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Kongre Turizmi Açısından İstanbul İlinin Uluslararası Rekabetçilik Analizi

Yıl 2015, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 85 - 108, 08.02.2016

Öz

İstanbul tarihi ve doğal güzellikleri, stratejik konumu, kongre pazarına yakınlığı gibi avantajlarına rağmen gerek kongre turisti sayısı gerekse elde edilen gelir açısından hak ettiği yere gelememiştir. Araştırma kapsamında bunun nedenlerini anlamak için en yakın rakipleri olan Berlin,  Paris,  Barselona, Viyana ve Singapur ile rekabeti ölçtüğü düşünülen 36 faktörle karşılaştırılarak üstün ve zayıf yönleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda İstanbul’un karşılaştırmalı rekabet gücünün rakiplerinden üstün olmadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. İstanbul tarihi ve kültürel zenginlik, alışveriş imkânı, konukseverlik, ürün çeşitliliği, doğal çevrenin güzelliği ve genel anlamda çekicilik gibi faktörlerde güçlü bulunurken; doğal afetlerin zararsızlığı, savaş ve terör olayları, deniz ve kumsalları, ulaşımın etkinliği, güçlü devlet ve engelsiz bürokrasi, politik yapı, işletmelerin pazarlama-rekabet stratejileri ve altyapı gibi faktörlerde ise zayıf bulunmuştur.

Kaynakça

  • Bahar, O. ve Kozak, M.2005. Türkiye Turizminin Akdeniz Ülkeleri ile Rekabet Gücü Açısından Karşılaştırılması Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, Güz: 139-152.
  • Bahar, O. ve Kozak,M.2007.Advancing Destination Competitiveness Research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22 (2), 61-71
  • Bahar, Ozan ve Kozak,M. (2008). Turizm Ekonomisi, 2 Basım, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık
  • Bălan,D., Balaure,V. ve Veghes, C. 2009. Travel and Tourism Competitiveness of the World’s Top Tourism Destinations: An Exploratory Assessment Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica. 11(2)
  • Buhalis, D. 2000. Marketing The Competitive Destination of The Future. Tourism Management, 21, 97–116.
  • Camprubi, R., J. Guia ve Comas,J. 2008. Destination Networks and Induced Tourism Image. Tourism Review. Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 47-58.Clark, D. ve K. W.
  • Chambers, L.2010. Destination Compettitiveness an Analysis of the Characteristics to Differentiate All-Inclusive Hotels & Island Destinations in the Caribbean. School of Hospitality & Service Management College of Applied Science and Technology Rochester Institute of Technology
  • Crouch.G.I., J.R.B. Ritchie. (1999) Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research 44:137–152
  • Crouch, G. ve Ritchie, J.B.R. 2000. Tourism, Competitiveness and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44., pp. 137-152.
  • D’hauteserre, A.M. 2000. Lessons İn Managed Destination Competitiveness: The Case of Foxwoods Casino Resort. Tourism Management. 21(1). 23–32
  • Dwyer,L. ve Kim, C. 2003. Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and İndicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369-414.
  • Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P. ve Rao, P. 2000 .The Price Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism: A Comparison of 19 Destinations., Tourism Management,21(1) 9-22
  • Echtner, C.M. ve J.R.B. Ritchie.2003. The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image. The Journal of Tourism Studies. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 37-48.
  • Enright, J.M. ve Newton, J.2004.Tourism Destination Competitiveness: A Quantitative Approach, School of Business, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Tourism Management 25 (2004) 777–788
  • Hassan, S. S. 2000. Determinants of Market Competitiveness in An Environmentally Sustainable Tourism İndustry. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 239–245
  • Kayar, Ç.H ve Kozak, N. 2007. Measuring Destination Competitiveness: An Application of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,19:203-216,2010
  • Kotler, P., Bowen, J. ve Makens, J. 1998. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism Prentice Hall İnternational. New York.
  • Kozak,M. ve Rimmington M. 1999. Measuring Tourist Destination Competitiveness: Conceptual Considerations and Empirical Findings. Hospitality Management. 273-283
  • Kozak,M., Baloğlu,Ş. ve Bahar, O. 2010. Measuring Destination Competitiveness: Multiple Destinations Versus Multiple Nationalities, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,19:56-71
  • Lumsdon, L. 1997. Tourism Marketing. London, International Thomson Business Press
  • Meng, F. 2006. An Examination of Destination Competitiveness from the Tourists’ Perspective: The Relationship between Quality of Tourism Experience and Perceived Destination Competitiveness, Blacksburg, Virginia
  • Pansiri, J. 2014. Tourist Motives and Destination Competitiveness: A Gap Analysis Perspective. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 15:3, 217-247,
  • Zhang, J. ve Jensen, C. 2007. Comparative Advantage Explaining Tourism Flows. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 223-243.
Yıl 2015, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2, 85 - 108, 08.02.2016

