Effect of Transformational Leadership Behaviors on Job Satisfaction in Healthcare Institutions: A Meta Analysis Research

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 23 Sayı: 1, 327 - 347, 29.03.2021

Arzu Yiğit , Mine Alaoğlu

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.843833

Cited By: 1

Öz

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of transformational leadership behaviors on staff job satisfaction in healthcare institutions. Systematic review and meta-analysis method was used in the research. As a result of the systematic review, a meta-analysis of 35 studies was conducted in line with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. In meta-analysis, firstly, heterogeneity test was performed and random effects model was preferred according to heterogeneity test result. In the study, moderator analysis, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were performed. Funnel plot, trim and fill test and the statistics of Begg and Mazumdar rank correlations were used to determine the publication bias. It was determined that transformational leadership behaviors in health institutions have a strong positive effect on staff job satisfaction (ES = 0.54, G.A; 0.47-0.61; p> 0.05) and are statistically significant. It was determined that the variables of publication type, year of publication, and the country in which the studies were included in the study did not play a moderator role and there was no publication bias. The behaviors exhibited by transformational leaders, who are defined as the master of change, inspiring, motivating, coach or mentor in an organization, have a significant effect on the job and life satisfaction of the employees. they leave. For this reason, people who display transformational leadership behaviors should be preferred in the selection and or appointment of managers.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, systematic review, meta-analysis

Sağlık Kurumlarında Transformasyonel Liderlik Davranışlarının Personel İş Doyumuna Etkisi: Bir Meta Analiz Araştırması

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sağlık kurumlarında transformasyonel liderlik davranışlarının personel iş doyumuna etkisini tespit etmektir. Araştırmada sistematik derleme ve meta analiz yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sistematik derleme sonucu, belirlenen dahil etme ve dışlama kriterleri doğrultusunda 35 çalışmanın meta analizi yapılmıştır. Meta analizinde ilk olarak heterojenlik testi yapılmış ve heterojenlik testi sonucuna göre rastgele etkiler modeli tercih edilmiştir. Araştırmada moderatör analiz, duyarlılık analizi ve yayın yanlılığı analizi yapılmıştır. Yayın yanlılığının belirlenmesi için huni grafiği, trim ve fill testi ile Begg ve Mazumdar sıra korelasyonları istatistiğinden yararlanılmıştır. Sağlık kuruluşlarında transformasyonel liderlik davranışlarının personel iş doyumu üzerinde (ES=0,54, G.A; 0,47-0,61; p >0.05) pozitif yönlü güçlü bir etkiye sahip olduğu ve istatiksel olarak anlamlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmaya dahil edilen çalışmaların yayın türü, yayın yılı ve çalışmaların yapıldığı ülke değişkenlerinin moderatör rol oynamadığı ve yayın yanlılığı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bir organizasyonda değişimin ustası, ilham veren, motive eden, koç veya mentor olarak tanımlanan transformasyonel liderlerin sergiledikleri davranışlar çalışanların iş ve yaşam doyumu üzerine önemli bir etkisi olmaktadır. bırakmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle yönetici seçim ve veya atamasında transformayonel liderlik davranışları sergileyen kişiler tercih edilmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Transformasyonel liderlik, iş doyumu, sistematik derleme, meta analiz

