Araştırma Makalesi
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Marka Kaçınması, Marka Nefreti ve Satın Alma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Spor Giyim Tercih Eden Tüketicilere Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 577 - 602, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.707211

Öz

Araştırma tüketicilerin marka kaçınması boyutlarının (deneyimsel, kimlik, ahlaki, eksik değer ve reklam) marka nefreti ve satın alma niyeti üzerindeki etkisinin belirlenmesi amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın evreni, Gaziantep’te spor giyim markaları satan mağazalardan alışveriş yapmış ve herhangi bir nedenle markadan kaçınan/nefret yaşayan tüketicilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın amacı kapsamında 427 tüketiciden anket formu kullanılarak veri toplanmıştır. Araştırmada hipotezlerin test edilmesi için Smart PLS 3 (Partial Least Squares) istatistik programı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada ölçülmesi amaçlanan hipotezlerin testi için bootstrapping tekniği uygulanmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre marka kaçınması boyutlarının (deneyimsel, kimlik, ahlaki, eksik değer ve reklam) marka nefretini pozitif ve anlamlı olarak etkilediği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analizler neticesinde ayrıca marka nefretinin satın alma niyetini negatif bir şekilde etkilediği de tespit edilmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • AHMED, S. & HASHIM, S. (2018). “The Moderating Effect of Brand Recovery On Brand Hate and Desire for Reconciliation: A Pls-Mga Approach”. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(3): 833-850.
  • BALIKÇIOĞLU, B. & KIYAK, M. F. (2019). “Marka Nefretinin Nedenleri ve Sonuçları Üzerine Görgül Bir Çalışma”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1): 225-243.
  • BERGER, J. A. & HEATH, C. (2007). “Where Consumers Diverge from Others: Identity Signaling and Product Domains”. Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (2): 121-134.
  • BLANCHARD, R. J., & BLANCHARD, D. C. (1968). “Escape and avoidance responses to a fear eliciting situation”. Psychonomic Science, 13: 19–20.
  • BROWN, M., POPE, N. & VOGES, K. (2003). “Buying or browsing? An exploration of shopping orientations and online purchase intention”. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12): 1666-1684.
  • BRYSON, D., ATWAL, G. & HULTÉN, P. (2013). “Towards the conceptualisation of the antecedents of extreme negative affect towards luxury brands”. Qualitative Market Research, 16(4): 393-405.
  • BUDİMAN, S. (2012). “Analysis of Consumer Attitudes to Purchase Intentions of Counterfeiting Bag Product in Indonesia”. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 1(1): 1-12.
  • CELA, S. & CAZACU, S. (2016). “The attitudes and purchase intentions towards private label products, in the context of economic crisis: A study of Thessalonian consumers”. Ecoforum, 5(Special Issue): 124-132.
  • CHARMLEY, R., GARRY, T. & BALLANTİNE, P. W. (2013). “The inauthentic other: Social comparison theory and brand avoidance within consumer sub-cultures”. Journal of Brand Management, 20(6): 458-472.
  • CHAWLA, N. & OSTAFİN, B. (2007). “Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review”. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63: 871-890.
  • CHEN, C. C., CHEN, C. W., & TUNG, Y. C. (2018). “Exploring the consumer behavior of intention to purchase green products in belt and road countries: An empirical analysis”. Sustainability, 10(3): 854-871.
  • CHERNEV, A., HAMİLTON, R. & GAL, D. (2011). “Competing for Consumer Identity: Limits to Self-Expression and the Perils of Lifestyle Branding”. Journal of Marketing, 75 (May 2011): 66-82. CHO, E. (2011). Development of a brand image scale and the impact of lovemarks on brand equity, Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Iowa State University, United States.
  • CURINA, I., FRANCIONI, B., HEGNER, S.M. & CIOPPI, M. (2020). “Brand hate and non-repurchase intention: A service context perspective in a cross-channel setting”. Journal of Retailing and consumer services, 54.
