Anlık gönüllülük olgusunun Türkiye’deki afet ve acil durum yönetimi açısından değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 1 - 17, 01.06.2024

Mustafa Yükseler , Jale Yazgan , Gökhan Tenikler

https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1311962

Öz

Anlık gönüllüler, afet ve acil durumlar sonrası müdahale ve iyileştirme çalışmalarında sıklıkla görülen fenomenlerden biridir. Literatürde, anlık gönüllüler bir yönüyle önemli bir iş gücü ve ekonomik kaynak olarak nitelendirilebilirken, diğer yandan organize olunamaması, afet ve acil durumlar konusunda yeterli bilgi ve beceriden yoksun kişileri de barındırabilmesi, güvenlik açısından risk oluşturulması ve idarenin söz konusu kişilere yönelik yasal sorumluluklarındaki belirsizlik gibi başlıklar yönüyle çeşitli sorunların da birer parçası olabilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, afet ve acil durumlarda anlık gönüllülerin potansiyel rollerine ilişkin literatür taraması yapılarak, “anlık gönüllü” kavramının Türkçe literatüre kazandırılması ve gelecekte bu konuda yapılacak çalışmalara temel oluşturacak ve ivme kazandıracak bir farkındalığın yaratılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Türkiye’de afet ve acil durumlara ilişkin yasal ve idari düzenlemeler incelenmiştir. Bunun sonucunda, ilgili düzenlemelerde anlık gönüllülere ilişkin düzenleyici hükümlere yer verilmediği ve gelecek planlarında bu gönüllülerin, afet ve acil durum yönetimine ilişkin politika ve stratejilerde dikkate alınmadığı görülmüştür. Bu nedenle, afet ve acil durumlar sonrası yürütülen faaliyetlerde yer alan anlık gönüllüler ile ilgili yasal zeminin oluşturulması, afet yönetim sistemine entegre edilmesi ve afetlere dirençli bir toplum oluşturmak için anlık gönüllü faaliyetleri konusunda toplumun bilinçlendirilmesi gerekmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Afet, Acil Durum, Afet Yönetimi, Anlık Gönüllülük

Evaluation of spontaneous volunteering case in terms of disaster and emergency management in Türkiye

Öz

Spontaneous volunteers are a phenomenon that frequently appears in disaster and emergency response and recovery activities. In literature, spontaneous volunteers can be described as a valuable workforce and economic resource; however, they can also be seen as unorganized, accommodating those who lack the knowledge and abilities to deal with emergencies and disasters, and posing a threat to the safety of those involved by raising questions about the administration’s legal obligations. This study aims to bring the concept of “anlık (in Turkish) volunteer" to the Turkish literature by making a literature review on the potential roles of spontaneous volunteers in disasters and emergencies and creating an awareness that will form the basis and accelerate the studies to be done on this subject in the future. For this reason, Turkish legislation and administrative procedures governing disasters and emergencies were reviewed. As a result, it has been noted that the pertinent regulations lack regulatory provisions regarding spontaneous volunteers and that future plans' policies and strategies for disaster and emergency management will not consider these volunteers. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a legal basis for spontaneous volunteers involved in activities carried out after disasters and emergencies, integrate them into the disaster management system, and create a society resistant to disasters.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Disaster, Emergency, Disaster Management, Spontaneous Volunteering

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