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Temel Solow Modeli Bağlamında Verimlilik ve İstihdam İlişkisi: Seçilmiş İslam Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi

Yıl 2022, , 267 - 279, 27.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.990839

Öz

Ulusal ekonomiler için, büyük önem arz eden ekonomik büyüme kavramı, emek, sermaye ve teknolojinin yanında, işgücü verimliliği ile de oldukça yakın ilişkilidir. Bir ülkede üretim gerçekleştiren, kamu ve özel sektör firmalarının, üretimin hangi bölgesinde faaliyet gösterdiğini tespit edebilmek optimum faktör bileşeninin tahmini açısından oldukça önemlidir. Bilindiği gibi faktör bileşiminde optimizasyonu sağlamak, üretim kaynaklarının etkin kullanımını ve daha yüksek çıktı düzeyine ulaşılmasını beraberinde getirmektedir. Diğer taraftan, bir üretim faktörü olan işgücünün verimliliği ile ilgili tahminler yapabilmek, emek piyasasına ilişkin uygulanacak politikalarda daha isabetli kararlar alınmasına yardımcı olacaktır. Bu sebeple, bu çalışmada işgücü başına çıktının, işgücüne katılım oranı ile olan ilişkisi, temel Solow modeli kapsamında incelenmiştir. Çalışmada seçilmiş İslam ülkelerinin (BAE, Umman, Bahreyn, Türkiye, Malezya, Endonezya, Pakistan, Sudan, Mısır ve Ürdün) 2001-2019 yılları arasındaki verileri yıllık frekansta kullanılmıştır. Temel Solow modeline işgücüne katılım oranı değişkeni eklenmiş ve işgücü başına çıktı ile olan ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. Kurulan modele ilişkin varsayım sapmaları sebebiyle model, Driscoll-Kraay Standart Hatalar tahmincisi ile analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, söz konusu ülkelerde belirtilen dönem için temel Solow modeli geçerlidir. Ayrıca, işgücü başına çıktı ile işgücüne katılım oranı arasında anlamlı ve negatif bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Diğer bir ifade ile işgücüne katılım oranı %1 arttığında işgücü başına çıktı yaklaşık olarak, %1,8 azalmaktadır.  

