Calculation of Block Productivity in Dolomitic Limestones Located in Aşağıkurudere (Emirdağ, Afyonkarahisar) Region

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 24 Sayı: 4, 955 - 963, 20.08.2024

Bekir Kuzu , Metin Bağcı , Sami Serkan İşoğlu , Ahmet Yıldız

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1387897

Öz

The study area is located at 13km SE of Emirdağ (Afyonkarahisar). Dolomitic limestones of the Triassic aged Tozlutepe formation at the base of the study area have attracted the attention of the marble industry due to their unique textural and physico-mechanical properties. The aim of the study was to determine the block productivity of Triassic dolomitic limestones that affects quarry production. For this purpose, the orientation, spacing, persistency and openings of the discontinuities were measured using the line survey method along 3 profiles and the window survey method in 4 locations. With the help of the data obtained, 3D modeling of the discontinuities was made using the AutoCAD program, and block volumes and block efficiency were calculated. In the rose diagram analysis, the dominant discontinuity orientations were determined as 80o-90o and 260o-270o for line 1, 70o-80o and 250o-260o for line 2, and 100o-110o and 290o-300o for line 3. Cracks in the direction of N70o-80o E are defined as tension cracks, and cracks located perpendicular to it and with directions of N20oW and K50o W are defined as shear cracks. As a result of the window study, the block efficiencies of window studies numbered 1, 2, 3 and 4 were determined to be 32.64%, 37%, 36.71% and 32.96%, respectively.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afyonkarahisar, Limestone, Block Volume, Modelling

Proje Numarası

21.FEN.BİL.34

Aşağıkurudere (Emirdağ, Afyonkarahisar) Bölgesinde Yer Alan Dolomitik Kireçtaşlarında Blok Verimliliğinin Hesaplanması

Öz

Çalışma alanı Emirdağ’ın (Afyonkarahisar) 13km GD’sunda bulunmaktadır. Çalışma alanının temelindeki Triyas yaşlı Tozlutepe formasyonunun dolomitik kireçtaşları kendine has dokusal ve fizikomekanik özellikleri nedeniyle mermer sektörünün ilgisini çekmiştir. Çalışmada Triyas yaşlı dolomitik kireçtaşlarının ocak üretimini etkileyen blok verimliliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için 3 profil boyunca hat etüdü, 4 lokasyonda da pencere etüdü yöntemiyle süreksizliklerin yönelimi, aralıkları, devamlılıkları ve açıklıkları ölçülmüştür. Elde edilen veriler yardımıyla AutoCAD programı kullanılarak süreksizliklerin 3 boyutlu (3B) modellemesi yapılmış, blok hacimleri ve blok verimliliği hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan gül diyagramları analizlerinde hakim süreksizlik yönelimleri hat 1 için yönleri 80o-90 o ve 260o-270o, hat 2 için 70o-80o ve 250o-260o ve hat 3 için ise 100o -110o ve 290o-300o olarak tespit edilmiştir. K70o-80oD doğrultusundaki çatlaklar tansiyon çatlakları, buna dik konumda yer alan ve doğrultuları K20oB ve K50oB olan çatlaklar ise makaslama çatlağı olarak tanımlanmıştır. Pencere etüdü çalışması sonucunda 1,2,3 ve 4 numaralı pencere etütlerinin blok verimliliklerinin sırasıyla %32.64, %37, %36.71 ve % 32.96 olarak tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afyonkarahisar, Kireçtaşı, Blok Hacmi, Modelleme

