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KÜMELENME VE REKABETÇİLİK İLİŞKİSİ: KAVRAMSAL BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 175 - 193, 01.12.2013

Osman Eroğlu Azmi Yalçın

https://izlik.org/JA36DZ79DF

Öz

Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmaların bir çoğunda küresel ekonominin büyümesinin daha çok yerel düzeydeki süreçlerin mekânsal yansımasının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığı vurgulanmaktadır. Son on yılda bölgesel rekabet edebilirliği geliştirmede, kümelenme yaklaşımının bir araç olarak kullanılması konusuna verilen önem daha da artmış ve kümelenme bölgesel kalkınma ve rekabet stratejilerinin en önemli parçalarından biri haline gelmiştir. Güçlü ekonomilere sahip ülkelerin rekabetçi sektörlere sahip oldukları ve bunu kümelenme yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirdikleri belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu kümelenme ve rekabetçilik ilişkisini farklı boyutlarıyla incelemek ve rekabetçilikte kümelenmenin faydalarını vurgulamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

-

Kaynakça

  • ACS, Z.J., FITZROY, F.R. ve SMITH, I. (1998) “Contrasting U.S. metropolitan systems of innovation,” in J. delaMothe and G. Paquet (eds),
  • Local and Regional Systems of Innovation, Boston: Kluwer. ALSAÇ, F. (2010) “Bölgesel Gelişme Aracı Olarak Kümelenme Yaklaşımı ve Türkiye İçin Kümelenme Destek Modeli Önerisi,” PlanlamaUzmanlığı Tezi, DPT, Ankara.
  • ANDERSON, A., ve MILLER, R. (2003) “Class Matters: Human and Social Capitalin the Entrepreneurial Process,” Journal of SocioEconomics 32: 17-36.
  • BAPTISA, R.,ve SWANN, G.M.P. (1999) “A comparison of clustering dynamics in the US and UK computer industries,” Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 9(3): 373-399.
  • BEAUDRY, C., COOK, G.A.S., PANDIT, N.R. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (1998) Industrial Districts and Localised Technological Knowledge: The Dynamics of Clustered SMENetworking, Research Report 3.3 (Clusters, growth and the age of firms; A study ofthree industries: Aerospace, Broadcasting and Financial Services) for the European Community DG XII.
  • BELL, M., ve ALBU, M. (1999) “Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries,” World Development, 27(9), 1715-1734.
  • BERGAMN, E., ve FESER, E. (2010) “Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts andComparative Applications,” University of West Virginia,http://www.rri.wvu.edu/WebBook/Bergman-Feser/ contents.htm,ErişimTarihi: 05/10/2010.
  • BERKSHIRE STRATEGY PROJECT (2006) Rural Clusters of Innovation:Berkshires Strategy Project Driving A Long-Term Economic Strategy.United States Department of CommerceBerkshire Economic Development CorporationMonitor Company Group, LLP.
  • BROWN, P., ve MCNAUGHTON, R.B. (2002) “Global Competitiveness and Local Networks: A Review of the Literature,” in R. B. McNaughton and M. B. Green (eds), GlobalCompetition and Local Networks (Aldershot: Ashgate), pp. 3-37.
  • BRUSCO, S. (1990) “The Idea of the Industrial District: Its Genesis,” in F. Pyke, G. Becattini and W. Spengenberger (eds), Industrial Districts and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy (Geneva: ILO), pp. 10-19.
  • BUDD, L., ve HIRMIS, A.K. (2004) “Conceptual Framework forRegional Competitiveness,” Regional Studies, 38(9), 1015-1028.
  • CORTRIGHT, J. (2006) Making Sense of Clusters: Regional Competitiveness and Economic Development, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
  • COOK, G.A.S., PANDIT, N.R. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (1999) “The dynamics of industrial clustering in British broadcasting,” Loughborough University Business School Working Paper 999: 11.