  • DACHYAR, M. & BANJARNAHOR, L. (2017). “Factors influencing purchase intention towards consumer-to-consumer e-commerce”. Intengible Capital, 13(5): 946-968.
  • DALLI, D., ROMANI, S. & GISTRI, G. (2006). “Brand Dislike: Representing the Negative Side of Consumer Preferences”. Advances in Consumer Research, 33: 87-95.
  • DE CASTRO ALMEIDA, A.S. (2018). Negative Consumer-Brand Relationships and Brand Anthropomorphism: The Case of Social Media Based Anti-Brand Communities, Master Thesis, Universidade Do Porto.
  • DELZEN, M. (2014). Identifying the motives and behaviors of brand hate, Master's Thesis, University of Twente.
  • DÜLEK, B. & CÖMERT, Y. (2019). “Tüketicilerin GSM Operatörü Markalarına Yönelik Kaçınma Davranışları”. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (ASEAD), 6(1): 34-54.
  • FETSCHERIN, M. (2019). “The five types of brand hate: How they affect consumer behavior”. Journal of Business Research, 10: 116-127.
  • FISCHER, A., HALPERIN, E., CANETTI, D., & JASINI, A. (2018). “Why We Hate”. Emotion Review, 10(4): 309 320.
  • FISHBEIN, M. & AJZEN, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Boston: Addison Wesley.
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  • HAIR, J. F., SARSTEDT, M., RINGLE, C. M., & MENA, J. A. (2012). “An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3): 414-433.
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  • HAQUE, A., ANWAR, N., YASMIN, F., SARWAR, A., IBRAHIM, Z., & MOMEN, A. (2015). “Purchase Intention of Foreign Products: A Study on Bangladeshi Consumer Perspective”. SAGE Open, 5(2): 1-12.
  • HARRINGTON, E.R. (2004). “The social psychology of hatred”. Journal of Hate Studies, 3: 49-82.
  • HEGNER, S., FETSCHERIN, M. & VAN DELZEN, M. (2017). “Determinants and outcomes of brand hate”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 26(1): 13-25.
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The Relationship between Brand Avoiding, Brand Hate and Purchase Intention: A Research for Consumers Prefering Sports Clothing

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3, 577 - 602, 30.09.2020
https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.707211

Öz

The research was carried out to determine the impact of consumers' brand avoidance dimensions (experiential, identity, moral, deficit-value and advertising) on brand hate and purchase intention. The universe of the study consists of consumers who shop for sportswear brands in Gaziantep and who have avoided / hated the brand for any reason. Within the scope of the research, data were collected from 427 consumers using a survey. In order to test the hypotheses, Smart PLS 3 (Partial Least Squares) statistics program was used in the research. Bootstrapping technique was used to test the hypotheses that were aimed to be measured in the research. According to the results of the analysis, it has been concluded that the brand avoidance dimensions (experiential, identity, moral, deficit value and advertising) positively and significantly affect brand hate. As a result of the analyzes conducted, it was also determined that brand hate had a negative effect on purchase intention.

Kaynakça

  • AHMED, S. & HASHIM, S. (2018). “The Moderating Effect of Brand Recovery On Brand Hate and Desire for Reconciliation: A Pls-Mga Approach”. International Journal of Business and Society, 19(3): 833-850.
  • BALIKÇIOĞLU, B. & KIYAK, M. F. (2019). “Marka Nefretinin Nedenleri ve Sonuçları Üzerine Görgül Bir Çalışma”. Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(1): 225-243.
  • BERGER, J. A. & HEATH, C. (2007). “Where Consumers Diverge from Others: Identity Signaling and Product Domains”. Journal of Consumer Research, 34 (2): 121-134.
  • BLANCHARD, R. J., & BLANCHARD, D. C. (1968). “Escape and avoidance responses to a fear eliciting situation”. Psychonomic Science, 13: 19–20.
