Gelir Dağılımı ve Ekonomik Büyüme: Kuznet Eğrisi'ni Tamamlayıcı Ülkeler Arası Bir Yatay Kesit Çalışma

Yıl 2017, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 235 - 250, 31.12.2017

Abdullah Keskin

Öz

Bu çalışma, yatay
kesit veri kullanılarak gelir dağılımı ile ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkiyi
analiz etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma ayrıca ülkelerin GSYİH büyüme oranını
maksimize eden Gini katsayısını araştırmaktadır. Çalışmada, bu iki değişken
arasındaki ilişkiyi test etmek için 105 ülkeye ait veriler kullanılarak
doğrusal olmayan bir regresyon denklemi tahmin edilmektedir. Bu ilişki Gelir
Dağılımı-Büyüme Eğrisi (IGC) olarak adlandırılmaktadır. Regresyon modeli önce
2001 yılı verileriyle tahmin edilmekte, daha sonra 2011 verileriyle süreç
yinelenmektedir. GSYİH büyüme oranını maksimize eden Gini katsayısı 2001 yılı
verileriyle 0,436 ve 2011 yılı verileriyle 0,464 olarak tahmin edilmiştir.  Ayrıca IGC, Kuznet Eğrisiyle
karşılaştırılmaktadır. Bu çalışmadaki bulgular, genel kanının aksine, ekonomik
büyüme oranını artırmak için gelişmekte olan ülkelerin gelir dağılımı
eşitsizliğini azaltan politikalar uygulaması gerektiği, gelişmiş ülkelerin ise
gelir dağılımı eşitsizliğini azaltan politikalardan uzak durması gerektiği
sonucuna varmaktadır. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Gelir Dağılımı, Gini Katsayısı, Ekonomik Büyüme Oranı, Gelir Dağılımı-Büyüme Eğrisi, Kuznets Eğrisi

Income Distribution and Economic Growth: A Complementary Cross Country Study to the Kuznets Curve

Öz

This study aims to
analyze the relationship between income distribution and economic growth using
cross country data. The study also investigates whether there is a certain
level of Gini coefficient which maximizes GDP growth rate. The available data
on Gini coefficients and GDP growth rates of 105 countries is used to test a
nonlinear relationship between these two variables, namely Inequality-Growth
Curve (IGC). The model is first estimated for 2001 and then the estimation is
repeated for 2011. The Gini coefficient which maximizes GDP growth rate is
estimated as 0,436 for 2001 and 0,464 for 2011. Also, IGC is compared with
Kuznets Curve. This paper suggests that, being opposite to the common sense,
developing countries should reduce income inequality to increase their GDP
growth rates while developed countries should increase.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Income Distribution, Gini Coefficient, Economic Growth Rate, Inequality-Growth Curve, Kuznets Curve

Kaynakça

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