New Generation Parenting Attitude: Helicopter Parenting

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 5 Sayı: 1, 45 - 56, 21.05.2024

Meltem Türker Ferhat Bahçeci

https://doi.org/10.59320/alanyazin.1452153

Öz

The technological, political, cultural, and economic changes occurring in our era bring about transformations in various fields. One of these areas is parental attitudes. Parenting attitudes play a crucial role in raising a healthy individual. The personality of every adult is shaped during childhood. In this regard, the first individuals children look up to in forming the building blocks of their personalities are their parents. The behaviors exhibited by parents towards their children eventually become behavioral patterns, directly influencing how children perceive themselves, events, life, and various situations from a young age.
‘Helicopter Parenting’ defines parents who excessively involve themselves in the lives of their children. Considering the impact of parental attitudes on self-concept and personality in general, this study aims to shed light on the concept of helicopter parenting, emphasizing its importance in the agenda due to its relatively new discussion in our country. The purpose of this research is to provide clarity to the relatively new concept in the literature, helicopter parenting, and contribute to the existing literature. Conducted in the form of a literature review, this research explores what helicopter parenting entails, examines common and distinct aspects of helicopter parenting compared to other parenting attitudes, and scrutinizes behaviors that can be categorized under helicopter parenting. The research concludes by noting the limited attention given to this topic in the field of education. Consequently, it is believed that this study will contribute to the field of education, educators, and students.

Anahtar Kelimeler

parental attitude, parenting attitude, helicopter parenting, overprotective, child

Yeni Nesil Ebeveyn Tutumu: Helikopter Ana- Babalık

Öz

Çağımızda yaşanan teknolojik, siyasi, kültürel, ekonomik değişmeler pek çok alanda değişimi de beraberinden getirmektedir. Bu alanlardan bir tanesi de anne baba tutumlarıdır. Ebeveynlik tutumları sağlıklı bir birey yetiştirme noktasında büyük önem arz etmektedir. Her yetişkinin kişiliği çocukluk çağında şekillenmektedir. Bu açıdan bakıldığında çocukların kişiliklerinin yapıtaşlarını oluşturma noktasında örnek aldıkları ilk kişiler anne ve babaları olmaktadır. Anne babaların çocuklarına sergiledikleri davranışlar bir süre sonra davranış örüntüsüne dönüşmekte ve çocukların bulundukları yaştan itibaren kendilerine, olaylara, hayata vb. durumlara bakışını doğrudan etkilemektedir.
‘Helikopter Ana-babalık’ çocuklarının yaşamlarına aşırı derecede dahil olan ebeveynleri tanımlar. Bu ebeveynler yakınlarda uçan ve ilk sorun belirtisinde yardım etmek için aşağıya inen ebeveynleri tarif eder. Ebeveyn tutumlarının benlik kavramı ve genel manada kişilik üzerindeki etkileri dikkate alındığında helikopter ana-babalık kavramının üzerinde durulmasının ve ülkemizde yeni yeni tartışılıyor olmasından ötürü gündemde tutulmasının önemli olduğu inancıyla böyle bir çalışma yapılmıştır. Bu araştırmanın amacı literatürde yeni bir kavram olan helikopter ana-babalık kavramına açıklık getirmek ve literatüre katkı sunmaktır. Araştırma yöntemi olarak literatür tarama şeklinde yürütülen bu çalışmada helikopter ana-babalığın ne olduğuna değinilmiş, helikopter ana-babalığın diğer ebeveyn tutumlarıyla ortak ve farklı yönleri ele alınmış, helikopter ana-babalık kategorisi altında değerlendirilebilecek davranışlar incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonunda eğitim alanında bu konuya fazla değinilmediği gözlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda yapılan çalışmanın eğitim alanına, eğitim çalışanlarına ve öğrencilere katkıda bulunacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

anne baba tutumu, ebeveyn tutumu, helikopter ebeveyn, aşırı korumacı, çocuk.