  • ÇERÇEVE. (2009) “Rekabet ve Kümelenme” Sayı: 51. DICKEN, P. (2003) Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, London: Sage.
  • ENRIGHT, M. (2000) “The globalization of competition and the localization of competitive advantage: policies towards regional clustering” in N. Hood and S. Young (eds), The Globalization of Multinational EnterpriseActivity and Economic Development, New York: St Martin’s Press.
  • FELDMAN, M.P. (2001) “The Entrepreneurial Event Revisited: An Examination of New Firm Formation in the Regional Context,” Industrial and CorporateChange 10 (4): 861-91.
  • KARA, M. (2008) “Bölgesel Rekabet Edilebilirlik Kavramı ve Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikalarının Yansımaları”, PlanlamaUzmanlığı Tezi, DPT, Ankara.
  • KENNEY, M., ve BURG U.V. (1999) “Technology, entrepreneurshipand path dependence: industrial clustering in Silicon Valleyand route 128”, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 8,No. 1, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • KENNEY, M., ve RICHARD G.W. (2004) “The Role of Social Embeddedness in Professorial Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley and Stanford,” Research Policy 33 (5): 691-707.
  • LAZERSON M.H., ve LORENZONI G. (1999) The firms that feed industrial districts: a return to the Italian source. Industrial and Corporate Change 8: 235-265.
  • LUNDQUIST, P., ve POWER, D. (2002) “Putting Porter into Practice? Practices of Regional Cluster Building: Evidence from Sweden,” European Planning Studies 10(6):685-704.
  • MARSHALL, A. (1890) Principles of Economics, London: Macmillan.
  • MALECKI, E.J. (2004) “Jockeying for position: what it means and it matters to regional development policy when places compete,” Regional Studies, 38(9), pp.1101-1120.
  • MARTIN, R. L. (2004). Cambridge Econometrics, Ecorys-NEI University of Cambridge, “A Study on the Factors of Regional Competitiveness”, A draft final report for The European Commission Directorate-General Regional Policy, European Commission 2004.
  • MARTIN, R.L., ve SUNLEY, P. (1998). “Slow convergence? The new endogenous growth theory and regional development,” Economic Geography, Vol. 74: 201:227.
  • MCDONALD, F., ve VERTOVA, G. (2002) “Clusters, Industrial Districts and Competitiveness,” in R. B. McNaughton and M. B. Green (eds), Global Competition and Local Networks (Aldershot: Ashgate), pp. 38-67.
  • MOULAEERT, F., ve DJELLALL F. (1995). “Information technology consultancy firms: economies of agglomeration from a wide-area perspective”, Urban Studies, 323(1), 105-22.
  • MOULAERT F., ve SEIKA F. (2003) “Territorial Innovation Models.A Critical Survey”.Regional Studies Vol. 37 (3):289-303. NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS COUNCIL, NCC. (2011) Ireland’Competitiveness Scorecard 2011.
  • NAVICKAS,V., ve MALAKAUSKAITE, A. (2010) “Relation between the Level of Clusterization and Tourism Sector Competitiveness,” InzinerineEkonomika EngineeringEconomic (1), 60-67.
  • NOVELLI, M., SCHMITZ, B., ve SPENCER T. (2006) “Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience”, Toursim Management 27, 1141-1152.
  • OECD. (1999) Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach, OECD,Paris.
  • OECD. (2006) “A Review Of National Cluster Policies: Why Are They Popular, Again”, Territorial Development Policy Committee, 28-29 November 2006, OECD Headquarters, Paris.
  • ÖZ, Ö. (2002) “Asseing Porter’s Framework For National Advantage: The Case of Turkey,” Journal of Business Research 55, 509-515.
