The Effect of Salinity on Plants and Salt Tolerance Mechanisms

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 11 - 34, 01.08.2011

Şeküre Çulha Hüsnü Çakırlar

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Tuzluluğun Bitkiler Üzerine Etkileri ve Tuz Tolerans Mekanizmaları

Öz

Tuz stresi, özellikle kurak ve yarı kurak bölgelerde bitkilerin gelişimini etkileyerek ürün verimliliğini sınırlandıran önemli abiyotik stres faktörlerinden biridir. Bitkilerde osmotik ve iyon stresine neden olarak büyümeyi ve gelişmeyi etkileyen tuz stresinin bu olumsuz etkileri; tuzun çeşidine, stresin düzeyine ve süresine, strese maruz kalan bitkinin genotipine ve gelişim evresine bağlı olarak değişir. Tuzluluğa maruz kalan bitkilerde çeşitli metabolik olayların ve özellikle de fotosentetik aktivitenin etkilenmesi bitkilerin hayatta kalma şansını azaltabilmektedir. Bazı bitkiler bu koşullara karşı duyarlılık gösterirken, bazıları çeşitli fizyolojik, biyokimyasal ve moleküler cevaplar ile indüklenen tolerans mekanizmalarıyla hayatta kalmayı başarırlar. Tuzluğuğa karşı bu tolerans mekanizmalarını sağlayan fizyolojik ve biyokimyasal cevapları; iyonların seçici olarak biriktirilmesi veya atılımı, kökte iyon alımının ve sürgüne iletiminin kontrolü, iyonların bitkide ve hücrelerde belirli bölümlerde biriktirilmesi, osmotik düzenleyicilerin sentezi ve antioksidan sistemler oluştururken; moleküler cevapları sinyal iletim yolları ile çeşitli genlerin aktivasyonu ve /veya inaktivasyonu oluşturur. Fizyolojik, biyokimyasal ve moleküler cevapların sonucunda bitkilerde tuz regülasyonunun korunması sağlanır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Tuz stresi, tuz toleransı, morfolojik ve oksidatif değişiklikler, tolerans mekanizmaları

Kaynakça

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