Proje Numarası

21.FEN.BİL.34

Kaynakça

• Akgün, H., Türkmenoğlu, G. A., Kelam, A. A., Yousefi-Bavil, K., Öner, G., Koçkar, K. M., 2018. Assessment of the effect of mineralogy ın the geotechnical parameters of clayey soils: A case study for the Orta County, Çankırı, Turkey, Applied Clay Science, 164, 44-53. https://www.doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2017.08.029
• Al-Zoubi, M.S., 2008. Swell characteristics of natural and treated compacted clays. Electronic Journal of Geotechical Engineering 13, 18.
• American Society for Testing and Materials, 2004. Standard Test Method for Shrinkage Factors of Soils by the Mercury Method, ASTM International.
• Bo, W. M., Arulrajah, A., Sukmak, P., Horpibulsuk, S., 2015. Mineralogy and geotechnical properties of Singapore marine clay at Changi. Soils and Foundation, 55, 600-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2015.04.011
• Brindley, C. M., Brown, G., 1980. Crystal Structure of Clay Minerals and Their X–Ray Identification. Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Ireland, 5. https://doi.org/10.1180/mono-5
• Casagrande, A., 1948. Classification and identification of soils: transactions. American Society of Civil Engineering, 113, 901–930. https://doi.org/10.1061/TACEAT.0006109
• Cesarano, M., Bish, D. I., Cappeletti, P., Cavalcante, F., Belviso, C., Fiore, S., 2018. Quantitative Mineralogy of Clay-Rich Siliciclastic Landslide Terrain of the Sorrento Peninsula, Italy, Using a Combined XRPD And XRF Approach. Clays and Clays Minerals, Volume: 66, pp: 353-369. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2018.064108
• Çiftçi, E.A., 2010. Türkiye’de yetiştirilen bazı buğday çeşitlerinde genetik farklılıkların RAPD-PCR yöntemi ile belirlenmesi. Doktora Tezi, Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Bursa, 118.
• Egli, M., Mirabella, A., Fitze, P., 2001. Clay Mineral Formation In Soils Of Two Different Chronosequences In The Swiss Alps. Geoderma, Volume: 104, 145-175. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7061(01)00079-9
• Genç, D., 2011. Zemin Mekaniği ve Temeller. TMMOB Mühendisleri Odası, Yayın No: 100.
• Goldberg, I., and Klein, A., 1953. Some Effects of Treating Expansive Clays with Calcium Hydroxide. American Society Testing and Materials, Specification Technology Publication, 142, 53-67. https://doi.org/10.1520/STP46254S
• Gücek, S., Zorluer, İ., 2019. Afyonkarahisar Uydukent Bölgesinin Zemin Mühendislik Özellikleri Haritalarının Üretilmesi ve Bölgenin Zemin Büyütmesinin Belirlenmesi. International Symposium on Innovations in Civil Engineering and Technology. Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye, 614-622.
• Gylland, A., Long, M., Emdal, A., Sandven, R., 2013. Characterisation and engineering properties of Tiller Clay. Engineering Geology, Volume 164, pp. 86-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.06.008
• Hendrciks, S. B., R. A. Nelson, and L. T. Alezander, 1940. Hydration Mechanism of the Clay Mineral Montmorillonite Saturated with Various Ions. Journal of the American, Chemical Society, 62, 1457-1464. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01863a037
• Holtz, R.D., Kovacs, W.D., Sheahan, T.C., 2011. An Introduction to Geotechnical Engineering. 2nd edition Pearson Education. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, 853.
• Hu, B., Zhang, C., Wu, H., Hao, Q., Guo, Z., 2019. Clay mineralogy of an Eocene fluvial-lacustrine sequence in Xining Basin, Northwest China, and its paleoclimatic implications. Science China Earth Sciences, Volume: 62, pp: 571-584. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9282-8
• Hubert, F., Caner, L., Meunier, A., Lanson, B., 2009. Advances in characterization of soil clay mineralogy using X-ray diffraction: from decomposition to profile fitting. European Journal of Soil Science, 60 (6), 1093–1105. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2389.2009.01194.x
• Inas, B., Salah, M., Riad, B., Imane, I., 2021. Treatment of clay soil with paper ash. Journal of Civil Engineering, 16, 2, 163 - 174 https://doi.org/10.2478/sspjce-2021-0024