  • PANDIT, N.R., COOK, G.A.S. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (2001a) The dynamics of industrial clustering in British financial services, Service Industries Journal, Vol. 4: 33 61.
  • PANDIT, N.R., COOK, G.A.S. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (2001b) A comparison of clustering dynamics in the British broadcasting and financial services industries, International Journal of the Economics of Business, Vol. 9-2: 195-224.
  • PARR, J. (2002) “Agglomeration economies: ambiguities and confusions,”Environment and Planning A 34: 717-31. POON, A. (1994) Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies, Wallingford: CAB International.
  • PORTER, M.E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance., New York: The Free Press. PORTER, M.E. (1998) “Clusters and the new economics of competition,” Harvard Business Review, November-December: 77-90.
  • PORTER, M.E. (2000a) “Locations, clusters and company strategy,” in G.Clark, M.Feldman and M.Gertler (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • PORTER, M.E. (2000b) “Location, competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy,” Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), February, 15–34.
  • PORTER, M.E. (2002) “Regional Foundations of Competitiveness and Implications for Government Policy,” Paper presented to Department of Trade and Industry Worksshop, April.
  • PORTER, M.E., ve SCOTT, S., (2001) “Innovation: Location Matters,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 42(4), 28-36.
  • RAINES, P. (2001) “Local or national competitive advantage?: the tensions in cluster development policy”, Regional andIndustrial Policy Research Paper, No. 43, Glasgow, European Policy Research Center.
  • SAXENIAN, A. (1994) Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • SCHMITZ, H., ve Nadvi, K. (1999). “Clustering and industrialization: introduction,” World Development, 27 (9), pp. 1503-1514.
  • SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1934) The Theory of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
  • SEPIC, D. (2005) The Regional Competitiveness: Some Notions, Russian European Centrefor Economic Policy - RECEP, Moscow.
  • SÖLVELL, Ö., LINDQVIST, G. ve KETELS, C. (2003). “The Cluster Initiative Greenbook” Bromma Tryck AB, Stockholm. STAHL, K. (1982) “Differentiated Prducts, Consumer Search, and Locational Oligopoly,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 31, no. ½: 97-114
  • STINCHCOMBE, A.L. (1965) “Social Structures and Organizations,” In Handbook of Organizations, ed. James G. March, 142-93. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • STORPER, M. (1999) “The Resurgence of Regional Economics, Ten Years Later: The Region as a Nexus of Untraded Interdependencies. European Urban and Regional Studies,” in J. Bryson, N. Henry, D. Keeble and R. Martin (eds), The Economic GeographyReader: Producing and Consuming Global Capitalism (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 209-15.
  • SUAREZ-VILLA, L., ve WALROD, W. (1997) “Operational strategy, R&D and intra-metropolitian clustering in a polycentric structure: The advanced electronics industries of the Los Angeles Basin,” Urban Studies, 34(9), 1343-1380.
  • SWANN, G.M.P., ve PREVEZER, M. (1996) “A comparison of the dynamics of industrial clustering in computing and biotechnology,” Research Policy 25: 1139-1157.
  • SWANN, G.M.P., PREVEZER, M. ve STOUT, D. eds. (1998) The dynamics of industrial clustering: International comparisons in computing and biotechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • WEBER, A. (1929) Theory of the Location of Industries (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).