  • BROWN, M., POPE, N. & VOGES, K. (2003). “Buying or browsing? An exploration of shopping orientations and online purchase intention”. European Journal of Marketing, 37(11/12): 1666-1684.
  • BRYSON, D., ATWAL, G. & HULTÉN, P. (2013). “Towards the conceptualisation of the antecedents of extreme negative affect towards luxury brands”. Qualitative Market Research, 16(4): 393-405.
  • BUDİMAN, S. (2012). “Analysis of Consumer Attitudes to Purchase Intentions of Counterfeiting Bag Product in Indonesia”. International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences, 1(1): 1-12.
  • CELA, S. & CAZACU, S. (2016). “The attitudes and purchase intentions towards private label products, in the context of economic crisis: A study of Thessalonian consumers”. Ecoforum, 5(Special Issue): 124-132.
  • CHARMLEY, R., GARRY, T. & BALLANTİNE, P. W. (2013). “The inauthentic other: Social comparison theory and brand avoidance within consumer sub-cultures”. Journal of Brand Management, 20(6): 458-472.
  • CHAWLA, N. & OSTAFİN, B. (2007). “Experiential avoidance as a functional dimensional approach to psychopathology: An empirical review”. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 63: 871-890.
  • CHEN, C. C., CHEN, C. W., & TUNG, Y. C. (2018). “Exploring the consumer behavior of intention to purchase green products in belt and road countries: An empirical analysis”. Sustainability, 10(3): 854-871.
  • CHERNEV, A., HAMİLTON, R. & GAL, D. (2011). “Competing for Consumer Identity: Limits to Self-Expression and the Perils of Lifestyle Branding”. Journal of Marketing, 75 (May 2011): 66-82. CHO, E. (2011). Development of a brand image scale and the impact of lovemarks on brand equity, Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Iowa State University, United States.
  • CURINA, I., FRANCIONI, B., HEGNER, S.M. & CIOPPI, M. (2020). “Brand hate and non-repurchase intention: A service context perspective in a cross-channel setting”. Journal of Retailing and consumer services, 54.
  • DACHYAR, M. & BANJARNAHOR, L. (2017). “Factors influencing purchase intention towards consumer-to-consumer e-commerce”. Intengible Capital, 13(5): 946-968.
  • DALLI, D., ROMANI, S. & GISTRI, G. (2006). “Brand Dislike: Representing the Negative Side of Consumer Preferences”. Advances in Consumer Research, 33: 87-95.
  • DE CASTRO ALMEIDA, A.S. (2018). Negative Consumer-Brand Relationships and Brand Anthropomorphism: The Case of Social Media Based Anti-Brand Communities, Master Thesis, Universidade Do Porto.
  • DELZEN, M. (2014). Identifying the motives and behaviors of brand hate, Master's Thesis, University of Twente.
  • DÜLEK, B. & CÖMERT, Y. (2019). “Tüketicilerin GSM Operatörü Markalarına Yönelik Kaçınma Davranışları”. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi (ASEAD), 6(1): 34-54.
  • FETSCHERIN, M. (2019). “The five types of brand hate: How they affect consumer behavior”. Journal of Business Research, 10: 116-127.
  • FISCHER, A., HALPERIN, E., CANETTI, D., & JASINI, A. (2018). “Why We Hate”. Emotion Review, 10(4): 309 320.
  • FISHBEIN, M. & AJZEN, I. (1975). Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behaviour: An Introduction to Theory and Research, Boston: Addison Wesley.
  • FORNELL, C., & LARCKER, D. F. (1981). “Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error”. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1): 39-50.
  • GRÉGOIRE, Y.,TRIPP, T. M. & LEGOUX, R. (2009). “When customer love turns into lasting hate: The effects of relationship strength and time on customer revenge and avoidance”. Journal of Marketing, 73(6): 18-32. GÜRBÜZ, S. & ŞAHİN, F. (2016). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri, (3.Baskı), Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • HAIR, J. F., RISHER, J. J., SARSTEDT, M. & RINGLE, C. M. (2019). “When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM”. European Business Review, 31(1): 2-24.