Kaynakça

  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data. San Francisco: Johan Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 3th Edition.
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443.
  • Barro, R. J., ve Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992). Convergence. Journal of Political Economy, 100(2), 223-251.
  • Belke, M., ve Bolat, S. (2016). The panel data analysis of female labor participation and economic development relationship in developed and developing countries. Economic Research Guardian, 6(2), 67-73.
  • Chapman, K. A. (2015). Economic development and female labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa: A test of the U-shape hypothesis. Gettysburg Economic Review, 8(1), 3.
  • Clark, R. L., York, E. A., ve Anker, R. (1999). Economic development and labor force participation of older persons. Population Research and Policy Review, 18(5), 411-433.
  • Duval, R., Eris, M., ve Furceri, D. (2010). Labour force participation hysteresis in ındustrial countries: evidence and causes. OECD Economics Department, 1-29.
  • Dücan, E., ve Polat, M. A. (2017). Kadın istihdamının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 155-170.
  • Fatima, A., ve Sultana, H. (2009). Tracing out the U‐shape relationship between female labor force participation rate and economic development for Pakistan. International Journal of Social Economics. 36 (1/2), 182–198.
  • Gaddis, I., ve Klasen, S. (2014). Economic development, structural change, and women’s labor force participation. Journal of Population Economics, 27(3), 639-681.
  • Goldin, C. (1994). The U-shaped female labor force function in economic development and economic history. NBER Working Paper No. 4707.
  • Güçlü, M. (2018). Ekonomik kalkınma ve kadınların işgücüne katılımı: Türkiye için U hipotezinin yeniden test edilmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (32), 203-210.
  • Haque, A. U., Kibria, G., Selim, M. I., ve Smrity, D. Y. (2019). Labor force participation rate and economic growth: Observations for Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 5(9), 209-213.
  • Husain, H. (2016). Economic development, women empowerment and U shaped labour force function: Time series evidence for Bangladesh. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 6(12), 719.
  • Kargi, B. (2014). Labor force participation rate and economic growth: observations for Turkey. Universal Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 46-54.
  • Kaynak, M. (2011). Büyüme teorileri. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi
  • Keskin, H. İ., ve Aksoy, E. (2019). OECD ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelir artışı ve işgücüne katılım arasındaki ilişki: panel eşbütünleşme analizi. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 54/1, 1-20.
  • Khaliq, A., Khan, D., Akbar, S., Hamayun, M., ve Ullah, B. (2017). Female labor market participation and economic growth: The Case of Pakistan. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(2), 217-230.
  • Kutlar, (2018). https://www.ayeum.com/ders/eviews-programi-ile-panel-veri-analizi (Erişim Tarihi 12.03.2018)
  • Lahoti, R., ve Swaminathan, H. (2013). Economic development and female labor force participation in India. IIM Bangalore Research Paper, (414).
  • Lechman, E., ve Kaur, H. (2015). Economic growth and female labor force participation–verifying the U-feminization hypothesis. New evidence for 162 countries over the period 1990-2012. Economics and Sociology, 8 (1), 246-257.
  • Lincove, J. A. (2008). Growth, girls' education, and female labor: A longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Developing Areas, 45-68.
  • Luci, A. (2009). Female labour market participation and economic growth. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 4(2-3), 97-108.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., ve Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407-437.
  • Mishra, S. P. (2018). Female labour force participation and economic growth in India: A Cross Sectional Analysis using Census Data. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5(1), 190-193.
  • Olivetti, C. (2013). The female labor force and long-run development: the American experience in comparative perspective. Leah Platt Boustan, Carola Frydman and Robert A. Margo (Ed), Human Capital in History içinde (ss. 161-212). Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  • Reddy, A. B. (2016). Labour force participation of elderly in India: patterns and determinants. International Journal of Social Economics. 43 (5), 502-516.
  • Reuters, T. State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2019/20 (2020). Thomson Reuters, Dinar Standard, https://www.salaamgateway.com/SGIE19-20 (Erişim Tarihi; 25.08.2020).
  • Romer, P.M. (2006). Advanced macroeconomics. (Fourth Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
  • Roy, S. (2018). An Endeavour to Empirically Verify the ‘Feminisation ‘U’Hypothesis’ ofFfemale Labour force Participation Rate in India (1991-2016). Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 6(9), 1-11.
  • Saribaş, H. (2016). Ana akım büyüme modeli ve yakınsama hipotezlerinin analizi: panel veri yaklaşımı. Sosyoekonomi, 24(30), 169-186.
  • Şahin, B. Y., ve Alp, C. (2020). Kadınların işgücüne katılımının ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(45), 186-202.
  • Tam, H. (2011). U-shaped female labor participation with economic development: Some panel data evidence. Economics Letters, 110(2), 140-142.
  • Tansel, A. (2001). Economic development and female labor force participation in Turkey: Time-series evidence and cross-province estimates. ERF. Working Paper Series No: 124.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2012). Panel veri ekonometrisi, İstanbul: Beta Yayımcılık.
  • Tsani, S., Paroussos, L., Fragiadakis, C., Charalambidis, I., ve Capros, P. (2013). Female labour force participation and economic growth in the South Mediterranean countries. Economics Letters, 120(2), 323-328.
  • Verme, P. (2015). Economic development and female labor participation in the Middle East and North Africa: a test of the U-shape hypothesis. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 4(1), 1-21.
  • World Bank, (n.d.). [Veri seti]. https//data.worldbank.org/country (Erişim Tarihi:17 Şubat 2021)
  • World Population Review (2021). Muslim Majority Countries,2021. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-majority-countries (Erişim tarihi:08.11.2021)

The Relationship between Productivity and Employment in the Context of the Basic Solow Model: Panel Data Analysis on Selected Islamic Countries

Yıl 2022, , 267 - 279, 27.03.2022
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.990839

