Investigation and Quantification of Electrochemical Properties of the Anti-Cancer Drug Vinblastine on the Pencil Graphite Electrode Surface

Yıl 2023, , 344 - 354, 03.05.2023

Günay Önal

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1173208

Öz

Vinblastine (VNB) is an antineoplastic drug used in cancer chemotherapy. In this presented study, the
electrochemical properties of VNB were investigated in a wide pH range with disposable pencil graphite
(PG) electrode and different supporting electrolytes "Britton–Robinson (0.04 M BR, pH 2.0-12.0),
phosphate (0.04 M PBS, pH)". 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, 7.4) and acetate (0.04 M ABS, pH 4.8) were studied by cyclic
voltammetry "CV" and Square Wave Voltammetry "SWV" techniques. VNB gave an irreversible
oxidation peak with CV in BR (pH 2.0) at +0.993 V potential and 3.844 µA current. With the SWV
technique, the anodic current signal showed a linear correlation with the concentration between 11
nM and 495 nM in BR (pH 2.0) '' Ip (µA) = 0.0087 C (nM) - 0.3448 (r = 0.993, n = 12) '' . At a concentration
level of 11 nM, a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.4 nM and a relative standard deviation of 2.93% were
calculated. The analytical application of the proposed method has been practiced in drug and urine
samples and demonstrated with recoveries.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vinblastine, Pencil Graphite Electrode, Voltammetry, Vial, urine

Anti-Kanser İlaç Vinblastin’in Kalem Grafit Elektrot Yüzeyinde Elektrokimyasal Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi Ve Miktar Tayini

Öz

Kanser kemoterapisinde kullanılan vinblastin (VNB) antineoplastik bir ilaçtır. Sunulan bu çalışmada,
VNB‘nin elektrokimyasal özellikleri tek kullanımlık kalem grafit (PG) elektrot ile geniş bir pH aralığında
ve farklı destek elektrolitler ‘’Britton–Robinson (0.04 M BR, pH 2.0-12.0), fosfat (0.04 M PBS, pH 2.0,
3.0, 4.0, 7.4) ve asetat ( 0.04 M ABS, pH 4.8) içinde döngüsel voltametri ‘’CV’’ ve Kare Dalga Voltametri
‘’SWV’’ teknikleriyle incelenmiştir. VNB, +0.993 V gerilim ve 3.844 µA akım değerinde BR (pH 2.0) içinde
CV ile tersinmez bir yükseltgenme piki vermiştir. SWV tekniği ile anodik akım sinyali, BR (pH 2.0)
içerisinde 11 nM ile 495 nM arasında derişim ile doğrusal bir korelasyon gösterdi ‘’Ip (µA) = 0.0087 C
(nM) - 0.3448 (r = 0.993, n = 12)’’ . 11 nM derişim seviyesinde, 2.4 nM gözlenebilme sınırı (LOD) ve %
2.93 göreli standart sapma hesaplandı. Önerilen yöntemin analitik uygulaması ilaç ve idrar örneklerinde
pratik edilmiş ve geri kazanımlarla gösterilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Vinblastin;, kalem grafit elektrot, voltametri, Flakon, idrar