  • HAIR, J. F., SARSTEDT, M., RINGLE, C. M., & MENA, J. A. (2012). “An Assessment of the Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Marketing Research”. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 40(3): 414-433.
  • HAIR, J., F., BLACK, W., BABIN, B. & Anderson, R. E. (2010), Multivariate data analysis (7th ed.), Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: Prentice-Hall.
  • HAQUE, A., ANWAR, N., YASMIN, F., SARWAR, A., IBRAHIM, Z., & MOMEN, A. (2015). “Purchase Intention of Foreign Products: A Study on Bangladeshi Consumer Perspective”. SAGE Open, 5(2): 1-12.
  • HARRINGTON, E.R. (2004). “The social psychology of hatred”. Journal of Hate Studies, 3: 49-82.
  • HEGNER, S., FETSCHERIN, M. & VAN DELZEN, M. (2017). “Determinants and outcomes of brand hate”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 26(1): 13-25.
  • HIDAYAT, A. & DIWASASRI, A.H.A. (2013), Factors Influencing Attitudes and Intention to Purchase Counterfeit Luxury Brands among Indonesian Consumers. International Journal of Marketing Studies, 5(4): 143-151.
  • HU, L. T. & BENTLER, P. M. (1999). “Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives”. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1): 1-55.
  • HWANG, C., CHUNG, T.L. & SANDERS, E.A. (2016). “Attitudes and purchase intentions for smart clothing: examining US consumers’ functional, expressive, and aesthetic needs for solar-powered clothing”. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, 34(3): 207-222.
  • ISLAM, T., ATTIQ, S., HAMEED, Z., KHOKHAR, M. & SHEIKH, Z. (2019). “The impact of self-congruity (symbolic and functional) on the brand hate: A study based on self-congruity theory”. British Food Journal, 121(1): 71-88.
  • JAMIESON, L.F. & BASS, F.M. (1989). “Adjusting stated intention measures to predict trial purchase of products: a comparison of models and methods”. Journal of Marketing Research, 26: 336-345.
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  • KELLY, L., KERR, G. & DRENNAN, J. (2010). “Avoidance of advertising in social networking sites: The teenage perspective”. Journal of Interactive Advertising, 10(2): 16-27.
  • KIM, J. H., SONG, H. & YOUN, H. (2019). “The chain of effects from authenticity cues to purchase intention: The role of emotions and restaurant image”. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 102354.
  • KIM, J. K. & SEO, H.O. (2017). “An Exploration of Advertising Avoidance by Audiences across Media”. International Journal of Contents, 13(1): 76-85.
  • KNITTEL, Z., BEURER, K. & BERNDT, A. (2016). “Brand Avoidance Among Generation Y Consumers”. Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal, 19: 27-43.
  • KOENDERINK, P. M. (2014). Your most unhappy consumers are your greatest source of learning: the effects of avoidance type, company characteristics, and consumer characteristics on brand hate, Master's Thesis, University of Twente.
  • KREJCIE, R. V. & MORGAN, D. W. (1970). “Determining sample size for research activities”. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3): 607-610.
  • KUCUK, S. (2018). “Macro-level antecedents of consumer brand hate”. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 35(5): 555-564.
  • KYTO, E., VIRTANEN, M. & MUSTONEN, S. (2019). “From intention to action: Predicting purchase behavior with consumers’ product expectations and perceptions, and their individual properties”. Food Quality and Preference, 75: 1-9.
  • LANCELLOTTI, M.P. & THOMAS, S. (2018). “Men hate it, women love it: Guilty pleasure advertising messages”. Journal of Business Research, 85: 271-280.
  • LEE, J.S., PAN, S. & TSAI, H. (2013). “Examining perceived betrayal, desire for revenge and avoidance, and the moderating effect of relational benefits”. International Journal of Hospitality, 32: 80-90.
  • LEE, M. S. W., CONROY, D. & MOTION, J. (2009b). “Brand Avoidance: A Negative Promises Perspective”. Advances in Consumer Research, 36: 421-429.
