Electrokinetic Properties of Kaolins Belong to Eskişehir-Mihalıçcık

Yıl 2011, Cilt: 11 Sayı: 2, 9 - 18, 01.08.2011

Sedef Dikmen Bahri Ersoy Süleymen Akpınar Hasan Bircan , Önder Orhun

Öz

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Eskişehir-Mihalıçcık Kaolenlerinin Elektrokinetik Özellikleri

Öz

Bu çalışmada, Eskişehir-Mihalıçcık ilçesi Ahırözü ve Üçbaşlı köylerindeki kil yataklarından temin edilen kaolen numuneleri karakterize edilerek, su içerisinde elektrokinetik özellikleri incelenmiştir. Bu kapsamda, her iki kaolen numunesinin de pH’ya, tek, çift ve üç değerlikli elektrolit türüne ve bu elektrolitlerin konsantrasyonuna bağlı olarak zeta potansiyel (ZP) ölçümleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Ahırözü kaoleninin sıfır yük noktası ~pH 4,2 iken, Üçbaşlı kaoleninin sıfır yük noktası ~pH 3,2 olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışılan 2-11 pH aralığında Üçbaşlı kaoleninin, Ahırözü kaolenine göre daha negatif yüke sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu farklılık kaolen numunelerinin mineralojik ve kimyasal bakımdan farklılığından kaynaklanmaktadır. Ancak her iki yörenin kaoleni de, farklı elektrolitler varlığında benzer yük davranışı sergilemiştir. NaCl ve KCl gibi tek değerlikli elektrolitler kaolenlerin zeta potansiyelini negatif yönde artırırken, bunun aksine iki (CaCl ve MgCl2) ve üç (Al(NO3)3) değerlikli elektrolitler zeta potansiyeli (mutlak değer olarak) azaltmıştır. Kaolenlerin yüzey işaretinin negatiften pozitife dönüşebilmesi ise ancak Al(NO3)3 varlığında Al+3 gibi +3 değerlikli katyonların kaolen tabaka kenar yüzeylerine spesifik adsorplanmasıyla mümkün olabilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kaolen, Kaolinit, Zeta potansiyel, Sıfır yük noktası, Elektrolit.

