GIS-Based Car Parking Suitability Analysis in Sustainable Transportation Planning

Yıl 2024, , 628 - 640, 27.06.2024

Arif Çağdaş Aydınoğlu , Süleyman Şişman , Mesube Azize Şaşmaz , Selin Nur Akın

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1332755

Öz

Recently, changes in working life and daily lifestyles have caused more people to move to cities. The increasing population brought the rapid increase in the number of vehicles in parallel and negatively affected the urban transportation systems. Therefore, problems occur due to the lack of car parking areas, which are of great importance in sustainable urban transportation, and their planning in unsuitable locations. Considering that cars spend most of their time in car parking areas known as static traffic, traffic congestion and mobility of cars are optimized by determining suitable parking locations. This situation is of great importance in terms of car ownership and ensuring fluently transportation in metropolitan areas where the population per unit area is high. In this study, 23 criteria were determined in the criteria groups of Transportation, Economy & Finance and Potential Attraction Properties for sustainable transportation planning in the car parking suitability analysis. For criterion weights, a survey was conducted with participation of relevant sector stakeholders. The surveys were analyzed using the Best Worst Method (BWM) technique, one of the Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) techniques, and criterion weights were calculated. Pendik and Tuzla districts of Istanbul and Gebze, Çayırova and Darıca districts of Kocaeli were determined as the study area, and data representing criteria were obtained in the study area. Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based suitability analysis was performed by evaluating data with geographical analysis techniques such as proximity, slope, fuzzy logic and weighted overlay. Thus, a total of 18.38 km2 in 5 different locations in Pendik, a total of 8.55 km2 in 4 different locations in Tuzla and 6.51 km2 in Gebze were determined as zonal suitable areas. The results can be considered as effective decision support mechanism for locating parking areas in suitable locations in cities. Car parking areas planned in suitable locations can contribute to improving the quality of urban life by reducing traffic congestion and carbon emissions released into environment.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Best Worst Method (BWM);, Geographic Information Systems, Fuzzy Logic, ; Car Parking Suitability Analysis

Sürdürülebilir Ulaşım Planlamasında CBS Tabanlı Otopark Uygunluk Analizi

Öz

Son zamanlarda çalışma hayatı ve günlük yaşam biçimlerindeki değişimler daha fazla insanın şehirlere yönelmesine neden olmuştur. Artan nüfus, araç sayısındaki hızlı artışı da paralelinde getirmiş olup şehir içi ulaşım sistemlerini olumsuz etkilemiştir. Bu yüzden sürdürülebilir kentsel ulaşımda büyük öneme sahip otoparkların eksik olması ve uygun olmayan konumlara planlanmasından dolayı problemler meydana gelmektedir. Araçların durağan trafik olarak bilinen otoparklarda zamanının çoğunu geçirdiği göz önüne alındığında, uygun otopark konumların belirlenmesi ile trafik sıkışıklığı ve araçların hareket kabiliyeti optimize edilmektedir. Araç sahipliği ve birim alandaki nüfusun fazla olduğu metropoliten alanlarda ulaşımın sorunsuz sağlanması açısından bu durum büyük öneme sahiptir. Bu çalışmada sürdürülebilir ulaşım planlamasın için otopark uygunluk analizinde Ulaşım, Ekonomi&Finans ve Potansiyel Çekim Özellikleri kriter gruplarında 23 kriter belirlenmiştir. Kriter ağırlıkları için ilgili sektör paydaşlarının katıldığı anket çalışması gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anketler Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) tekniklerinden En İyi-En Kötü (Best Worst Method-BWM) tekniği ile analiz edilmiş olup, kriter ağırlıkları hesaplanmıştır. İstanbul’un Pendik ve Tuzla ilçeleri ile Kocaeli’nin Gebze, Çayırova ve Darıca ilçeleri çalışma alanı olarak belirlenmiş olup, çalışma alanında kriterlere ilişkin veriler elde edilmiştir. Veriler yakınlık, eğim, bulanık mantık ve ağırlıklı bindirme gibi coğrafi analiz teknikleri ile değerlendirilerek Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) tabanlı uygunluk analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Böylelikle Pendik ilçesinde 5 farklı konumda toplam 18.38 km2, Tuzla ilçesinde 4 farklı konumda toplam 8.55 km2 ve Gebze ilçesinde 6.51 km2 bölgesel uygun alanlar tespit edilmiştir. Sonuçlar kentlerde otoparkların uygun yerlere konumlandırılmasında etkin karar-destek mekanizması olarak değerlendirilebilir. Uygun yerlere planlanmış otoparklar trafik sıkışıklığı ve çevreye salınan karbon emisyonlarının azaltılmasıyla kentsel yaşam kalitesinin artırılmasına katkı sağlayabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

En İyi-En Kötü Yöntemi(BWM), Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri, Bulanık Mantık, Otopark Uygunluk Analizi

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma kapsamında kullanılan coğrafi verilerin temini konusunda Kocaeli Büyükşehir Belediyesi (KBB) Bilgi İşlem Dairesi Başkanlığı, Akıllı Şehirler ve Kent Bilgi Sistemleri Şube Müdürlüğü’ne, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi (İBB) Ulaşım Daire Başkanlığı, Ulaşım Planlama Müdürlüğü’ne ve anketlere katılım sağlayan İSPARK İstanbul Otopark İşletmeleri Tic. AŞ çalışanlarına teşekkürlerimizi sunarız.

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