The Effect Of Envıronmental Rısk Perceptıon On Sustaınable Behavıor & The Intermedıate Role Of Envıronmental Concerns Of Busıness Managers; The Case Of Sanlıurfa Metropolıtan Munıcıpalıty

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 26 Sayı: 3, 1275 - 1292, 27.09.2024

Ahmet Fidanoğlu , Abdulkadir Güzel

https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.1217936

Öz

Sustainable behavior is defined as a multifaceted concept that includes environmental protection, minimizing pollution, responsible use of non-renewable resources, animal welfare & species protection. Sustainable behaviors & people's environmental risk perceptions are made possible by the implementation of behaviors that do not pollute the world or pollute natural resources in a broad sense & that can be recycled or protected. In this research, the mediating effect of environmental concern in the effect of environmental risk on sustainable behaviors was investigated. Within the scope of the research, the heads of departments from the Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality Senior Managers consist of managers affiliated to the heads of departments. 115 senior managers of Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality were reached. The obtained data were analyzed in the Smart PLS statistical analysis program. As a result of the analysis of the data obtained in the research; It was concluded that environmental risk has a significant effect on sustainable behaviors. In addition, the mediating effect of environmental concern in the effect of environmental risk on sustainable behavior has been achieved. In addition to contributing to the literature in terms of the results of the research, it is expected that the senior managers of the Şanlıurfa Metropolitan Municipality, where sustainable practices are applied intensively, will provide information on sustainable behaviors & environmental risk perceptions.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel risk, çevresel kaygı, sürdürülebilir davranışlar, Şanlıurfa Büyükşehir Belediyesi.

İşletme Yöneticilerinin Çevresel Risk Algısının Sürdürülebilir Davranışlar Üzerindeki Etkisi ile Çevresel Kaygısının Aracılık Rolü; Şanlıurfa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Örneği

Öz

Sürdürülebilir davranışlar, çevrenin korunmasını, kirliliğin en aza indirilmesini, yenilenemeyen kaynakların sorumlu kullanımını, hayvan refahını ve türlerin korunmasını içeren çok yönlü bir kavram olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir davranışlar ve kişilerin çevresel risk algıları geniş anlamda dünyayı kirletmeyen veya doğal kaynakları kirletmeyen ve geri dönüştürülebilen veya korunabilen davranışların uygulanması ile mümkün olmaktadır. Bu araştırma çevresel riskin sürdürülebilir davranışlar üzerindeki etkisinde çevresel kaygının aracılık etkisi araştırılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında Şanlıurfa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Üst Düzey yöneticilerinden daire başkanları, daire başkanlarına bağlı müdürlerden oluşmaktadır. Şanlıurfa Büyükşehir Belediyesi Üst Düzey yöneticilerinden 115 adet üst düzey yöneticiye ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Smart PLS istatistik analiz programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen verilerin analizleri sonucunda; çevresel riskin sürdürülebilir davranışlar üzerinde anlamlı etkisi olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Ayrıca çevresel riskin sürdürülebilir davranışlara etkisinde çevresel kaygının aracılık etkisine ulaşılmıştır. Araştırma elde ettiği sonuçlar bakımından literatüre katkı sağlamanın yanı sıra sürdürülebilir uygulamaların yoğun olarak uygulandığı Şanlıurfa Büyükşehir Belediyesinin üst düzey yöneticilerinin sürdürülebilir davranışlar ve çevresel risk algıları noktasında bilgiler sunması beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Çevresel risk, çevresel kaygı, sürdürülebilir davranışlar, Şanlıurfa Büyükşehir Belediyesi.