  • LEE, M. S. W., CONROY, D. & MOTION, J. (2012). “Brand avoidance, genetic modification, and brandlessness”. Australasian Marketing Journal, 20: 297-302.
  • LEE, M. S. W., MOTION, J. & CONROY, D. (2008). “Anti-consumption and brand avoidance”. Journal of Business Research (Special Issue on Anti-consumption), 12.
  • LEE, M. S. W., MOTION, J. & CONROY, D. (2009a). “Anti-consumption and brand avoidance”. Journal of Business Research, 62(2009): 169-180.
  • LEE, M., ROUX, D., CHERRIER, H., & COVA, B. (2011). “Anti-consumption and consumer resistance: concepts, concerns, conflicts and convergence”. European Journal of Marketing, 45(11/12): 1680-1687.
  • LIN, L. (2018). Chinese Consumers’ Brand Avoidance: A Study of the Sportswear Market, Master Thesis, North Carolina State University.
  • LUOMA-AHO, V. (2010). Love, hate and surviving stakeholder emotions. A paper presented at the international Public Relations Research Conference, Miami, Florida, March 11th-14th.Available on https://instituteforpr.org/wp-content/uploads/Love_Hate.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2019.
  • MCCLURE, C. & SEOCK, Y. K. (2020). “The role of involvement: Investigating the effect of brand's social media pages on consumer purchase intention”. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53, March 2020, 101975.
  • MIRABI, V., AKBARIYEH, H. & TAHMASEBIFARD, H. (2105). “A Study of Factors Affecting on Customers Purchase Intention”. Journal of Multidisciplinary Engineering Science and Technology, 2(1): 267-273.
  • MONAHAN, L., ESPINOSA, J. A., & ORTINAU, D. J. (2017). Hate Does Not Have to Hurt: The Influence of Hate-Acknowledging Advertising on Positive Word of Mouth. In Creating Marketing Magic and Innovative Future Marketing Trends (pp. 477-481). Springer, Cham.
  • MORWITZ, V. (2014). “Consumers' purchase intentions and their behavior”. Foundations and Trends in Marketing, 7(3): 181-230.
  • NAVARRO, J. I., MARCHENA, E. & MENACHO, I. (2013). “The Psychology of Hatred”. The Open Criminology Journal, 6: 10-17.
  • NEPOMUCENO, M. V., ROHANI, M., & GRÉGOIRE, Y. (2017). Consumer resistance: From anti-consumption to revenge. In Consumer Perception of Product Risks and Benefits (pp. 345-364). Springer, Cham.
  • ODOOM, R., KOSIBA, J., DJAMGBAH, C. & NARH, L. (2019). “Brand avoidance: underlying protocols and a practical scale”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 28(5): 586-597.
  • OGILVIE, D. M. (1987). “The undesired self: A neglected variable in personality research”. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 52(2): 379-385.
  • OLIVA, T. A., OLIVER, RL, & MACMILLAN, I. C. (1992). “A Catastrophe Model for developing service satisfaction strategies”. Journal of Marketing, 56(3): 83-95.
  • OLIVER, R. L. (1997). Loyalty and profit: long-term effects of satisfaction. Satisfaction: A behavioural perspective on the consumer, McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York, NY.
  • PINARBASI, F., & ENGINKAYA, E., (2019). “Consumer negativity towards brands: brand hate or brand switch?”. Press Academia Procedia (PAP), 9: 78-80.
  • RINDELL, A., STRANDVIK, T. & WILEN, K. (2013). “Ethical consumers’ brand avoidance”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 22(7): 484-490.
  • RINDELL, A., STRANDVIK, T. & WILÉN, K. (2014). “Ethical consumers’ brand avoidance”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 23(2): 114-120.
  • ROMANI, S., GRAPPI, S., & DALLI, D. (2007). Measuring negative emotions to brands. Presented at the Actes de la 3e German French Austrian Conference on Quantitative Marketing, Paris.