Kaynakça

• Abdelhafiz, I. M., Alloubani, A. M. D., & Almatari, M. (2016). Impact of leadership styles adopted by head nurses on job satisfaction: A comparative study between governmental and private hospitals in Jordan. Journal of Nursing Management, 24(3), 384–392. doi:10.1111/jonm.12333
• Adebayo, O. O. (2010). Obstetrıc nurses’ perceptions of manager’ s leadership style on job satisfaction and organizational commitment. Doctoral dissertation, Unıversıty Of Phoenıx.
• Al-Hussami, M. (2008). A study of nurses’ job satisfaction: The relationship to organizational commitment, perceived organizational support, transactional leadership, transformational leadership, and level of education. European Journal of Scientific Research, 22(2), 286–295.
• Alkassabi, O. Y., Al-Sobayel, H., Al-Eisa, E. S., Buragadda, S., Alghadir, A. H., & Iqbal, A. (2018). Job satisfaction among physiotherapists in Saudi Arabia: Does the leadership style matter? BMC Health Services Research, 18:422. doi:10.1186/s12913-018-3184-9
• Alshahrani, F. M. M., & Baig, L. A. (2016). Effect of leadership styles on job satisfaction among critical care nurses in Aseer, Saudi Arabia. Journal of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan, 26(5), 366–370.
• Ayeleke, Reuben Olugbenga, Dunham, Anette, North, Nicola, Wallis, Katherine. (2018). The concept of leadership in the health care sector. Göker S.D (Ed.) Leadership (pp. 83-96), IntecOpen Limited.
• Aziri, B. (2011). Job satisfaction, a literature review. Management Research and Practice, 3(1), 77–90.
• Bakioğlu, A.,ve Özcan, Ş. (2016). Meta analizi. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık Eğitim Danışmanlık Tic. Ltd. Şti.
• Barlow, K. M. (2013). A Meta-analysis of transformational leadership and subordinate nursing personnel organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. In UMI Dissertation Publishing. University of Maryland.
• Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: The Free Press.
• Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organisational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
• Blankenship, S. L. (2010). The consequences of transformational leadership and/or transactional leadership in relationship to job satisfaction and organizational commitment for active duty women serving in the air force medical service. Nova Southeastern University.
• Boamah, S. A., Laschinger, H. K. S., Wong, C., & Clarke, S. (2018). Effect of transformational leadership on job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. Nursing outlook, 66(2), 180-189. Doi:10.1016/j.outlook.2017.10.004
• Bodur, S. (2002). Job satisfaction of health care staff employed at health centres in Turkey. Occupational Medicine, 52(6), 353–355.
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L, V., Higgins, J, P, T., Rosthstein, H, R. . (2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. A John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Publication.
• Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J., & Rothstein, H. (2005). Comprehensive meta-analysis version 2. Englewood, NJ: Biostat,
• Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, R. H. (2009). Introduction to Meta Analysis. 1st ed. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
• Bormann B, L. (2011). The relationship between staff nurse perception of nurse manager leadership behavior and staff nurse job satisfaction in a hospital applying for magnet recognition status. Doctor of Philosophy, University of Louisville.
• Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S., & Frey, D. (2013). Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust. Leadership Quarterly, 24(1), 270–283. Doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2012.11.006
• Breaux, P. J. (2009). An investigation of the relationships between Emergency Medical Technician's ratings of Emergency Medical Service (EMS) director's transformational leadership and job satisfaction in rural EMS environments. Our Lady of the Lake University.
• Card, N. A. (2012). Applied meta-analysis for social science research. New York: Guilford Publications.
• Çelik, V. (1998). Eğitim’de dönüşümcü liderlik. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 16(16), 423–442.
• Chiok Foong Loke, J. (2001). Leadership behaviours: Effects on job satisfaction, productivity and organizational commitment. Journal of Nursing Management, 9(4), 191–204.
• Choi, S. L., Goh, C. F., Adam, M. B. H., & Tan, O. K. (2016). Transformational leadership, empowerment, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of employee empowerment. Human Resources for Health, 14:73. doi: 10.1186/s12960-016-0171-2
• Cohen, L., Manıon, L., & Morrıson, K. (2007). Research methods in education. London: Routledge Taylor & Francis
• Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (1979). Quasi-experimentation design & analysis issues for field settings. Chicago: Rand McNally.
• Cummings, G. G., Olson, K., Hayduk, L., Bakker, D., Fitch, M., Green, E., Butler, L., & Conlon, M. (2008). The relationship between nursing leadership and nurses’ job satisfaction in Canadian oncology work environments. Journal of Nursing Management, 16(5), 508–518. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2008.00897.x
• Deeks, J.J, Higgings, J.PT, Altman, D. . (2012). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of ınterventions. JohnWiley & Sons Ltd.
• Despres, K. K. (2011). Perceived leadership styles of nurse managers’ and nurses’ job satisfactıon: A Correlatıonal Study. University Of Phoenıx.
• Dinçer, S. (2014). Eğitim bilimlerinde uygulamalı meta analiz. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Downton, J. V. (1973). Rebel leadership: Commitment and charisma in the revolutionary process. New York: Free Press.
• Dunham-Taylor, J. (2000). Nurse executive transformational leadership found in participative organizations. Journal of Nursing Administration, 30(5), 241–250. doi: 10.1097/00005110-200005000-00005
• Durlak, J. A., Meerson, I., Meerson, I., & Loyola, C. J. E. F. (2012). Meta-Analysis. In J. C. Thomas & M. Hersen. (Eds.), Understanding research in clinical and counseling psychology. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
• Failla, K. R., & Stichler, J. F. (2008). Manager and staff perceptions of the manager’s leadership style. Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(11), 480–487. doi: 10.1097/01.nna.0000339472.19725.31
• Gardner, B. D. (2010). Improve RN retention through transformational leadership styles. Nursing Management, 41(8), 8–12. doi: 10.1097/01.NUMA.0000384003.09214.ed
• Ghorbanian, A., Bahadori, M., & Nejati, M. (2012). The relationship between managers’ leadership styles and emergency medical technicians’ job satisfaction. Australasian Medical Journal, 5(1), 1–7. doi: 10.4066/AMJ.2011892
• Gullo, S. R., & Gerstle, D. S. (2004). Transformational leadership and hospital restructuring: a descriptive study. Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice, 5(4), 259–266.
• Hedges, L. V., Olkin, I. (1985). Statistical methods for meta-analysis. CA: Academic Press.
• Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., & Snyderman, B. B. (1959). The motivation to work. John Wiley & Sons.
• Karip, E. (1998). Dönüşümcü liderlik. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Yönetimi, 16(16), 443–465.
• Kılıç, G., Gülaydın, M., Sürücü, Ö., & Kasapoğlu, B. (2018). Beş Yıldızlı Otel İşletmelerinde Liderlik Davranışları İle Örgütsel Muhalefet İlişkisi. Journal Of International Social Research, 11(59) 994-1003
• Küçüközkan, Y. (2015). Liderlik ve motivasyon teorileri: kuramsal bir çerçeve. Uluslararası Akademik Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(2), 85–116.
• Kurt, S., ve Yiğit, V. (2017). Hastanelerde algılanan liderlik davranışlarının çalışanların iş tatminine etkisi: bir üniversite hastanesinde uygulama. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 28, 107–131.
• Labrague, L. J., Nwafor, C. E., & Tsaras, K. (2020). Influence of toxic and transformational leadership practices on nurses’ job satisfaction, psychological distress, absenteeism, and turnover intention. Journal of Nursing Management, 28 (1), 1104-1113. doi:10.1111/jonm.13053
• Larrabee, J. H., Janney, M. A., Ostrow, C. L., Withrow, M. L., Hobbs, G. R., & Burant, C. (2003). Predicting registered nurse job satisfaction and intent to leave. Journal of Nursing Administration, 33(5), 271–283. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005110-200305000-00003
• Mittlböck, M., & Heiznl, H. (2006). A simulation study comparing properties of heterogeneity measures in meta-analyses. Statistics in Medicine, 25(April), 4267–4278.
• Mohammad, S. I. S., Al-Zeaud, H. A., & Batayneh, A. M. . (2011). The relationship between trans formational leadership and employees’ satisfaction at jordonian private hospitals. Bussiness and Economic Horızons, 5(2), 35–46.
• Moher, D., Shamseer, L., Clarke, M., Ghersi, D., Liberati, A., Petticrew, M., Shekelle, P., Stewart, L. A., … Whitlock, E. (2015). Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. Revista Espanola de Nutricion Humana Dietetica, 20(2), 148–160. doi:10.1186/2046-4053-4-1
• Munir, F., Nielsen, K., Garde, A. H., Albertsen, K., & Carneiro, I. G. (2012). Mediating the effects of work-life conflict between transformational leadership and health-care workers’ job satisfaction and psychological wellbeing. Journal of Nursing Management, 20(4), 512–521. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2011.01308.x