Kaynakça

• Ajzen, I. (1991), Theory of Planned Behavior, Organ. Behave. Hmm. Decision. Process., 50 pp. 179–211. . Aldrich, GA. Grimsrud, KM. Thacher, JA. Kotchen, MJ. (2007), Linking Environmental Attitudes & Contingent Values; How Robust Are Methods for Determining Preference Heterogeneity? Environment, Source, econ. , 37 p. 757 – 775.
• Alibeli, M.A. & Johnson, C., (2009). Environmental Concern; A Cross National Analysis. Journal Of International & Crosscultural Studies, Vol;3, No;1, Ps;1-10.
• Altunoğlu, B. D. ve Atav, E. “Ortaöğretim Öğrencilerinin Çevre Risk Algısı”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 36; 1-11, 2009.
• Antonetti, P. Maklan, S. Emotions that Make a Difference; How Guilt & Pride Convince Consumers of the Effectiveness of Sustainable Consumption Choices? J Bus. Ethics, 124 (2014), p. 117 – 134.
• Arbuthnot, J. Lingg, S. (1975), Comparison of French & American Environmental Behavior, Knowledge, & Attitudes 1 2 Int. J. Psychol. , 10 pp. 275 – 281.
• Arı, E. Yılmaz, V. Ev Kadınlarının Geri Dönüşüm Davranışları İçin Önerilen Bir Yapısal Model; Türkiye'den Bir Vaka Çalışması Ekol. Ekon. , 129 ( 2016 ) , S. 132 – 142.
• Avrupa Komisyonu, (2019, 2020), Avrupa Yeşil Mutabakatı-Yeni Döngüsel Ekonomi Eylem Planı Hk. 17.812.098-Tim. Akib. Gsk. Arge,/63-1884.
• Bagozzi, R. P. ve Yi, Y. (1988). “On the evaluation of structural equation models”, Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
• Balzekiene, A. Telesiene, A. ( 2017 ), Vulnerable & Insecure? Environmental & Technological Risk Perception in Europe, A. Telesiene, M. Gross (Eds.), Green European; Environmental Behavior & Attitudes In A Historical & Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective , Routledge , London P. 31 – 55.
• Bamberg, S. How Does Environmental Anxiety Influence Certain Environmental Behaviors? A New Answer to an Old Question, J. Environment. Psycho. , 23 (2003), pp. 21 – 32.
• Bang, H. Ellinger, A. Hadjimarcou, J. Traichal, P. Consumer Concern, Knowledge, Belief & Attitude towards Renewable Energy; An Application of Reasoned Action Theory Psychol. Sign. , 17 ( 2000 ), pp. 449 – 468.
• Bektaş, Fatih ve Şirin, Erkan Faruk (2018). “Yeni Çevresel Paradigma Ölçeği İle Dağcıların Çevreye Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi, Türk Spor Bilimleri Dergisi Türk Spor Bil Dergisi Cilt 1, Sayı 1 Haziran 2018, 20-26.
• Bickerstaff, K. (2004), Risk Perception Research; Socio-Cultural Perspectives on Public Experience of Air Pollution, Environment. int. , 30 pp. 827 – 840.
• Bickerstaff, K. Walker, G. (2001), Halkın hava kirliliği anlayışı; çevresel riskin 'yerelleştirilmesi' Küre. Çevre. Çang. , 11, s. 133 – 145,m.
• Blankenberg, AK. Alhusen, H. The Determinants of Environmentally Responsible Behavior—A Guide for Further ResearchUniversity of Göttingen, Center for Studies in Europe, Governance & Economic Development (CEGE), Göttingen (2018) http;//wwwuser.gwdg.de/~cege/Diskussionspapiere/DP350.pdf.
• Chawla, L. (1999), Life Paths Leading to Effective Environmental Action, J. Environment. Education, 31 pp. 15 – 26.
• Choi, A. Fielding, K. (2013), Environmental Attitudes as Wtp Predictors; A Case Study Containing Endangered Species, Ekol. econ., 89, pp. 24–32.
• Coelho, F. Pereira, M. Cruz, L. Simões, P. Barata, E. (2017), Çevre dostu davranışın etkilenmesi ve benimsenmesi; yapısal bir model, J. Çevre. Psikol. , 54 s. 127 – 138.
• Cohen, J., ve Cohen, P. (1983). Applied Multiple Regression/Correlation Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Cooper, P. Poe, GI. Bateman, IL. Motivational Structure for Conditional Values; A Case Study on Improving Lake Water Quality, Ekol. econ., 50 (2004), p. 69 – 82.
• Dhandra, TK. (2019), Earning Triple Dividends Through Awareness; More Sustainable Consumption, Less Unsustainable Consumption, & More Life Satisfaction, Ekol. econ., 161 p. 83 – 90.
