Mayıs 2024 Gannon Süperfırtınası: Yer Tabanlı Manyetometre Ölçümlerinden Elde Edilen Bulgular

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 5, 1193 - 1201, 01.10.2025

Özlem Hacıoğlu , Elif Çiftçi

https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1625167

Öz

10-11 Mayıs 2024 tarihlerinde, son yılların en güçlü jeomanyetik fırtınalarından biri dünya genelinde etkili olmuştur. Kaynak aktif bölge (AR 13664) kaynaklı gezegenler arası koronal kütle atımları (ICME), güneş enerjili parçacıkları Dünya'ya yönlendirmiştir. Yoğun güneş patlamalarının tetiklediği bu fırtına, Kp indeksinde 9 seviyesine ulaşmış (ölçekteki en yüksek seviye) ve olağan yüksek enlemlerin çok ötesinde görülebilen aurora genişlemelerine neden olmuştur. Fırtınanın benzeri görülmemiş gücü, özellikle tipik aurora bölgelerinin çok ötesindeki bölgelerde uzay hava olaylarının geniş kapsamlı etkilerini değerlendirmek için yer tabanlı ekipmanlarla jeomanyetik rahatsızlıkların izlenmesinin gerekliliğini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Kuzey Yarımküre'de orta enlemlerde (30°-60°K) bulunan birkaç gözlemevinden elde edilen jeomanyetik veriler, G5 seviyesindeki Gannon fırtınasını analiz etmek için kullanılmıştır. Bu gözlemler, ani fırtına başlangıçları (SSC'ler), Bozulma Fırtına-Zaman (Dst) indeksindeki uzun süreli negatif sapmalar ve yoğunlaşmış iyonosferik akımları gösteren yerel manyetik dalgalanmalar dahil olmak üzere jeomanyetik değişimlerin tespit edilmesini sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca, auroral elektrojet gücü ve jeomanyetik bozuklukların asimetrik dağılımı, güçlü jeomanyetik fırtına sırasında iyonosferik ve manyetosferik süreçlerin mekansal ve zamansal evrimine ilişkin önemli bilgiler sunmaktadır. Bu bulgular, fırtınanın etkilerinin mekansal değişkenliğini ve zamansal eşzamanlılığını vurgulamakta ve orta enlem gözlemevlerinin aşırı jeomanyetik olaylar sırasında iyonosferik ve manyetosferik tepkileri yakalamadaki kritik rolünü göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Uzay Havası , Jeomanyetik Fırtınalar , Jeomanyetik Alan , Jeofizik

May 2024 Gannon Superstorm: Insights from Ground-based Magnetometer Measurements

Öz

On May 10–11, 2024, one of the strongest geomagnetic storms in recent years swept across the planet. Several interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) originated from the source active region (AR 13664), propelling solar energetic particles toward Earth. Triggered by intense solar eruptions, the storm reached a Kp index of 9 (the highest on the scale), causing a remarkable expansion of auroras visible far beyond their usual high latitudes. The unprecedented strength of the storm highlights the necessity of monitoring geomagnetic disturbances using ground-based instruments to assess the far-reaching impacts of space weather events, especially in regions well beyond the typical auroral zones. In this study, geomagnetic data from several observatories located in mid-latitudes (30°-60°N) in the Northern Hemisphere were therefore utilized to analyze the G5-level super-intense Gannon storm. These observations enable the detection of geomagnetic variations, including sudden storm commencements (SSCs), prolonged negative excursions in the Disturbance Storm-Time (Dst) index, as well as localized magnetic fluctuations indicative of intensified ionospheric currents. Additionally, the auroral electrojet strength and the asymmetric distribution of geomagnetic disturbances provide critical insights into the spatial and temporal evolution of ionospheric and magnetospheric processes during the extreme geomagnetic storm, helping to understand its impacts on mid-latitude regions. The results highlight the spatial variability and temporal synchronicity of the impacts of the storm, demonstrating the crucial role of mid-latitude observatories in capturing ionospheric and magnetospheric responses during extreme geomagnetic events.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Space Weather , Geomagnetic Storms , Geomagnetic Field , Geophysics

Kaynakça

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