• Jesmani, M., Manesh, A.N., Hoseini, S.M.R., 2008. Optimum water content and maximum dry unit weight of clayey gravels at different compactive efforts. Electronic Journal of Geotechical Engineering 13, (14 p).
• Kalkan, E., 2011. Impact of wetting–drying cycles on swelling behavior of clayey soils modified by silica fume. Applied Clay Science, 52 (4), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clay.2011.03.014
• Kibici, Y., 2002. Seramik Hammadde ve Teknolojik Özellikleri (41), Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Yayınları.
• Malizia, P. J., Shakoor, A., 2018. Effect of water content and density on strength and deformation behavior of clay soils. Engineering Geology. 244, p. 125-131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.028
• Mishra, A.K., Ohtsubo, M., Li, L.Y., Higashi, T., 2012. Influence of various factors on the difference in the liquid limit values determined by Casagrande's and fall cone method. Environmental Earth Science, 65 (1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-011-1061-5
• Mitchell, J.K., Soga, K., 2005. Fundamentals of Soil Behavior, 3rd edition, John Wiley and Sons (577 p).
• Munirwan, P. R., Taha, R. M., Taib, M. A., Munirwansyah, M., 2022. Shear Strength Improvement Of Clay Soil Stabilized by Coffee Husk Ash. Applied Science, 12(11), 5542. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12115542
• Öcal, H., Turhan, N., Göktaş, F., 2011. 1:100.000 ölçekli Türkiye jeoloji haritaları Afyon K-25 paftası ve raporu. Maden Tetkik Arama (MTA) Genel Müdürlüğü Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi Yayını, No: 159, 33s, Ankara.
• Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., Tiryakioğlu, İ., Baybura, T., 2017. Bolvadin'de (Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni, Afyon) Gözlenen Yüzey Deformasyonlarının Jeolojik, Jeomorfolojik ve Jeodezik Analizi. Türkiye Jeoloji Bülteni, 60, 169-188. https://doi.org/10.25288/tjb.302914
• Özkaymak, Ç., Sözbilir, H., 2020. Structural Evidence For Extensional Domain-Type Geothermal Play in Western Anatolia: A Case Study From Afyon-Akşehir Grabeni. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Journal of Science and Engineering, 20(4), 693-702. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.704433
• Rao, B.H., Venkataramana, K., Singh, D.N., 2011. Studies on the determination of swelling properties of soils from suction measurements. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 48, 375–387. https://doi.org/10.1139/T10-076
• Rastegarnia, A., Lashkaripour, R. G., Teshnizi, S. E., Ghafoori, M., 2021. Evaluation of engineering characteristics and estimation of static properties of clay-bearing rocks. Environmental Earth Sciences, Volume: 80, Article Number: 621. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09914-x
• Saka, A. H., 1997. Mineralojik Analizler X-Işınları Toz Kırınım Yöntemlerinin Temel Prensipleri ve Laboratuvar Şartlarının Standardizasyonu.
• Samuels, S. G., 1950. The Effect of Base Exchange on the Engineering Properties of Soils, Building Research Station, Britain, Note C176.
• Sorsa, A., 2022. Engineering Properties Of Cement Stabilized Expansive Clay Soil. Civil and Environmental Engineering, 18, 1, 332-339. https://doi.org/10.2478/cee-2022-0031
• Tripathy, B., Raha, S., 2019. Formation of Soil. Thematics Journal of Geography. 8(8), 144-150. https://doi.org/10.26643/tjg.v8i8.8140
• Türk Standartları Enstitüsü, 2006a. İnşaat Mühendisliğinde Zemin Laboratuvar Deneyleri Bölüm 2: Mekanik Özelliklerin Tayini, Türk Standartları Enstitüsü.
• Wesley, L.D., 2003. Residual strength of clays and correlations using the Atterberg limits. Géotechnique 53 (7), 669–672. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.53.7.669.37386
• Winterkorn, H. F., 1950. Engineer Properties of Clay Soils. Soil Science, 71 (4), p. 326. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-195104000-00014
• Xu, Y., Wu, S., Williams, J. D., Serati, M., 2018. Determination of peak and ultimate shear strength parameters of compacted clay. Engineering Geology, Volume: 243, pp. 160-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2018.07.001
• Yıldız, A., 2000. Bentonitlerin Teknolojik Özelliklerini Belirleme Yöntemiyle Kullanım Alanlarının Tespiti, 61.