KÜMELENME VE REKABETÇİLİK İLİŞKİSİ: KAVRAMSAL BİR İNCELEME

Yıl 2013, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 175 - 193, 01.12.2013

Osman Eroğlu Azmi Yalçın

https://izlik.org/JA36DZ79DF

Öz

Son yıllarda yapılan araştırmaların bir çoğunda küresel ekonominin büyümesinin daha çok yerel düzeydeki süreçlerin mekânsal yansımasının bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıktığı vurgulanmaktadır. Son on yılda bölgesel rekabet edebilirliği geliştirmede, kümelenme yaklaşımının bir araç olarak kullanılması konusuna verilen önem daha da artmış ve kümelenme bölgesel kalkınma ve rekabet stratejilerinin en önemli parçalarından biri haline gelmiştir. Güçlü ekonomilere sahip ülkelerin rekabetçi sektörlere sahip oldukları ve bunu kümelenme yaklaşımı ile gerçekleştirdikleri belirtilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı söz konusu kümelenme ve rekabetçilik ilişkisini farklı boyutlarıyla incelemek ve rekabetçilikte kümelenmenin faydalarını vurgulamaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Kümelenme Rekabetçilik ve Kümelenme ve Rekabetçilik İlişkisi

Kaynakça

  • ACS, Z.J., FITZROY, F.R. ve SMITH, I. (1998) “Contrasting U.S. metropolitan systems of innovation,” in J. delaMothe and G. Paquet (eds),
  • Local and Regional Systems of Innovation, Boston: Kluwer. ALSAÇ, F. (2010) “Bölgesel Gelişme Aracı Olarak Kümelenme Yaklaşımı ve Türkiye İçin Kümelenme Destek Modeli Önerisi,” PlanlamaUzmanlığı Tezi, DPT, Ankara.
  • ANDERSON, A., ve MILLER, R. (2003) “Class Matters: Human and Social Capitalin the Entrepreneurial Process,” Journal of SocioEconomics 32: 17-36.
  • BAPTISA, R.,ve SWANN, G.M.P. (1999) “A comparison of clustering dynamics in the US and UK computer industries,” Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 9(3): 373-399.
  • BEAUDRY, C., COOK, G.A.S., PANDIT, N.R. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (1998) Industrial Districts and Localised Technological Knowledge: The Dynamics of Clustered SMENetworking, Research Report 3.3 (Clusters, growth and the age of firms; A study ofthree industries: Aerospace, Broadcasting and Financial Services) for the European Community DG XII.
  • BELL, M., ve ALBU, M. (1999) “Knowledge systems and technological dynamism in industrial clusters in developing countries,” World Development, 27(9), 1715-1734.
  • BERGAMN, E., ve FESER, E. (2010) “Industrial and Regional Clusters: Concepts andComparative Applications,” University of West Virginia,http://www.rri.wvu.edu/WebBook/Bergman-Feser/ contents.htm,ErişimTarihi: 05/10/2010.
  • BERKSHIRE STRATEGY PROJECT (2006) Rural Clusters of Innovation:Berkshires Strategy Project Driving A Long-Term Economic Strategy.United States Department of CommerceBerkshire Economic Development CorporationMonitor Company Group, LLP.
  • BROWN, P., ve MCNAUGHTON, R.B. (2002) “Global Competitiveness and Local Networks: A Review of the Literature,” in R. B. McNaughton and M. B. Green (eds), GlobalCompetition and Local Networks (Aldershot: Ashgate), pp. 3-37.
  • BRUSCO, S. (1990) “The Idea of the Industrial District: Its Genesis,” in F. Pyke, G. Becattini and W. Spengenberger (eds), Industrial Districts and Inter-Firm Cooperation in Italy (Geneva: ILO), pp. 10-19.
  • BUDD, L., ve HIRMIS, A.K. (2004) “Conceptual Framework forRegional Competitiveness,” Regional Studies, 38(9), 1015-1028.
  • CORTRIGHT, J. (2006) Making Sense of Clusters: Regional Competitiveness and Economic Development, The Brookings Institution, Washington, DC.
  • COOK, G.A.S., PANDIT, N.R. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (1999) “The dynamics of industrial clustering in British broadcasting,” Loughborough University Business School Working Paper 999: 11.
  • ÇERÇEVE. (2009) “Rekabet ve Kümelenme” Sayı: 51. DICKEN, P. (2003) Global Shift: Reshaping the Global Economic Map in the 21st Century, London: Sage.
