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From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East

Cilt: 28 Sayı: 3 25 Eylül 2026
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From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East

Öz

This study examines the conditions under which Iraq can make a meaningful and sustainable contribution as a mediator in interstate disputes in the Middle East. To this end, it compares Iraq’s role in the Iran–Saudi Arabia dialogue, contacts involving Iran and Jordan and Iran and Egypt, and the attempted rapprochement between Türkiye and Syria in 2024. Methodologically, the study combines structured, focused case comparison with within-case chronological analysis, separately assessing diplomatic functions, observable effects, and the reliability of the evidence. It argues that Iraq’s comparative advantage lies in early-stage, facilitative mediation functions, including opening discreet channels, transmitting messages, sustaining exploratory contacts, and providing a platform acceptable to the parties. The effectiveness of this contribution depends on three conditions: the parties’ readiness to negotiate; Iraq’s simultaneous access to and relational acceptability among both sides; and the absence of domestic political obstruction that could undermine credibility and continuity. Active neutrality is treated not as an outcome of these conditions, but as an issue-specific diplomatic practice through which Iraq maintains functional relations with rival governments without fully aligning with any party. The comparative findings show that Iraq can facilitate entry into dialogue and confidence-building, but that diplomatic access alone is insufficient when evidence is limited, party readiness is low, or bargaining positions are incompatible. The study contributes empirically and conceptually to the literature on regional mediation by demonstrating that Iraq’s mediation capacity is stage-specific and that movement toward political settlement often requires stronger leverage or a more capable external sponsor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Iraqi Foreign Policy, International Mediation, Regional Diplomacy, Facilitative Mediation, Conflict Resolution.

Kaynakça

  1. Akin, E. (2024, June 1). Iraq’s PM says Baghdad mediating potential Syria-Turkey reconciliation. Al-Monitor. https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2024/05/iraqs-pm-says-baghdad-mediating-potential-syria-turkey-reconciliation (Accessed 23 June 2026).
  2. Al-Khazen, I. (2022, June 30). Iraq says mediating between Egypt, Jordan, Iran. Anadolu Agency. https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/iraq-says-mediating-between-egypt-jordan-iran/2627071 (Accessed 20 May 2026).
  3. Beardsley, K. C., Quinn, D. M., Biswas, B., & Wilkenfeld, J. (2006). Mediation style and crisis outcomes. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 50(1), 58–86. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002705282862
  4. Bercovitch, J., & Gartner, S. S. (2006). Is there method in the madness of mediation? Some lessons for mediators from quantitative studies of mediation. International Interactions, 32(4), 329–354. https://doi.org/10.1080/03050620601011024
  5. Bercovitch, J., & Houston, A. (2000). Why do they do it like this? An analysis of the factors influencing mediation behavior in international conflicts. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 44(2), 170–202. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002700044002002
  6. Crescenzi, M. J. C., Kadera, K. M., Mitchell, S. M., & Thyne, C. L. (2011). A supply side theory of mediation. International Studies Quarterly, 55(4), 1069–1094. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2478.2011.00681.x
  7. Dodge, T. (2013). State and society in Iraq ten years after regime change: The rise of a new authoritarianism. International Affairs, 89(2), 241–257. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2346.12016
  8. Dodge, T. (2024). Iraq, consociationalism and the incoherence of the state. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 30(1), 28–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2023.2215600
  9. Gause, F. G., III. (2014). Beyond sectarianism: The new Middle East Cold War. Brookings Doha Center Analysis Paper No. 11. Brookings Institution.
  10. George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MA: MIT Press.

Kaynak Göster

APA
Gürler, R. T. (2026). From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 28(3), 752-766. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1983331
AMA
1.Gürler RT. From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East. AKÜSBD. 2026;28(3):752-766. doi:10.32709/akusosbil.1983331
Chicago
Gürler, Recep Tayyip. 2026. “From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 28 (3): 752-66. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1983331.
EndNote
Gürler RT (01 Eylül 2026) From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 28 3 752–766.
IEEE
[1]R. T. Gürler, “From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East”, AKÜSBD, c. 28, sy 3, ss. 752–766, Eyl. 2026, doi: 10.32709/akusosbil.1983331.
ISNAD
Gürler, Recep Tayyip. “From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 28/3 (01 Eylül 2026): 752-766. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1983331.
JAMA
1.Gürler RT. From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East. AKÜSBD. 2026;28:752–766.
MLA
Gürler, Recep Tayyip. “From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East”. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, c. 28, sy 3, Eylül 2026, ss. 752-66, doi:10.32709/akusosbil.1983331.
Vancouver
1.Recep Tayyip Gürler. From Battleground to Intermediary: The Conditions and Limits of Iraq’s Mediation Diplomacy in the Middle East. AKÜSBD. 01 Eylül 2026;28(3):752-66. doi:10.32709/akusosbil.1983331