Caner Yeşiloğlu , Tunahan Sun , Mehmet Emin Demirkol , Lut Tamam

https://doi.org/10.17827/aktd.1698682

Öz

Bu derleme, dürtüsellik kavramının psikiyatrik boyutlarını çok yönlü olarak incelemektedir. Dürtüsellik; plansız ve hızlı hareket etme, risk alma, ödül arayışı gibi davranış örüntüleriyle tanımlanır ve birçok psikiyatrik bozukluğun temel belirtileri arasında yer almaktadır. Bireylerin yaklaşık %11’inde dürtüsel davranış örüntüleri klinik düzeyde gözlenmektedir. Dürtüsellik, dikkat eksikliği ve hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DEHB) olgularının %70’inden fazlasında görülmekte ve bu bireylerde akademik ve sosyal işlevselliği önemli ölçüde etkilemektedir. Nörobiyolojik düzeyde prefrontal ve orbitofrontal korteks gibi beyin bölgeleri ile serotonin, dopamin ve noradrenalin sistemlerinin dürtüsellikte belirleyici olduğu gösterilmiştir. Cinsiyet farklılıkları ve hormonal etkiler dürtüsel davranışların ortaya çıkışında önemli bir role sahiptir. Dürtüsellik; DEHB, kişilik bozuklukları, duygudurum bozuklukları ve madde kullanım bozuklukları gibi birçok psikiyatrik bozuklukta önemli bir belirti olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Değerlendirmelerde öz bildirim ölçekleri, davranışsal testler ve biyolojik ölçümler birlikte kullanılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, dürtüsellik çok boyutlu ve kompleks bir davranış örüntüsü olup, psikiyatrik bozuklukların anlaşılmasında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu alanda yapılacak ileri araştırmalar, dürtüselliğin biyolojik temellerinin ve psikiyatrik bozukluklardaki rolünün daha iyi anlaşılmasına katkı sağlayacak, tedavi yaklaşımlarının iyileştirilmesi açısından büyük önem taşıyacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dürtüsellik , Psikiyatrik bozukluklar , Nörobiyoloji , Cinsiyet farklılıkları , Madde kullanım bozuklukları

The Psychiatric Dimensions of Impulsivity

Öz

This review explores the multifaceted psychiatric dimensions of impulsivity. Defined by patterns of unplanned, rapid actions, risk-taking, and reward-seeking behavior, impulsivity is a key feature in many psychiatric disorders. Impulsive behavior patterns are observed at a clinical level in approximately 11% of individuals. Impulsivity is seen in more than 70% of attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) cases and significantly affects academic and social functioning in these individuals. Neurobiologically, regions such as the prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortex, along with neurotransmitter systems like serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine, play a critical role in impulsive behavior. Gender differences and hormonal influences also shape how impulsivity is expressed. Impulsivity is notably associated with disorders such as ADHD, personality disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders. Assessment methods include self-report questionnaires, behavioral laboratory tasks, and biological measurements. In conclusion, impulsivity is a complex and multidimensional behavioral pattern that plays a significant role in understanding psychiatric disorders. Future research in this field is essential to better understand the biological underpinnings of impulsivity and its role in mental illness, which will be crucial for improving therapeutic approaches.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Impulsivity , Psychiatric disorders , Neurobiology , Gender differences , Substance use disorders

Kaynakça

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