  • ROPER, S. & PARKER, C. (2013). “Doing well by doing good: A quantitative investigation of the litter effect”. Journal of Business Research, 66: 2262-2268.
  • RUSWANTI, E., HERLAMBANG, B. & JANUARKO, M.U. (2016). “The effect of brand, design, and price on intention to purchase mediated by quality perception at sport shoes X”. Journal of Economics, Business and Accountancy Ventura, 19(2): 249-258.
  • SAĞLAM, M. (2014). Müşteri temelli marka denkliği unsurlarının tüketici satın alma niyeti üzerine etkisi: GSM sektöründe bir uygulama, Yayınlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi, İstanbul.
  • SAKULSINLAPAKORN, K. & ZHANG, J. (2019). “When Love-Becomes-Hate Effect Happens: An Empırıcal Study Of The Impact Of Brand Faılure Severıty Upon Consumers’ Negatıve Responses”. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 23(1): 1-22.
  • SHAH, H., AZIZ, A., JAFFARI, A. R., WARIS, S., EJAZ, W., FATIMA, M. & SHERAZI., K. (2012). “The Impact of Brands on Consumer Purchase Intentions”. Asian Journal of Business Management, 4(2): 105-110.
  • SPEARS, N. & SINGH, S.N. (2004). Measuring Attitude Toward the Brand and Purchase Intentions. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 26(2): 53-66.
  • SUDBURY-RILEY, L. & KOHLBACHER, F. (2018). “Moral avoidance for people and planet: anti-consumption drivers”. Management Decision, 56(3): 677-691.
  • VAHDATI, H. & NEJAD, S. H. M. (2016). “Brand personalİty toward customer purchase intention: the intermediate role of electronic word-of-mouth and brand equity”. Asian Academy of Management Journal, 21(2): 1-26.
  • WANG, J. & WU, L. (2016). “The impact of emotions on the intention of sustainable consumption choices: evidence from a big city in an emerging country”. Journal of Cleaner Production, 126: 325-336.
  • WEE, C.S., ISMAIL, K. & ISHAK, N. (2014). “Consumers perception, purchase intention and actual purchase behavior of organic food products”. Review of integrative business & economics research, 3(2): 378-397.
  • YANG, M., AL-SHAABAN, S. & NGUYEN, T. B. (2014). Consumer attitude and purchase intention towards organic food: A quantitative study of China, Masters Thesis. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:723474/FULLTEXT01.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2020.
  • YANG, Z. & HE, L. (2011). “Goal, customer experience and purchase intention in a retail context in China”. African Journal in Business Management, 5(16): 6738-6746.
  • YAŞLIOĞLU, M. M. (2017). “Sosyal bilimlerde faktör analizi ve geçerlilik: Keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizlerinin kullanılması”. İstanbul Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 46: 74-85.
  • YOUNUS, S., RASHEED, F. & ZIA, A. (2015). “Identifying the Factors Affecting Customer Purchase Intention”. Global Journal of Management and Business Research: A Administration and Management, 15(2): 8-14.
  • ZARANTONELLO, L., ROMANI, S. GRAPPI, S. & BAGOZZI, R.P. (2016). “Brand hate”. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 25(1): 11-25.
  • ZEITHAML, V. A. (1988). “Consumer perceptions of price, quality, and value: A means-end model and synthesis of evidence”. Journal of Marketing, 52: 2-22.
Toplam 86 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Bülent Demirağ 0000-0002-8718-1822

Sinan Çavuşoğlu 0000-0001-9365-8677

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Eylül 2020
Kabul Tarihi 12 Eylül 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 4 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Demirağ, B., & Çavuşoğlu, S. (2020). Marka Kaçınması, Marka Nefreti ve Satın Alma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Spor Giyim Tercih Eden Tüketicilere Yönelik Bir Araştırma. Alanya Akademik Bakış, 4(3), 577-602. https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.707211