Öz

The concept of economic growth, which is of great importance for national economies, is closely related to labor productivity as well as labor, capital, and technology. In terms of estimating the optimal factor combination, it is very important, to be able to determine in which region of the production public and private sector companies operate. As it is known, optimizing the factor composition induce the effective use of production resources and achieving higher output levels. On the other hand, being able to make predictions about the productivity of the labor force, which is a factor of production, will help to take more accurate decisions in the policies to be applied regarding the labor market. Therefore, in this study, the relationship between output per labor force and the labor participation rate was examined within the scope of the basic Solow model. Data of selected Islamic countries namely UAE, Oman, Bahrain, Turkey, Malaysia, Indonesia, Pakistan, Sudan, Egypt, and Jordan were used at annual frequency for the period 2001 – 2019. The labor force participation rate was added to the basic Solow model, and its relationship with output per labor force was investigated. Due to the assumption deviations related to the established model, the model was analyzed through the Driscoll-Kraay Standard Error estimator. The findings revealed that the basic Solow model is valid in the aforementioned countries for the specified period. Moreover, there is a significant and negative relationship between output per labor force and labor force participation rate. In other words, when the labor force participation rate increases by 1%, output per labor force decreases by approximately 1.8%.

Kaynakça

  • Baltagi, B. H. (2005). Econometric analysis of panel data. San Francisco: Johan Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 3th Edition.
  • Barro, R. J. (1991). Economic growth in a cross section of countries. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 106(2), 407-443.
  • Barro, R. J., ve Sala-i-Martin, X. (1992). Convergence. Journal of Political Economy, 100(2), 223-251.
  • Belke, M., ve Bolat, S. (2016). The panel data analysis of female labor participation and economic development relationship in developed and developing countries. Economic Research Guardian, 6(2), 67-73.
  • Chapman, K. A. (2015). Economic development and female labor force participation in the Middle East and North Africa: A test of the U-shape hypothesis. Gettysburg Economic Review, 8(1), 3.
  • Clark, R. L., York, E. A., ve Anker, R. (1999). Economic development and labor force participation of older persons. Population Research and Policy Review, 18(5), 411-433.
  • Duval, R., Eris, M., ve Furceri, D. (2010). Labour force participation hysteresis in ındustrial countries: evidence and causes. OECD Economics Department, 1-29.
  • Dücan, E., ve Polat, M. A. (2017). Kadın istihdamının ekonomik büyümeye etkisi: OECD ülkeleri için panel veri analizi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 26(1), 155-170.
  • Fatima, A., ve Sultana, H. (2009). Tracing out the U‐shape relationship between female labor force participation rate and economic development for Pakistan. International Journal of Social Economics. 36 (1/2), 182–198.
  • Gaddis, I., ve Klasen, S. (2014). Economic development, structural change, and women’s labor force participation. Journal of Population Economics, 27(3), 639-681.
  • Goldin, C. (1994). The U-shaped female labor force function in economic development and economic history. NBER Working Paper No. 4707.
  • Güçlü, M. (2018). Ekonomik kalkınma ve kadınların işgücüne katılımı: Türkiye için U hipotezinin yeniden test edilmesi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (32), 203-210.
  • Haque, A. U., Kibria, G., Selim, M. I., ve Smrity, D. Y. (2019). Labor force participation rate and economic growth: Observations for Bangladesh. International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, 5(9), 209-213.
  • Husain, H. (2016). Economic development, women empowerment and U shaped labour force function: Time series evidence for Bangladesh. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 6(12), 719.
  • Kargi, B. (2014). Labor force participation rate and economic growth: observations for Turkey. Universal Journal of Management and Social Sciences, 4(4), 46-54.
  • Kaynak, M. (2011). Büyüme teorileri. Ankara: Gazi Kitapevi
