GMM ve TODIM Yöntemlerinin Makroekonomik Değerlendirmelere Entegre Edilmesi: G20 Ülkeleri Üzerine Bir Analiz

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 1, 175 - 194, 30.01.2025

Zekiye Örtlek , Abdullah Kılıçarslan

https://doi.org/10.29023/alanyaakademik.1527824

Öz

Bu çalışmada, temiz teknolojilerin ekonomik etkileri iki farklı açıdan incelenmektedir. Sistem GMM analizi, temiz teknolojinin GSYH üzerindeki doğrudan etkisini ölçerken, TODIM analizi daha geniş bir makroekonomik performans değerlendirmesi sunmaktadır. Bu ikili yaklaşım, konuyu hem spesifik (GSYH odaklı) hem de genel (makroekonomik performans) açıdan ele alarak, temiz teknolojilerin ekonomik etkilerini kapsamlı bir şekilde değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Temiz teknolojilerin yaygınlaşması, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına yapılan yatırımların artması, yüksek teknolojili ürünlerin ihracı ve ticari açıklığın artması ekonomik büyüme bağlamında GSYH’nin artışına katkı sağlamaktadır. Nüfus yoğunluğu ve sanayi katma değeri ise büyümenin verimliliğinde etkin rol oynayan kritik faktörler arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışmanın bulguları, temiz teknolojilerin kullanımının yaygınlaştırılmasıyla fosil yakıt tüketiminin azaldığını ve enerji maliyetlerinin minimize edildiğini göstermektedir. Daha düşük enerji maliyetleri ile üretim maliyetlerinin azalması, ekonomik verimliliğin artmasına ve dolayısıyla GSYH'nin genel durumu ve büyüme potansiyelinin iyileşmesine katkı sağlamaktadır. Sistem Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM) kullanılarak yapılan analizler neticesinde, temiz teknolojilerin GSYH üzerinde anlamlı ve önemli etkileri olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, Çok Kriterli Karar Verme (ÇKKV) yöntemlerinden Normalize Edilmiş Maksimum Değerler (NMD) tabanlı TODIM yöntemi kullanılarak yapılan değerlendirmeler, temiz teknolojilerin ekonomik performans üzerindeki olumlu etkilerini desteklemektedir. Bu sonuçlar, temiz teknolojilerin ekonomik büyüme ile arasındaki dengeyi sağlama potansiyeline işaret etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Temiz Teknolojiler, Ekonomik Büyüme, GMM-TODIM Analizi

Integrating GMM and TODIM Methods into Macroeconomic Assessments: An Analysis on G20 Countries

Öz

In this study, the economic impacts of clean technologies are examined from two different perspectives. While System GMM analysis measures the direct impact of clean technology on GDP, TODIM analysis provides a broader macroeconomic performance assessment. This dual approach aims to comprehensively assess the economic impacts of clean technologies by addressing the issue from both specific (GDP-oriented) and general (macroeconomic performance) perspectives. The diffusion of clean technologies, increased investments in renewable energy sources, exports of high-tech products and increased trade openness contribute to the increase in GDP in the context of economic growth. Population density and industrial value added are among the critical factors that play an effective role in the efficiency of growth. The findings of the study show that the widespread use of clean technologies reduces fossil fuel consumption and minimizes energy costs. Lower energy costs and reduced production costs contribute to increased economic efficiency, which in turn improves the overall GDP situation and growth potential. The system analysis using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) reveals that clean technologies have significant and important effects on GDP. Moreover, evaluations using the Normalized Maximum Values (NMV) based TODIM method, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) method, support the positive effects of clean technologies on economic performance. These results point to the potential of clean technologies to balance economic growth.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Clean Technologies, Economic Growth, GMM-TODIM Analysis

Kaynakça

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