Karkas Et Üretiminin Çevresel Etkilerinin Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi ile Belirlenmesi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 6, 1466 - 1480, 28.12.2023

Nur Seda Şahin , Yasemin Kaya , İlda Vergili

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1244199

Öz

Bu çalışmada Afyonkarahisar Organize Sanayi Bölgesi’nde yer alan büyükbaş hayvan kesimi yapılan bir kesimhanenin Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi (YDA) ile çevresel etkileri ortaya konmuş ve çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına yönelik alternatif senaryolar değerlendirilmiştir. Fonksiyonel birim olarak 1 kg karkas et alınmıştır. Sistem sınırı içerisinde canlı hayvanın transferi, karkas et üretimi ve et üreticisine transfer yer almaktadır. Çalışmada; abiyotik tüketim potansiyeli (ATP), abiyotik tüketim potansiyeli-fosil yakıtlar (ATP-fosil), küresel ısınma potansiyeli (KIP), ozon tabakası incelmesi potansiyeli (OTİP), insana toksisite potansiyeli (İTP), tatlı su canlılarına ekotoksisite potansiyeli (TSCEP), deniz canlılarına ekotoksisite potansiyeli (DCEP), kara canlılarına ekotoksisite potansiyeli (KCEP), fotokimyasal oksidan oluşumu potansiyeli (FOP), asidifikasyon potansiyeli (AP) ve ötrofikasyon potansiyeli (ÖP) etki kategorileri SimaPro 9.1.1 yazılımı ve CML-IA hesaplama metodu ile belirlenmiştir. Çevresel etkilerin azaltılmasına yönelik enerji ve transfer aşaması için alternatif senaryo geliştirilerek mevcut durum ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Şebeke elektriğine alternatif olarak jeotermal enerji, rüzgâr enerjisi, güneş enerjisi ve biyogaz enerjisi ile senaryolar ve üreticiye transfer aşamasında kullanılan araç tipine alternatif senaryo oluşturulmuştur. Mevcut tesisin çevresel etkileri incelendiğinde ATP-fosil ve OTİP dışındaki tüm etki kategorilerinde en yüksek katkının kesimhaneye transfer aşamasından (%94,72-%99,94) kaynaklandığı görülmüştür. Kesimhaneye transfer aşamasının ATP-fosil’e katkısı %62,97, OTİP’ye %83,11 iken temizlik aşamasının ATP-fosil’e katkısı %33,95; OTİP’ye %15,69’dur. Karkas et üretimi aşaması için önerilen alternatif enerji senaryoları AS-1, AS-2 ve AS-3; ATP etki kategorisi dışındaki 10 etki kategorisinde %95 civarında azalma sağlamıştır. Biyogaz enerjisinin ele alındığı AS-4 senaryosu, FOP ve AP etki kategorilerinde sırasıyla %34,78 ve %0,46 oranında artışa neden olmuştur. Üreticiye transfer aşaması için önerilen AS-5 senaryosu bütün etki kategorilerini %33,57-%76,31 oranında azaltmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

çevresel etki, Kesimhane, ; CML-IA metodu, ; SimaPRo, Yaşam Döngüsü Analizi

Destekleyen Kurum

İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Proje Numarası

35203

Teşekkür

Bu çalışma İstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir

Determination of Environmental Effects of Carcass Meat Production by Life Cycle Analysis

Öz

In this study, the environmental effects of a slaughterhouse for cattle located in Afyonkarahisar Organized Industrial Zone were revealed by Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and alternative scenarios were evaluated for reducing the environmental impacts. The functional unit for the analysis was 1 kg of carcass meat produced by the slaughterhouse. Transportation of the live cattle, production of carcass meat and its transfer to the meat producer are inside the system boundary. The impact categories, which included abiotic depletion potential (ADP), abiotic depletion potential-fossil fuels (ADP-fuels), global warming potential (GWP), ozone layer depletion potential (ODP), human toxicity potential (HTP), ecotoxicity potential to freshwater organisms (FAETP), ecotoxicity potential to marine organisms (MAETP), ecotoxicity potential to terrestrial organisms (TETP), photochemical oxidant formation potential (PhOP), acidification potential (AP), and eutrophication potential (EP) were evaluated by SimaPro version 9.1.1 software using the CML 2001 method. Alternative scenarios were developed for the energy and transfer stages to reduce environmental impacts and compared with the current situation. Scenarios were created using geothermal, wind, solar, and biogas energy as alternatives to

grid electricity, and the vehicle type used during the transfer stage to the meat manufacturer was chosen as an alternative scenario. The results showed that the transfer to the slaughterhouse stage had the highest contribution to all impact categories except for ADP-fuels and ODP, with a range of 94.72% to 99.94%. The transfer to the slaughterhouse stage had a 62.97% contribution to ADP-fuels and 83.11% contribution to ODP, while the cleaning stage had a 33.95% contribution to ADP-fuels and 15.69% contribution to ODP. The alternative energy scenarios proposed for the carcass meat production stage (AS-1, AS-2, and AS-3) provided a 95% reduction in 10 impact categories, except for the ADP impact category.The AS-4 scenario, which deals with biogas energy, resulted in an increase of 34.78% and 0.46% in the PhOP and AP impact categories, respectively. AS-5 scenario proposed for the transfer to the meat producer stage reduced all impact categories by 33.57%-76.31%.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Environmental impact, Slaughterhouse, CML-IA method, SimaPRO, Life Cycle Analysis

Proje Numarası

35203

Kaynakça

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