• Dietz, T. Stern, PC. Guagnano, GA. (1998), Social Structural & Social Psychological Bases of Environmental Anxiety, Environment. Behave., 30 p. 450–471.
• Doğan, O., Bulut, Z. A. Ve Kökalan Çımrın, F. (2015). “Bireylerin Sürdürülebilir Tüketim Davranışlarının Ölçülmesine Yönelik Bir Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması”, İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt; 29 Sayı; 4, 659-678.
• Dunlap, RE. (2017), A Brief History of Sociological Research on Environmental Concern A. Telesiene, M. Gross (Eds.), Green Europe; Environmental Behavior & Attitudes in Europe in a Historical & Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective, Routledge, London P. Xix – Xxvi.
• Dunlap, RE. York, R.(2008), The Globalization of Environmental Concern & the Limits of Postmaterialistic Values Explained; Evidence from Four Multinational Surveys, Social. P., 49, p. 529 – 563.
• Eom, K. Kim, HS. Sherman, DK. Ishii, K. (2016), Cultural Variability in the Link Between Environmental Anxiety & Support for Environmental Action, Psychol. Science, 27 p. 1331 – 1339.
• European Commission, (2020), EU Circular Economy Action Plan for a Cleaner & More CompetitiveEuropeHttps;//Ec.Europa.Eu/Environment/Circular,Economy/Pdf/New Circular_Economy_Action_Plan.Pdf ( 2020) (Accessed 01.06.2020). European Parliament, Environmental Policy; General Principles & Basic Framework. Fact Sheets on the
• European Union, https;//Www.Europarl.Europa.Eu/ Factsheets/En/Sheet/71/Vides-Policy-Visparigi-Principi-Un-Pamatsistema (2019).
• Farjam, M. Nikolaychuk, O. Bravo, G. (2019), Experimental Evidence of an Environmental Attitude-Behavior Gap in High-Cost Situations, School. econ. , 166, p. 106434.
• Fornell, C., & Larcker, DF (1981). Gözlemlenemeyen değişkenler ve ölçüm hatası ile yapısal eşitlik modellerinin değerlendirilmesi. Pazarlama Araştırması Dergisi, 18 (1), 39–50.
• Fraj-Andrés, E. Martínez-Salinas, E. The Impact of Environmental Information on Ecological Consumer Behavior; An Empirical Analysis, J. Int. consume. Sign. , 19 (2007), p. 73 – 102.
• Franzen, A. Meyer, R. (2010), Environmental Attitudes in International Perspective; A Multilevel Analysis of Issp 1993 & 2000, Euro. Social. Rev., 26, p. 219 – 234. doi: 10.1093/esr/jcp018
• Franzen, A. Vogl, D. (2013), Measuring Environmental Attitudes over Twenty Years; Shoppers; 33 Twenty-match analysis Sphere. Environment. Chang. , 23 p. 1001 – 1008.
• Geels, F. Mcmeekin, A. Mylan, J. Southerton, D. (2015), A Critical Evaluation of Sustainable Consumption & Production Research; Reformist, Revolutionary, & Restructuring Positions. The Globe. Environment. Change-Hum. Policy Dimensions., 34 p. 1 – 12.
• Hadler, M. Haller, M. (2011), Global Activism & Nationally Driven Recycling; The Impact of World Community & National Contexts on Public & Private Environmental Behavior Int. Social., 26, p. 315 – 345.
• Hadler, M. Kraemer, K. (2017) Sensing Environmental Threats in a Global & European Perspective Telesiene, M. Gross (Ed.) , Green European; Environmental Behavior & Attitudes In A Historical & Cross-Cultural Comparative Perspective, Routledge, London, S . 13-30..https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324 /9781315648491-13/ perception-environmental-threats-global-european-perspective-markus-hadler-klaus-kraemer.
• Hair, J. F. Hair, Ringle C. M. ve Sarstedt M., (2011). PLS-SEM: Indeed A Sılver Bullet Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, vol. 19, no. 2 (spring 20). https://www.jstor.org/stable/23.033.534, Erişim Tarihi: 20.05.2019.
• Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2017). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). (Second Edition) Thousand Oaks: Sage.
• Harring, N. (2013), Understanding the Effects of Corruption & Political Trust on the Willingness to Make Economic Sacrifices for Environmental Protection from a Transnational PerspectiveSoc. Bilim P., 94 P. 660 – 671.