  • ENRIGHT, M. (2000) “The globalization of competition and the localization of competitive advantage: policies towards regional clustering” in N. Hood and S. Young (eds), The Globalization of Multinational EnterpriseActivity and Economic Development, New York: St Martin’s Press.
  • FELDMAN, M.P. (2001) “The Entrepreneurial Event Revisited: An Examination of New Firm Formation in the Regional Context,” Industrial and CorporateChange 10 (4): 861-91.
  • KARA, M. (2008) “Bölgesel Rekabet Edilebilirlik Kavramı ve Bölgesel Kalkınma Politikalarının Yansımaları”, PlanlamaUzmanlığı Tezi, DPT, Ankara.
  • KENNEY, M., ve BURG U.V. (1999) “Technology, entrepreneurshipand path dependence: industrial clustering in Silicon Valleyand route 128”, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol. 8,No. 1, Oxford, Oxford University Press.
  • KENNEY, M., ve RICHARD G.W. (2004) “The Role of Social Embeddedness in Professorial Entrepreneurship: A Comparison of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at UC Berkeley and Stanford,” Research Policy 33 (5): 691-707.
  • LAZERSON M.H., ve LORENZONI G. (1999) The firms that feed industrial districts: a return to the Italian source. Industrial and Corporate Change 8: 235-265.
  • LUNDQUIST, P., ve POWER, D. (2002) “Putting Porter into Practice? Practices of Regional Cluster Building: Evidence from Sweden,” European Planning Studies 10(6):685-704.
  • MARSHALL, A. (1890) Principles of Economics, London: Macmillan.
  • MALECKI, E.J. (2004) “Jockeying for position: what it means and it matters to regional development policy when places compete,” Regional Studies, 38(9), pp.1101-1120.
  • MARTIN, R. L. (2004). Cambridge Econometrics, Ecorys-NEI University of Cambridge, “A Study on the Factors of Regional Competitiveness”, A draft final report for The European Commission Directorate-General Regional Policy, European Commission 2004.
  • MARTIN, R.L., ve SUNLEY, P. (1998). “Slow convergence? The new endogenous growth theory and regional development,” Economic Geography, Vol. 74: 201:227.
  • MCDONALD, F., ve VERTOVA, G. (2002) “Clusters, Industrial Districts and Competitiveness,” in R. B. McNaughton and M. B. Green (eds), Global Competition and Local Networks (Aldershot: Ashgate), pp. 38-67.
  • MOULAEERT, F., ve DJELLALL F. (1995). “Information technology consultancy firms: economies of agglomeration from a wide-area perspective”, Urban Studies, 323(1), 105-22.
  • MOULAERT F., ve SEIKA F. (2003) “Territorial Innovation Models.A Critical Survey”.Regional Studies Vol. 37 (3):289-303. NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS COUNCIL, NCC. (2011) Ireland’Competitiveness Scorecard 2011.
  • NAVICKAS,V., ve MALAKAUSKAITE, A. (2010) “Relation between the Level of Clusterization and Tourism Sector Competitiveness,” InzinerineEkonomika EngineeringEconomic (1), 60-67.
  • NOVELLI, M., SCHMITZ, B., ve SPENCER T. (2006) “Networks, clusters and innovation in tourism: A UK experience”, Toursim Management 27, 1141-1152.
  • OECD. (1999) Boosting Innovation: The Cluster Approach, OECD,Paris.
  • OECD. (2006) “A Review Of National Cluster Policies: Why Are They Popular, Again”, Territorial Development Policy Committee, 28-29 November 2006, OECD Headquarters, Paris.
  • ÖZ, Ö. (2002) “Asseing Porter’s Framework For National Advantage: The Case of Turkey,” Journal of Business Research 55, 509-515.
  • PANDIT, N.R., COOK, G.A.S. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (2001a) The dynamics of industrial clustering in British financial services, Service Industries Journal, Vol. 4: 33 61.
  • PANDIT, N.R., COOK, G.A.S. ve SWANN, G.M.P. (2001b) A comparison of clustering dynamics in the British broadcasting and financial services industries, International Journal of the Economics of Business, Vol. 9-2: 195-224.
