YENİ BİR TOPLUM KURAM DİNAMİĞİ: PRATİK-RASYONELLİK

Öz

Rasyonellik genel bir tabirle günümüzde toplumsal yapının ve alt sistemlerin üzerine kurulu olduğu dinamiklerin oluşturduğu temel varsayımlardan biridir. Çıkarılan yasalar, benimsenen politikalar, ekonomik ve mali yöntemler gibi unsurlara ilişkin tüm kuramsal ve pratik işleyiş rasyonel ilkelere dayalıdır. Mikro açıdan bakıldığında ise rasyonellik bireylerin eylemde bulunurken çıkarlarını maksimize edip hedeflerine en kolay ve en az maliyetle ulaşması demektir.

Max Weber’in geliştirdiği rasyonellik teorisi çok boyutlu bir yapıya sahiptir. O, Batı toplumlarına atfettiği rasyonelleşme teorisini iki temel rasyonellik modeli üzerine inşa eder. Bunlar modern kapitalizmin ortaya çıkışına zemin hazırlayan pratik-rasyonellik ile olgunlaşması ve kurumsallaşmasını sağlayan amaçsal-rasyonelliktir. Amaç-rasyonelliğin günümüzde bütün sistemleri domine etmesi; değer alanlarının ve birey, kurum ve toplumların pratik-rasyonellik rehberliğinde yeniden dizaynını gerektirir. Bu rasyonellik türü günümüz insanının maddi çıkarlarını koruyup manevi dünyasını da ideal olana yükselterek rasyonel toplum özleminin gerçekleştirilmesini sağlayabilir.

Bu bakımdan çalışmada rasyonellik kavramı, toplumsal eylemin tasnifi ve rasyonellik çeşitleri kısaca izah edilip Weber’le birlikte Alman düşünce hayatının en önemli isimlerinden Kant’ın referanslarına başvurularak pratik-rasyonellik olgusu ortaya çıkarılmaya çalışılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• rasyonellik,Pratik-Rasyonellik,Kapitalizm,Weber,Kant

A NEW SOCIETY THEORY DYNAMICS: PRACTICAL-RATIONALISM

Abstract

In general terms, rationality is one of the basic assumptions of the dynamics upon which social structure and subsystems are built. All the theoretical and practical procedures related to the enacted laws, policies adopted, economic and financial methods are based on rational principles. From a micro perspective, rationality means that individuals can maximize their interests while acting and achieve their goals with the easiest and least cost.

Max Weber's theory of rationality has a multidimensional structure. He bases his theory of rationalization on Western societies on two basic models of rationality. These are practical-rationality that prepares the ground for the emergence of modern capitalism and purposeful-rationalism that enables it to mature and institutionalize. Purposeful-rationality to dominates all systems today; it requires redesign of value fields and individuals, institutions and societies under the guidance of practical-rationality. This type of rationality can ensure the longing of rational society by protecting the material interests of today's people and raising their spiritual world to the ideal.

From this perspective, the concept of rationality, the classification of social action and the types of rationality will be explained briefly, then referring to Weber’s and Kant’s references to reveal the phenomenon of practical-rationality in this study.

Keywords

• Rationality,Practical-Rationality,Capitalism,Weber,Kant

Kaynakça

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