• Musinguzi, C., Namale, L., Rutebemberwa, E., Dahal, A., Nahirya-Ntege, P., & Kekitiinwa, A. (2018). The relationship between leadership style and health worker motivation, job satisfaction and teamwork in Uganda. Journal of Healthcare Leadership, 10 (April), 21–32. doi: 10.2147/JHL.S147885
• Negussie, N., & Demissie, A. (2013). Relationship between leadership styles of nurse managers and nurses’ job satisfaction in Jimma University Specialized Hospital. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 23(1), 49–58.
• Nielsen, K., Yarker, J., Randall, R., & Munir, F. (2009). The mediating effects of team and self-efficacy on the relationship between transformational leadership, and job satisfaction and psychological well-being in healthcare professionals: A cross-sectional questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(9), 1236–1244. doi.:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.03.001
• Omer, T. Y. (2005). Leadership style of nurse managers at the Saudi National Guard hospitals, Doctoral dissertation, George Mason University.
• Ramey, J. W. (2002). Marshall digital scholar the relationship between leadership styles of nurse managers and staff nurse job satisfaction in hospital settings. Theses, Dissertations and Capstones.Marshall University.
• Santa Maria, V. (2007). Leadership styles of nurse-managers: Influences on commitment, Doctoral dissertation, Stevens Institute of Technology.
• Sezgin, G. (2018). Hastaneler yöneticileri̇ liderlik davranış tarzlarının sağlık çalışanlarının tatmini̇ üzerine etkisi̇: Özel İstanbul Bölge Hastanesi’nde sağlık çalışanları üzerinde bir uygulama. (Yüksek lisans tezi). Kahramanmaraş: Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi.
• Shahab, M. A., & Nisa, I. (2014). The influence of leadership and work attitudes toward job satisfaction and performance of employee. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 2(5), 69-77.
• Syrek, C. J., & Antoni, C. H. (2017). Psychological contract fulfillment and employee responses to pay system change: The effects of transformational leadership. Journal of Personnel Psychology, 16(4), 172–185. doi: 10.1027/1866-5888/a000186
• Tengilimoğlu, D., ve Yiğit, A. (2005). Hastanelerde liderlik davranışlarının personel iş doyumuna etkisini belirlemeye yönelik bir alan çalışması. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 8(3), 374-400.
• Thompson, S. G., & Higgins, J. P. (2002). How should meta‐regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted?. Statistics in medicine, 21(11), 1559-1573.
• Top, M., Akdere, M., ve Tarcan, M. (2015). Examining transformational leadership, job satisfaction, organizational commitment and organizational trust in Turkish hospitals: public servants versus private sector employees. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 26(9), 1259–1282. doi: 10.1080/09585192.2014.939987
• Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between organizational culture, leadership behavior and job satisfaction. BMC health services research, 11(1), 98. doi: 10.1186/1472-6963-
• Uysal, Ş. A., Keklik, B., Erdem, R., ve Çelik, R. (2012). Hastane yöneticilerinin liderlik özellikleri ile çalışanların iş üretkenlik düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Hacettepe Sağlık İdaresi Dergisi, 15(1), 25–57.
• Valentine, J. C. (2009). Judging the quality of primary research. In H. Cooper & L. V. Hedges (Eds.) (pp. 129–146). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
• Vandenberghe, C., Stordeur, S., & D’hoore, W. (2002). Transactional and transformational leadership in nursing: Structural validity and substantive relationships. European Journal of Psychological Assessment, 18(1), 16–29. doi:10.1027//1015-5759.18.1.16
• Wang, X., Chontawan, R., & Nantsupawat, R. (2012). Transformational leadership: Effect on the job satisfaction of Registered Nurses in a hospital in China. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68(2), 444–451. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2011.05762.x
• Watson, L. M. (2008). The influence of supervisor leadership behaviors on motivators affecting job satisfaction of medical imaging professionals. Dissertation/Thesis University of Phoenix.
• Wong, M. Y. (2007). Transformatıonal Leadership And Job Satısfactıon Of Advanced Practice Nurses In Publıc Health Settıng (Issue March). University Of Phoenıx.
• Wortman, P. M. (1994). Judging research quality. In H. Cooper & L. V. Hedges (Eds.) The Handbook of Research Synthesis (pp. 97–109). New York: Russell Sage.
• Yapraklı, Ş., ve Yılmaz, M. K. (2007). Çalışanların ı̇ş stresi̇ algılarının ı̇ş tatminleri üzerindeki etkisi̇: Erzurum’da ilaç mümessilleri̇ üzerinde bir saha araştırması. Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 155–183. doi: 10.16951/iibd.82767
• Yiğit, A. (2018). Sağlık hizmetlerinde sistematik derleme ve meta analiz. Latvia, European Union: Lambert Academic Publishing.