Kaynakça

• Alkan, M., Demirbaş, Ö. ve Doğan, M., 2005. Electrokinetic Properties of Kaolinite in Mono- and Multivalent Mesopor. Mat. 83, 51-59. Solutions, Micropor.
• Andrew S., John P. LaFemina, Structure of Mineral Surfaces, 1996. (Brady, P.V., 1996. Physics and chemistry of Mineral Surfaces) Ed.: P.V. Brady, CRC Press, Albuquerque, USA.
• Ateşok, G., Somasundaran, P. ve Morgan, L.J., 1988. Charge Effects in the Adsorption of Polyacrylamides on Sodium Kaolinite and Its Flocculation, Powder Technol. 54, 77-83.
• Bozdoğan, İ., 2006. Türkiye Kaolin Sektörünün Analizi: Güncel Durum ve Sorunlar, Kibited 1(2), 73-80.
• Brady, P.V., Cygan, R.T. ve Nagy, K.L., 1996. Molecular Controls of Kaolinite Surface Charge, J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 183, 356-364.
• Braggs, B., Fornasiero, D., Ralston, J. ve Smart, R. St., 1994. The Effect of Surface Modification by an Organosilane on the Electrochemical Properties of Kaolinite, Clay Clay Miner. 42 (2), 123-136.
• Bundy, W.M., 1993. The Diverse Industrial Application of Kaolin, Special Publication No.1, Clay Minerals Society, Boulder, 43-73.
• Cases, J.M., Touret-Poinsignon, C. ve Vestier, D., 1971. Acad. Sci. Ser. C, 272, pp. 728.
• Chassagne, C., Mietta, F., Winterwerp, J.C., 2009. Electrokinetic Study of Kaolinite Suspensions, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 336, 352-359.
• Chow, R.S., 1991. The Stability of Kaolinite-in- Water Dispersions: Colloids and Surfaces 61, 241-253.
• Çelik, M.S., 2004. Elektrokinetic Behavior of Clay Surfaces, in Clay Surfaces (Fundemantals and Applications) eds: F.Wypych, K.G.Satyanarayana, Elsevier Academic Press, Amsterdam, pp.57-89).
• Çelik, M.S. ve Ersoy, B. 2004. Mineral Nanoparticles: Electrokinetics, in: J.A. Schwarz, C.I. Contescu, K. Putyera (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Marcel-Dekker, New York, USA, 1991-2005.
• Dinger, D.R. 2002. Rheology for Ceramics, Dinger Ceramic Consulting Service, Clemson, p.213.
• DPT, 2001. Madencilik Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Endüstriyel Hammaddeler Alt Komisyonu Toprak Sanayii Hammaddeleri I (Seramik Killeri-Kaolen- Feldspat-Pirofillit-Wollastonit-Talk) Çalışma Grubu Raporu, Ankara.
• Ersoy, B. ve Çelik, M.S., 2002. Electrokinetic Properties of Clinoptilolite with Mono- and Multivalent Electrolytes, Micropor. Mesopor. Mat. 55, 305-312.
• Ersoy, B., Sarıışık, A., Dikmen, S. ve Sarıışık, G., 2010. Characterization of Acidic Pumice and Determination of its Electrokinetic Properties in Water, Powder Technol. 197, 129-135.
• Greenwood, R., Lapcikova, B., Surynek, M., Waters, K. ve Lapcik, L., 2007. The Zeta Potential of Kaolin Suspensions Measured by Electroacoustics, Chem. Papers, 61(2), 83-92.
• Grim, R.E., 1968. Clay Mineralogy (second edition), McGraw-Hill Book Comp., New York.
• Hu, Y., Jiang, H. ve Wang, D., 2003. Electrokinetic Behaviour and Flotation of Kaolinite in CTAB Solution, Miner. Eng. 16, 1221-1223.
• Hu, Y. ve Liu, X., 2003. Chemical Composition and Surface Property of Kaolins, Miner. Eng., 16, 1279- 1284.
• Hunter, R.J., 1981. Zeta Potential in Colloid Science, Academic Press Inc., San Diego.
• Hussain, S. A., Demirci, Ş. ve Özbayoğlu, G., 1996. Zeta Potential Measurements on Three Clays from Turkey and Effects of Clays on Coal Flotation, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 184, 535-541.
• Inyang, H.I. ve Bae, S. 2005. Polyacrylamide Sorption Opportunity on Interlayer and External Pore Surfaces of Contaminant Barrier Clays, Chemosphere, 58, 19- 31.
• Jiang, M., Jin, X., Lu, X. ve Chen, Z., 2010. Adsorption of Pb(II), Cd(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) onto Natural Kaolinite Clay, Desalination, 252, 33-39.
• Johnson, S.B., Russel, A.S. ve Scales, P.J., 1998. Volume Fraction Electroacoustic Studies of Concentrated Alumina and Kaolin Suspensions, Coll. Surf. A., 141, 119-130.
• Johnson, S.B., Franks, G.V., Scales, P.J., Boger, D.V. ve Healy, T.W., 2000. Surface chemistry-rheology relationships in concentrated mineral suspensions, Int. J. Miner. Process., 58, 267-304.