  • Keskin, H. İ., ve Aksoy, E. (2019). OECD ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde gelir artışı ve işgücüne katılım arasındaki ilişki: panel eşbütünleşme analizi. Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 54/1, 1-20.
  • Khaliq, A., Khan, D., Akbar, S., Hamayun, M., ve Ullah, B. (2017). Female labor market participation and economic growth: The Case of Pakistan. Journal of Social Science Studies, 4(2), 217-230.
  • Kutlar, (2018). https://www.ayeum.com/ders/eviews-programi-ile-panel-veri-analizi (Erişim Tarihi 12.03.2018)
  • Lahoti, R., ve Swaminathan, H. (2013). Economic development and female labor force participation in India. IIM Bangalore Research Paper, (414).
  • Lechman, E., ve Kaur, H. (2015). Economic growth and female labor force participation–verifying the U-feminization hypothesis. New evidence for 162 countries over the period 1990-2012. Economics and Sociology, 8 (1), 246-257.
  • Lincove, J. A. (2008). Growth, girls' education, and female labor: A longitudinal analysis. The Journal of Developing Areas, 45-68.
  • Luci, A. (2009). Female labour market participation and economic growth. International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development, 4(2-3), 97-108.
  • Mankiw, N. G., Romer, D., ve Weil, D. N. (1992). A contribution to the empirics of economic growth. The quarterly Journal of Economics, 107(2), 407-437.
  • Mishra, S. P. (2018). Female labour force participation and economic growth in India: A Cross Sectional Analysis using Census Data. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 5(1), 190-193.
  • Olivetti, C. (2013). The female labor force and long-run development: the American experience in comparative perspective. Leah Platt Boustan, Carola Frydman and Robert A. Margo (Ed), Human Capital in History içinde (ss. 161-212). Chicago:University of Chicago Press.
  • Reddy, A. B. (2016). Labour force participation of elderly in India: patterns and determinants. International Journal of Social Economics. 43 (5), 502-516.
  • Reuters, T. State of the Global Islamic Economy Report 2019/20 (2020). Thomson Reuters, Dinar Standard, https://www.salaamgateway.com/SGIE19-20 (Erişim Tarihi; 25.08.2020).
  • Romer, P.M. (2006). Advanced macroeconomics. (Fourth Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Companies Inc.
  • Roy, S. (2018). An Endeavour to Empirically Verify the ‘Feminisation ‘U’Hypothesis’ ofFfemale Labour force Participation Rate in India (1991-2016). Indian Journal of Economics and Development, 6(9), 1-11.
  • Saribaş, H. (2016). Ana akım büyüme modeli ve yakınsama hipotezlerinin analizi: panel veri yaklaşımı. Sosyoekonomi, 24(30), 169-186.
  • Şahin, B. Y., ve Alp, C. (2020). Kadınların işgücüne katılımının ekonomik büyüme üzerine etkisi: Türkiye örneği. Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 17(45), 186-202.
  • Tam, H. (2011). U-shaped female labor participation with economic development: Some panel data evidence. Economics Letters, 110(2), 140-142.
  • Tansel, A. (2001). Economic development and female labor force participation in Turkey: Time-series evidence and cross-province estimates. ERF. Working Paper Series No: 124.
  • Tatoğlu, F. Y. (2012). Panel veri ekonometrisi, İstanbul: Beta Yayımcılık.
  • Tsani, S., Paroussos, L., Fragiadakis, C., Charalambidis, I., ve Capros, P. (2013). Female labour force participation and economic growth in the South Mediterranean countries. Economics Letters, 120(2), 323-328.
  • Verme, P. (2015). Economic development and female labor participation in the Middle East and North Africa: a test of the U-shape hypothesis. IZA Journal of Labor & Development, 4(1), 1-21.
  • World Bank, (n.d.). [Veri seti]. https//data.worldbank.org/country (Erişim Tarihi:17 Şubat 2021)
  • World Population Review (2021). Muslim Majority Countries,2021. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/muslim-majority-countries (Erişim tarihi:08.11.2021)
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler
Yazarlar

Caner Dilber 0000-0002-2648-925X

Hacı Bayram Işık 0000-0002-5228-4004

Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Mart 2022
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Eylül 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022

Kaynak Göster

APA Dilber, C., & Işık, H. B. (2022). Temel Solow Modeli Bağlamında Verimlilik ve İstihdam İlişkisi: Seçilmiş İslam Ülkeleri Üzerine Panel Veri Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(1), 267-279. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.990839