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sarsted, M. (2015). “A new criterion for assesing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling”, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, 43, 115-135. 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8.
• Henseler, J., Ringle, C., & Sinkovics, R. (2009). The use of partial least squares path modeling in international marketing. Advances in International Marketing, 20(2009), 277–320.
• IPCC. 1.5 °C Küresel Isınma. Özel Rapor, Ekim 2018, https;//www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ (2018). https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/ ( 2018), (Erişim tarihi: 20.04.2020).
• Kandemir, H., (2016). Ulusal Kültürün İş Tatminine Etkisinde, Örgüt Kültürünün Aracılık Etkisini Kısmi En Küçük Kareler Yol Analizi İle Ölçülmesi, Akademik Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, Yıl: 4, Sayı: 32, Kasım 2016, s. 310-326. Klockner, CA. A Comprehensive Model of Environmental Behavioral Psychology-A Sphere of Meta-Analysis.
• Environment. Change-Hum. Policy Dimensions. , 23 ( 2013 ), p. 1028 – 1038.
• Kollmuss, A. Agyeman, J. (2002), Mind the Gap; Why People Behave Concerned With The Environment & What Are The Barriers To Pro-Generation Behavior? Environment. Education Research. , 8 pp. 239 – 260.
• Korhonen, J. Honkasalo, A. Seppälä, J. (2018) Döngüsel ekonomi; kavram ve sınırlamaları ekol. ekon., 143, s. 37 – 46. Kotchen, M. Reiling, S. Environmental Attitudes, Motivations, & Contingent Evaluation of Untapped Values; A Case Study Containing Endangered Species, Ekol. econ. , 32 (2000), p. 93 – 107.
• Leblebici Koçer, L. Delice, T. (2016), Erciyes University, [e-mail], Kayseri-Turkey, http;//Dx.Doi.Org/10. 12739/Nwsa.2016.11.2.4c0206, The Effect of Attitudes Towards Green Advertising on Environmental Awareness; The Mediating Role of Environmental Anxiety, Ipcc, 1.5 °C Global Warming. Special
• Report, October 2018 https;//Www.İpcc.Ch/Sr15/ (2018) (Access Date; 20.04.2020). Lo, AY. (2014), Negative Income Effect on Long-Term Environmental Risk Perception, Ekol. econ., 107 p. 51 – 58.
• Mannetti, L. Pierro, A. Livi, S. ( 2004) Recycle; planned and self-expressive behavior, J. Çevre. Psikol. , 24, s. 227 – 236.
• Marquart-Pyatt, ST. (2015), Environmental Public Opinion; Testing Measurement Equivalence Between Countries Int. J.Sociol., 45 (2015), p. 309 – 326.
• Marquart-Pyatt, ST. (2008), Are There Similar Sources of Environmental Concern? Comparison of Industrialized Countries Soc. Bilim P., 89 P. 1312 – 1335.
• Marquart-Pyatt, ST. (2012), Contextual Effects on International Environmental Concerns; A Multilevel Research Soc. Science Research., 41 p. 1085 – 1099. Michael W. Slimak, Thomas Dietz Personal Values, Beliefs, & Perception of Ecological Risk, Risk Analysis, Vol. 26, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 1689-1705.
• Minton, AP. Gul, RI. (1997) Effects of Environmental Anxiety on Environmentally Friendly Consumer Behavior; An Exploratory Study, J. Bus. Res., pp. 37 – 48.
• Nauges, C. Wheeler, S. (2017), The Complex Relationship Between Households' Climate Change Concerns & Water & Energy Reduction Behaviors, Ekol. econ., 141 p. 87 – 94.
• Nawrotzki, RJ. (2012), Environmental Concern Policy; An International Analysis, Organ. Environment. , 25 p. 286 – 307.
• Nimako, S. G., Kwesi, F. B. and Owusu, E. K. (2014). The Impact of PLS-SEM Training on Faculty Staff Intention to Use PLS Software in a public university in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Economics Research. Vol. 3, No. 2, 2014, pp. 42-49.
• Nordlund, AM. Garvill, J. (2002), Value Constructs Behind Green Behavior Environment. Behave., 34 pp. 740 – 756.
• O'Connor, RE. Bard, RJ. Fisher, A. (1999), Risk Perceptions, General Environmental Beliefs, & Willingness to Address Climate Change Risk Anal. , 19 pp. 461 – 471.