  • PARR, J. (2002) “Agglomeration economies: ambiguities and confusions,”Environment and Planning A 34: 717-31. POON, A. (1994) Tourism, Technology and Competitive Strategies, Wallingford: CAB International.
  • PORTER, M.E. (1985) Competitive Advantage: Creating and Sustaining Superior Performance., New York: The Free Press. PORTER, M.E. (1998) “Clusters and the new economics of competition,” Harvard Business Review, November-December: 77-90.
  • PORTER, M.E. (2000a) “Locations, clusters and company strategy,” in G.Clark, M.Feldman and M.Gertler (eds) The Oxford Handbook of Economic Geography, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • PORTER, M.E. (2000b) “Location, competition and economic development: local clusters in a global economy,” Economic Development Quarterly, 14(1), February, 15–34.
  • PORTER, M.E. (2002) “Regional Foundations of Competitiveness and Implications for Government Policy,” Paper presented to Department of Trade and Industry Worksshop, April.
  • PORTER, M.E., ve SCOTT, S., (2001) “Innovation: Location Matters,” MIT Sloan Management Review, 42(4), 28-36.
  • RAINES, P. (2001) “Local or national competitive advantage?: the tensions in cluster development policy”, Regional andIndustrial Policy Research Paper, No. 43, Glasgow, European Policy Research Center.
  • SAXENIAN, A. (1994) Regional advantage: Culture and competition in Silicon Valley and Route 128, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • SCHMITZ, H., ve Nadvi, K. (1999). “Clustering and industrialization: introduction,” World Development, 27 (9), pp. 1503-1514.
  • SCHUMPETER, J.A. (1934) The Theory of Economic Development (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press).
  • SEPIC, D. (2005) The Regional Competitiveness: Some Notions, Russian European Centrefor Economic Policy - RECEP, Moscow.
  • SÖLVELL, Ö., LINDQVIST, G. ve KETELS, C. (2003). “The Cluster Initiative Greenbook” Bromma Tryck AB, Stockholm. STAHL, K. (1982) “Differentiated Prducts, Consumer Search, and Locational Oligopoly,” Journal of Industrial Economics, 31, no. ½: 97-114
  • STINCHCOMBE, A.L. (1965) “Social Structures and Organizations,” In Handbook of Organizations, ed. James G. March, 142-93. Chicago: Rand McNally.
  • STORPER, M. (1999) “The Resurgence of Regional Economics, Ten Years Later: The Region as a Nexus of Untraded Interdependencies. European Urban and Regional Studies,” in J. Bryson, N. Henry, D. Keeble and R. Martin (eds), The Economic GeographyReader: Producing and Consuming Global Capitalism (Chichester: Wiley), pp. 209-15.
  • SUAREZ-VILLA, L., ve WALROD, W. (1997) “Operational strategy, R&D and intra-metropolitian clustering in a polycentric structure: The advanced electronics industries of the Los Angeles Basin,” Urban Studies, 34(9), 1343-1380.
  • SWANN, G.M.P., ve PREVEZER, M. (1996) “A comparison of the dynamics of industrial clustering in computing and biotechnology,” Research Policy 25: 1139-1157.
  • SWANN, G.M.P., PREVEZER, M. ve STOUT, D. eds. (1998) The dynamics of industrial clustering: International comparisons in computing and biotechnology, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • WEBER, A. (1929) Theory of the Location of Industries (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
Toplam 53 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Yazarlar

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Azmi Yalçın Bu kişi benim

Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Eylül 2015
Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Aralık 2013
IZ https://izlik.org/JA36DZ79DF
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2013 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2


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Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi'nde yayınlanan tüm çalışmalar CC BY-NC 4.0 lisansı ile açık erişim ve ücretsiz olarak lisanslanmaktadır.