Kaynakça

• Achanta, S, Ngo, M, Veitenheimer, A, Maxwell, LK, Wagner, JR, 2013. Simultaneous quantification of vinblastine and desacetylvinblastine concentrations in canine plasma and urine samples using LC–APCI–MS/MS. Journal of Chromatography B, 913, 147-154.
• Ali, HS, Abdullah, AA, Talay Pınar, P, Yardım, Y, Şentürk, Z, 2017. Simultaneous voltammetric determination of vanillin and caffeine in food products using an anodically pretreated boron-doped diamond electrode: Its comparison with HPLC-DAD. Talanta, 170, 384-391.
• Alpar, N, Talay Pınar, P, Yardım, Y, Şentürk Z, 2017. Voltammetric method for the simultaneous determination of melatonin and pyridoxine in dietary supplements using a cathodically pretreated borondoped diamond electrode. Electroanalysis, 29, 1– 10.
• Altunkaynak, Y, Yavuz, Ö, Levent, A, 2021. Firstly electrochemical examination of vildagliptin at disposable graphite sensor: Sensitive determination in drugs and human urine by square-wave voltammetry. Microchemical Journal, 170, 106653.
• Arvas, MB, Gürsu, H, Gençten, M, Sahin, Y, 2018. Electrochemical formation of molybdenum phosphate on a pencil graphite electrode and its potential application for the detection of phosphate ions. Analytical Methods, 10, 4282-4291.
• Bond, AM, Mahon, PJ, Schiewe, J, Vicente-Beckett, V, 1997. An inexpensive and renewable pencil electrode for use in field-based stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta, 345, 67-74.
• Brainina, Kh. Z, 2001. Electroanalysis: From laboratory to field versions. Journal of Analytical Chemistry,56, 344-354.
• Brett, AMO, Grazina, MMM, Macedo, TRA, Raimundo, D, 1994. Anodic behavior of some vinca alkaloids with cytostatic activity: effect of pH. Electroanalysis, 6, 57-61.
• Chen, Q, Li, N, Zhang, W, Chen, J, Chen Z, 2011. Simultaneous determination of vinblastine and its monomeric precursors vindoline and catharanthine in Catharanthus roseus by capillary electrophoresis– mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci, 34, 2885–92
• Farghaly, OA, Abdel Hameed, RS, Abu-Nawwas, AH, 2014. Analytical Application Using Modern Electrochemical Techniques, Internal Journal of Electrochemical Science, 9, 3287-3318
• Favretto, D, Piovan, A, Filippini, R, Caniato, R, 2001. Monitoring the production yields of vincristine and vinblastine in Catharanthus roseus from somatic embryogenesis. Semiquantitative determination by flow-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 15, 364–9
• Gan, PP, Kavallaris, M, 2008. Tubulin-targeted drug action: functional significance of class II and class IVb {beta}-tubulin in vinca alkaloid sensitivity. Cancer Research, 68, 9817–9824
• Gao, S, Zhou, J, Zhang, F, Miao, H, Yun, Y, Feng, J, Tao, X, Chen, W, 2014. Rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of paclitaxel, docetaxel, vinblastine, and vinorelbine in human plasma. Ther Drug Monit, 36, 394–400
• Haghshenas, E, Madrakian, T, Afkhami, A, Nabiabad, H.S, 2017. A label-free electrochemical biosensor based on tubulin immobilized on gold nanoparticle/ glassy carbon electrode for the determination of vinblastine, Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 409, 5269–5278
• Haque, IU, Saba, H, 2009. Voltammetry of an anti-cancer drug. Electrochemical Society Transactions, 16, 3-23.
• Haque, IU, Saba, H, 2010. Electrochemical Society Transactions, 25, 41
• Kavallaris, M, Annereau, JP, Barret, JM, 2008. Potential mechanisms of resistance to microtubule inhibitors. Seminars in On A label-free electrochemical biosensor based on tubulin immobilized on gold nanoparticle/glassy carbon electrode for the determination of vinblastine. Anal Bioanal Chem, 409, 5269–5278
• Kosjek, T, Dolinšek, T, Gramec, D, Heath, E, Strojan, P, Serša, G, Čemažar, M, 2013. Determination of vinblastine in tumour tissue with liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta, 116, 887-893.
• Laviron, E, 1979. The use of linear potential sweep voltammetry and of ac voltammetry for the study of the surface electrochemical reaction of strongly adsorbed systems and of redox modified electrodes. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry and Interfacial Electrochemistry, 100, 263-270.
• Levent, A, Yardim, Y, Senturk, Z, 2009. Voltammetric behavior of nicotine at pencil graphite electrode and its enhancement determination in the presence of anionic surfactant. Electrochimica Acta, 55, 190-195.
• Levent, A, Onal, G, 2018. Application of a pencil graphite electrode for voltammetric simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid, norepinephrine, and uric acid in real samples. Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 42, 460 – 471.
• Lin, Z, Qing-Hui, G, Yuan-Gang, Z, Lei, Y, Yu-Liang, M, Yang, L, 2014. Simultaneous quantitative determination of five alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Chin J Nat Med, 12, 786–93.
• Ly, SY, Jung, YS, Kim, MH, Han, IK, Jung, WW, Kim, SH, 2004. Determination of caffeine using a simple graphite pencil electrode with square-wave anodic stripping voltammetry. Microchimica Acta, 146, 207- 213
• Negreira, N, Mastroianni, N, Alda, ML, Barcelo, D, 2013. Multianalyte determination of 24 cytostatics and metabolites by liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry and study of their stability and optimum storage conditions in aqueous solution. Talanta, 116, 290-299.
• Ozcan, A, Gürbüz, M, Özcan, AA, 2018. Preparation of a disposable and low-cost electrochemical sensor for propham detection based on over-oxidized poly(thiophene) modified pencil graphite electrode. Talanta, 187, 125-132.
• Özkan, SA, Kauffmann, JM, Zuman, P, 2015. Electroanalysis in Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Voltammetry, Amperometry, Biosensors, Applications. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
• Owellen, R, Donigian, DW, Hartke, CA, Hains, FO, 1977. Correlation of biologic data with physico-chemical properties among the vinca alkaloids and their congeners. Biochemical pharmacology, 26, 1213-1219.
• Pasquier, E, Kavallaris, M, 2008. Microtubules: a dynamic target in cancer therapy. International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Life, 60, 165–170 cology 35: S22–S27.
• Rusling, JF, Scheer, BJ, Haque, IU, 1984. Voltammetric oxidation of vinblastine and related compounds. Analytica Chimica Acta, 158, 23-32.
• Sidorova, AA, Yaroshenko, DV, Murashko, EA, Grigor’ev, AV, 2013. Development of chromatographic and electrophoretic ethods for determining vinblastine in blood plasma and prostate gland tissue. J Anal Chem, 68, 265–71.
• Stokvis, E, Rosing, H, Beijnen, JH. 2005. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for the quantitative bioanalysis of anticancer drugs. Mass Spectrometry Reviews, 24, 887–917.
• Temizer, A, 1986. Electroanalytical determination of vinca alkaloids used in cancer chemotheraphy. Talanta, 33, 791-794.
• Talay Pınar, P, Yardım, Y, Şentürk, Z, 2018. Electrochemical oxidation of ranitidine at poly(dopamine) modified carbon paste electrode: Its voltammetric determination in pharmaceutical and biological samples based on the enhancement effect of anionic surfactant. Sensors and Actuators: B. Chemical, 273, 1463–1473
• Talay Pınar, P, 2018. Electrochemical behaviour of ofloxacin in pharmaceutical and biological samples using a boron-doped diamond electrode in using anionic surfactant. Gazi University Journal of Science, 31, 66-80.
• Wang, J, Kawde, AN, Sahlin, E, 2000. Renewable pencil electrodes for highly sensitive stripping potentiometric measurements of DNA and RNA. Analyst, 125, 5-7.
• Wang, J, Kawde, A.N, 2001. Pencil-based renewable biosensor for label-free electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization. Analytica Chimica Acta, 431, 219-224.