• Olya, H. (2017). Partial Least Squares Based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Global Conference on Services Management, 3-7 October, Volterra, Italy.
• Oreg, S. Katz-Gerro, T. (2006), Predicting International Pro-environmental Behavior; Values, Planned Behavior Theory, & Value-Beliefs-Norm Theory Environment. Behave. , 38 pp. 462 – 483.
• Poortinga, W. Steg, L. Vlek, C. (2004), Values, Environmental Anxiety, & Environmental Behavior - A Study on Energy Use in Homes, Environment. Behave. , 36, pp. 70 – 93.
• Rees, WE. (2020), Ecological Economy for the Plague Stage of Humanity, Ekol. econ. , 169 P. 106519, 10,1016/J.Ecolecon.2019,106519.
• Roberts, JA. Bacon, DR. (1997), Exploring the Subtle Relationships Between Environmental Anxiety & Ecologically Conscious Consumer Behavior, J. Bus. Res. , 40 pp. 79 – 89.
• Sapçı, O. Considine, T. (2001), The Connection Between Environmental Attitudes & Energy Consumption Behavior, Sphere. Environment. Chang., 11, pp. 133 – 145.
• Sekaran. U. (1992). Research Methods For Business; A Skill-Building Approach. 2nd Ed. New York; John Wiley & Sons. Inc.
• Steg, L. Vlek, C. (2009), Promoting Eco-Friendly Behavior; An Integrative Review & Research Agenda J. Environment. Psycho. 29 pp. 309–317.
• Stern, PC. Dietz, T. Abel, T. Guagnano, GA. Kalof, L. A (1991), Value-Belief-Norm Theory for Supporting Social Movements; The Example of Environmentalism, Hmm. School. Rev., 81–97 (1991), https;//Www.Jstor.Org/Stable/24707060.
• Straughan, RD. Roberts, JA (1999), Environmental Segmentation Alternatives; A Look at Green Consumer Behavior in the New Millennium, J. Consumption. Sign. , 16, pp. 558–575.
• Tam, KP. Chan, HW. (2018), Generalized Trust Narrows the Gap Between Environmental Anxiety & Pro-Environmental Behavior; Multilevel Evidence, The Sphere. Environment. Chang. , 48, 182 – 194.
• Toklu, İ. T., Tuygun Toklu, A. , (2015) Zeytinyağının İçsel ve Dışsal İşaretlerine Tüketicilerin Tepkisi: Nicel Bir Araştırma, International Review of Economics and Management, Volume 3, Number 1, 2015, 61-84.
• Turaga, R. Howarth, R. Borsuk, M. (2010), ), Pro-environmental behavior; rational choicemeets moral motivation, NYAcad. Bilim, 1185 s. 211 – 224.
• Vainio, A. Paloniemi, R. (2014). The Complex Role of Attitudes Towards Science in Pro-Environmental Consumption in Sc&inavian Countries. Ekol Econ.108 P. 18 – 27.
• Vermeir, I. Verbeke, W. (2008), Sustainable Food Consumption Among Young Adults in Belgium; The Theory of Planned Behavior & the Role of Trust & Values Ekol. econ. , 64 (2008), pp. 542 – 553.
• Vermeir, I. Verbeke, W. (2006), Sustainable Food Consumption; Exploring the Consumer “Attitude-Behavioral Intention” Gap, J. Agric. Environment. Ethics, 19 pp. 169 – 194.
• Wachinger, G. Renn, O. Begg, C. Kuhlicke, C. (2012), The Risk Perception Paradox - Implications for the Management & Communication of Natural Hazards, Risk Anal. , 33 ( 6 ) p. 1049 – 1065.
• Wackernagel, M. N. Schulz, D. Deumling, A. Linares, M. Jenkins, V. Kapos, C. Monfreda, J. Loh, N. Myers, R. Norgaard, J. R&ers, (2002), Tracking the Ecological Overshoot of the Human Economy, Proc. Natl. Acad. Science USA, 99 p. 9266 – 9271.
• Wakefield, S. Elliott, S. Eyles, J. Cole, D. (2006), Taking Environmental Action; The Role of Local Composition, Context, & the Collective, Environment. Manage, 37 pp. 40–53.
• Wang, Y. (2017), Promoting Sustainable Consumption Behaviors; Impacts of Environmental Attitudes & Governance in an International Context, Environment. Behave., 49 p. 1128–1155.
• Wong, K. K. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLSSEM) techniques using SmartPLS. Marketing Bulletin, 24, Technical Note 1, 1-32.
• Zhao X., Lynch Jr., J. G., CHEN, Q., (2010). Reconsidering Baron and Kenny: Myths and Truths about Mediation Analysis, Journal Of Consumer Research, Vol. 37, p. 197-206,0.