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Bahar, O. ve Kozak, M.2005. Türkiye Turizminin Akdeniz Ülkeleri ile Rekabet Gücü Açısından Karşılaştırılması Anatolia: Turizm Araştırmaları Dergisi, Cilt 16, Sayı 2, Güz: 139-152.
  • Bahar, O. ve Kozak,M.2007.Advancing Destination Competitiveness Research. Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 22 (2), 61-71
  • Bahar, Ozan ve Kozak,M. (2008). Turizm Ekonomisi, 2 Basım, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık
  • Bălan,D., Balaure,V. ve Veghes, C. 2009. Travel and Tourism Competitiveness of the World’s Top Tourism Destinations: An Exploratory Assessment Annales Universitatis Apulensis Series Oeconomica. 11(2)
  • Buhalis, D. 2000. Marketing The Competitive Destination of The Future. Tourism Management, 21, 97–116.
  • Camprubi, R., J. Guia ve Comas,J. 2008. Destination Networks and Induced Tourism Image. Tourism Review. Vol. 63, No. 2, pp. 47-58.Clark, D. ve K. W.
  • Chambers, L.2010. Destination Compettitiveness an Analysis of the Characteristics to Differentiate All-Inclusive Hotels & Island Destinations in the Caribbean. School of Hospitality & Service Management College of Applied Science and Technology Rochester Institute of Technology
  • Crouch.G.I., J.R.B. Ritchie. (1999) Tourism, Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research 44:137–152
  • Crouch, G. ve Ritchie, J.B.R. 2000. Tourism, Competitiveness and Societal Prosperity. Journal of Business Research, 44., pp. 137-152.
  • D’hauteserre, A.M. 2000. Lessons İn Managed Destination Competitiveness: The Case of Foxwoods Casino Resort. Tourism Management. 21(1). 23–32
  • Dwyer,L. ve Kim, C. 2003. Destination Competitiveness: Determinants and İndicators. Current Issues in Tourism, 6(5), 369-414.
  • Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P. ve Rao, P. 2000 .The Price Competitiveness of Travel and Tourism: A Comparison of 19 Destinations., Tourism Management,21(1) 9-22
  • Echtner, C.M. ve J.R.B. Ritchie.2003. The Meaning and Measurement of Destination Image. The Journal of Tourism Studies. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 37-48.
  • Enright, J.M. ve Newton, J.2004.Tourism Destination Competitiveness: A Quantitative Approach, School of Business, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Tourism Management 25 (2004) 777–788
  • Hassan, S. S. 2000. Determinants of Market Competitiveness in An Environmentally Sustainable Tourism İndustry. Journal of Travel Research, 38, 239–245
  • Kayar, Ç.H ve Kozak, N. 2007. Measuring Destination Competitiveness: An Application of the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,19:203-216,2010
  • Kotler, P., Bowen, J. ve Makens, J. 1998. Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism Prentice Hall İnternational. New York.
  • Kozak,M. ve Rimmington M. 1999. Measuring Tourist Destination Competitiveness: Conceptual Considerations and Empirical Findings. Hospitality Management. 273-283
  • Kozak,M., Baloğlu,Ş. ve Bahar, O. 2010. Measuring Destination Competitiveness: Multiple Destinations Versus Multiple Nationalities, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management,19:56-71
  • Lumsdon, L. 1997. Tourism Marketing. London, International Thomson Business Press
  • Meng, F. 2006. An Examination of Destination Competitiveness from the Tourists’ Perspective: The Relationship between Quality of Tourism Experience and Perceived Destination Competitiveness, Blacksburg, Virginia
  • Pansiri, J. 2014. Tourist Motives and Destination Competitiveness: A Gap Analysis Perspective. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration. 15:3, 217-247,
  • Zhang, J. ve Jensen, C. 2007. Comparative Advantage Explaining Tourism Flows. Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 223-243.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Fatma Özçelik Heper Bu kişi benim

Mehmet Sarıışık Bu kişi benim

Yayımlanma Tarihi 8 Şubat 2016
Gönderilme Tarihi 8 Şubat 2016
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2015 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Özçelik Heper, F., & Sarıışık, M. (2016). Kongre Turizmi Açısından İstanbul İlinin Uluslararası Rekabetçilik Analizi. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 17(2), 85-108.