• Karaoğlu, M. H., Doğan M., Alkan, M., 2010. Kinetic Analysis of Reactive Blue 221 Adsorption on Kaolinite, Desalination, 256(1-3), 154-165.
• Kibici, Y., 2002. Seramik Hamaddeleri ve Teknolojik Özellikleri, Afyonkarahisar.
• Kingery, W.D., 1960. Introduction to Ceramics, John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York.
• Kogel, j.E., Trivedi, N.C., Barker, J.M. ve Krukowski, S.T. 2006. Industrial Minerals&Rocks, Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, Inc.,Colorado, USA, pp. 1548.
• Kraepiel, A.M., Keller, K., Morel, F.M.M., 1998. On the acid-base chemistry of permanently charged minerals, Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 2829-2838.
• Ma, K. ve Pierre, A.C., 1999. Clay Sediment-Structure Formation in Aqueous Kaolinite Suspensions, Clay Clay Min., 47 (4), 522-526.
• Mpofu, P., Addai-Mensah, J., Ralston, J., 2004. Investigation of the effect of polymer structure type on flocculation, rheology and dewatering behaviour of kaolinite dispersions, Int. J. Miner. Process. 17, 411-423.
• Meunier, A., 2005. Clays, Springer, Berlin, pp. 470.
• Moore, D.M. ve Reynolds, R.C., 1997, X-Ray Diffraction and the Identification and Analysis of Clay Minerals, 2nd ed., Oxford University Press, New York, 378s.
• Murray, H.H., 2007. Applied Clay Mineralogy, Elsevier, UK, pp. 179.
• Olphen, V., 1977. Clay Colloid Chemistry, J. Willey and Sons, New York, USA.
• Parks, G.A., 1965. The Isoelectric Points of Solid Oxides, Solid Hydroxides, and Aqueous Hydroxo Complex Systems. Chem. Reviews 65, 177-198.
• Pruett, R.J. ve Webb, H.L. 1993. Sampling and Analysis of KGa-1B Well Crystallized Kaolin Source Clay. Clay Clay Miner., 41, 514-519.
• Rand, B. ve Melton, J.E., 1977. Particle Interactions in Aqueous Kaolinite Suspensions I. Effect of pH and Electrolyte upon the Mode of Particle Interaction in Homoionic Sodium Kaolinite Suspension, J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 60(2), 308-320.
• Reed, J.S. 1994. Principles of Ceramics Processing (second edition), John Wiley & Sons Inc., New York, USA, p. 658.
• Rodriguez, K. ve Araujo, M., 2006. Temperature and Pressure Effects on Zeta Potential Values of Reservoir Minerals, J. Colloid Interf. Sci., 300, 788- 794.
• Sarı, A., Tüzen, M., Çıtak, D. ve Soylak, M., 2007. Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies of Adsorption of Pb(II) from Aqueous Solutions onto Turkish Kaolinite Clay, J. Hazard Mater., 149, 283- 291.
• Siffert, B. ve Kim, K.B., 1992. Study of the Surface Ionization of Kaolinite in Water by Zetametry- Influence on the Rheological Properties of Kaolinite Suspension, Appl. Clay Sci., 6, 369-382.
• Sjöberg, M., Bergström, L., Larsson, A. ve Sjöström, E., 1999. The Effect of Polymer and Surfactant Adsorption on the Colloidal Stability and Rheology of Kaolin Dispersions, Coll. Surf., A., 159, 197-208.
• Smith, R.W. ve Narimatsu, Y., 1993. Electrokinetic Behavior of Kaolinite in Surfactant Solutions as Measured by Both the Microelectrophoresis and Streaming Potential Methods, Miner. Eng. 6(7), 753- 763.
• Tombacz, E. ve Szekeres, M., 2006. Surface Charge Heterogeneity of Kaolinite in Aqueous Suspension in Comparison with Montmorillonite. Appl. Clay Sci. 34, 105-124.
• Williams, D.J.A. ve Williams, K.P., 1978. Electrophoresis and Zeta Potential of Kaolinite, J. Coll. Inter. Sci. 65 (1), 80–87.
• Yariv, S. ve Cross, H. 1979. Geochemistry of Colloid Systems. Springer, Berlin.
• Yıldız, N., Erol, M., Baran, B., Sarıkaya, Y. ve Çalımlı, A.,1998. Modification of Rheology and Permeability of Turkish Ceramic Clays Using Sodium Silicate, Appl. Clay Sci., 13(1), 65-77.
• Yuan, J. ve Pruett, R.J., 1998. Zeta Potential and Related Properties of Kaolin Clays from Georgia, Miner. Metall. Process., (2), 50-52.
• Zaman, A.A., Tsuchiya, R. ve Moudgil, B.M., 2002. Adsorption of Low-Molecular-Weight Polyacrylic Acid on Silica, Alumina, and Kaolin, J. Coll. Inter. Sci., 256, 73-78.
• Zaman, A.A. ve Mathur, S., 2004. Influence of Dispersing
• Agents and Solution Conditions on the Solubility of
• Crude Kaolin, J. Coll. Inter. Sci., 271, 124-130.