Türkiye’de otoriter liderliğin pekişmesinde seçim sistemi ve aday belirleme yönteminin rolü

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 1, 109 - 123, 01.06.2024

Ömer Faruk Gençkaya , Mehmet Kabasakal

https://doi.org/10.33707/akuiibfd.1357616

Öz

Çağdaş demokrasilerde yöneticileri seçimle belirlenir. Temsili demokrasilerde iktidar, halkın istencini yansıtan dürüst ve serbest seçimle meşruluk kazanır. Bu nedenle, halkın parlamentodaki temsilcilerinin nasıl belirlendiği, milletvekillerinin temsil görevini nasıl yerine getirdikleri ve hangi görevleri üstlendikleri siyaset bilimi araştırmalarına konu olmaktadır. Son yıllarda dünyada yürütmenin güçlenmesiyle parlamentoların etkinliği azalırken lider hegemonyası artmıştır. Bu çalışmada, konu ile ilgili temel literatür taramasına dayanarak seçim sistemlerinin ve aday belirleme yöntemlerinin otoriter liderliği pekiştirici rolü üzerinde durulmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kuramsal varsayımları yakın dönem Türkiye siyasetinden somut örneklerle ve bazı siyasetçilerin değerlendirmelerine başvurarak incelemektedir. Bu çerçevede, V-Dem endeksinden yararlanarak 1983-2022 döneminde Türkiye'de aday belirleme, parti disiplini, parti kurumsallaşması, yasamanın yürütmeyi denetlemesi ve liderin kişiliğine ilişkin göstergelerin zaman içerisindeki seyri çalışmanın temel varsayımlarını açıklamak üzere irdelenmektedir. Lider egemenliğinin azaltılması ve parti içi demokrasinin sağlanması, Meclisin ve milletvekillerinin etkinliğinin artırılmasına yönelik bazı öneriler geliştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, seçim sistemi ne kadar adil ve aday belirleme yöntemi ne kadar katılımcı ise lider egemenliğinin azalacağı, parlamentonun etkinliğinin artacağı belirtilmekte ve Türkiye’de demokrasinin pekişmesi amacıyla seçim barajının kaldırılması ve önseçimin mutlaka gerekli koşullar ve altyapı oluşturularak yaygın biçimde uygulanması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Seçim sistemi, Aday belirleme, Otoriter liderlik, Önseçim

Etik Beyan

Makale ile ilgili olarak üçüncü şahıslarla ilgili bir çıkar çatışması bulunmamaktadır. Çalışma ile ilgili etik izin formuna gerek duyulmamaktadır.

Destekleyen Kurum

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Teşekkür

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The role of the election system and candidate selection procedure in the consolidation of authoritarian leadership in Türkiye

Öz

In contemporary democracies, leaders are determined through elections. In representative democracies, political power gains its legitimacy through fair and free elections that reflect the will of the people. For this reason, how the people's representatives in parliament are determined, how the MPs fulfill their duty of representation, and what duties they undertake are the subject of political science research. In recent years, with the strengthening of the executive branch in the world, the effectiveness of parliaments has decreased while leader hegemony has increased. Based on a fundamental literature review, this study focuses on how election systems and candidate selection processes reinforce authoritarian leadership. Subsequently, theoretical inferences are supported by specific instances from current Turkish politics and by making reference to the evaluations of some politicians. In this context, the basic assumptions of the study are explained by analyzing, using the V-Dem index, the course of indicators regarding candidate selection, party discipline, party institutionalization, the legislature's supervision of the executive, and the personality of the leader in Turkey during the 1983–2022 period. A few recommendations have been made to lessen the power of party leaders, maintain intraparty democracy, and improve the efficiency of the Parliament and Members of Parliament. In conclusion, there will be less leader dominance, and the effectiveness of the parliament will rise with more equitable election systems and participatory candidate selection processes. It is suggested that the election threshold be removed and that primary elections be widely held by setting up the required framework and infrastructure in order to improve Turkey's democratic system.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Electoral system, candidate selection, authoritarian leadership, primaries

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