Kaynakça

• Agar, D., (2019). The thin line between conscious parenting and helicopter parenting. Clinical Psychologist Deniz Agar. https://www.denizagar.com/en/thin-line-between-conscious-parenting-and-helicopter-parenting/
• Ankarali, F. & Savaş, G. (2021). Evaluation of helicopter parenting attitudes from the perspective of teachers in the context of violence in preschool children. Sociology Journal, 41-42, 117-143. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/sosder/issue/65879/1028479 .
• Arnett, J. J. (2014). Presidential address: the emergence of emerging adulthood: a personal history. Emerging
• Adulthood, 2(3), 155-162. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696814541096 .
• Avcı, S. Ç. and Şatır, D. G. (2020). A new concept: helicopter parenting. Ordu University Journal of Nursing Studies, 3(2), 163-168. https://doi.org/10.38108/ouhcd.738884 .
• Aydın, B. (2022). Perfectionism and self-compassion in emerging adulthood: The predictive role of perceived parental attitudes [Master's thesis, Istanbul Gedik University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
• Aydogdu, F. & Dilekmen, M. (2016). Evaluation of parental attitudes in terms of various variables. Bayburt Education Faculty Journal, 11(2), 569-585. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/befdergi/issue/28762/307860 .
• Ballash, N. G., Pemble, M. K., Usui, W. M., Buckley, A. F., & Woodruff-Borden, J. (2006). Family functioning, perceived control, and anxiety: A mediational model. Anxiety Disorders, 20, 486–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2005.05.002.
• Barnes, G. (2009). Guess who's coming to work: generation Y. are you ready for them?. Public Library Quarterly, 28(1), 58-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/01616840802675457 .
• Battles, M., (2017). Why parents nowadays are prone to be helicopter parents. Lifehack. URL https://www.lifehack.org/615506/why-do-parents-become-helicopter-parents.
• Bayer, J. K., Sanson, A. V., & Hemphill, S. A. (2006). Parent influences on early childhood internalizing difficulties. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 27(6), 542–559. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2006.08.002 .
• Benton, F., (2019). Life variables of college students who report helicopter parenting. Senior Honors Projects, 2010–2019. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/650/.
• Bradley-Geist J. and Olson-Buchanan J. (2014) Helicopter parents: An examination of the correlates of over-parenting of college students, Education Training, 56(4), 314-328. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-10-2012-0096 .
• Bristow, J., (2014). The double bind of parenting culture: helicopter parents and cotton wool kids, in: Lee, E., Bristow, J., Faircloth, C., Macvarish, J. (Eds.), Parenting Culture Studies. Palgrave Macmillan UK, pp. 200–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-44156-1_10 .
• Clarke, K. and Cooper, P., Creswell, C., (2013). The parental overprotection scale: Associations with child and parental anxiety. J Affect Disord 151, 618–624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.007 .
• Cline, F. and Fay, J., (1990). Parenting with love and logic: Teaching children responsibility. Pinon Press, Colorado Springs, CO. https://books.google.com.tr/
• Coates, D., (2015). Why helicopter parenting? Some answers... Dr. Denny Coates. https://drdennycoates.com/why-helicopter-parenting-some-answers/.
• Coşkun, B. and Katıtaş, S., (2021). Losing the balance: A review on helicopter parenting and its relationship with educational variables. Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli University Journal of ISS 11(3), 1053–1069. https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.914927 .
• Çınar, N. (2019). Systematic Compilation. https://sagbil.sakarya.edu.tr/sites/sagbil.sakarya.edu.tr/file/Prof.Dr. _Nursan_cinar - _Sistematik_derleme_.pdf.
• Demir, A., (2020). The relationship between excessive parenting, overindulgent decision-making tendencies, and career indecision: The case of Sinop. Eurasian International Research Journal 8, 1–14.
• Demir, E. K., & Şendil, G. (2008). Parental attitude scale (PAS). Turkish Psychological Articles, 11(21), 15-25. https://search.trdizin.gov.tr/tr .
• Dermott, E., & Pomati, M. (2016). ‘Good’ parenting practices: How important are poverty, education, and time pressure? Sociology, 50, 125–142. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038038514560260 .
• Dorrance Hall, E. (2017). Why do people helicopter parent?, Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/conscious-communication/201709/why-dopeople-helicopter-parent .
• Dursun, C. (2021). Helicopter parenting and the new generation of children. Full Text Proceedings Book of the Symposium on Arts and Social Sciences, pp. 369–388.
• Dyck, A. L. V. (2015). What Propels helicopter parents? Parents’ motivation for over-involvement in their children’s [Master’s Thesis, University of Saskatchewan]. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2015-10-2221.
• Fingerman, K. L., Cheng, Y.-P., Wesselmann, E. D., Zarit, S., Furstenberg, F., Birditt, K. S. (2012). Helicopter parents and landing pad kids: Intense parental support of grown children. Journal of Marriage and Family, 74, 880–896. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2012.00987.x
• Fischer, J., Forthun, L., Pidcock, B., & Dowd, D. (2007). Parent relationships, emotion regulation, psychosocial maturity and college student alcohol use problems. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 36(7), 912–926. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-006-9126-6.
• Ganaprakasam, C., Davaidass, K. S., & Muniandy, S. C. (2018). Helicopter parenting and psychological consequences among adolescents. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 8, 378-382. http://dx.doi.org/10.29322/IJSRP.8.6.2018.p7849 .
• Gençdoğan, B., & Gülbahçe, A. (2021). Psychological well-being and life satisfaction as predictors of perceived helicopter parenting attitude. National Education Special Education and Guidance Journal, 1, 66-98.
• Ginott, H. G. (1969). Between parent and teenager. Avon Books. https://books.google.com.tr/ .
• Glass, G., & Tabatsky, D. (2014). The overparenting epidemic: Why helicopter parenting is bad for your kids... and dangerous for you, too! Skyhorse Publishing. https://books.google.com.tr/ .
• Gough, D., Oliver, S. & Thomas, J. (2012). Introducing Systematic Reviews. In D. Gough, S. Oliver and J. Thomas (Eds.), An Introduction to Systematic Reviews (pp. 1-15),SAGE. http://digital.casalini.it/ 9781473968219 - Casalini id: 5019303
• Gui, T., & Koropeckyj-Cox, T. (2016). “I am the only child of my parents:” Perspectives on future elder care for parents among Chinese only-children living overseas. J Cross Cult Gerontol, 31, 255–275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-016-9295-z .
• Güçlü, C. H., & Çok, F. (2021). Helicopter parenting and its developmental effects on youth. Journal of Child and Development, 4(7), 134-150. https://doi.org/10.36731/cg.819709 .
• Gül, P. (2021). The effect of parental attitudes on anger control levels of children and adolescents [Master's thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
• Gür, B. S., & Kurt, T. (2011). Education needs of families in Turkey. Journal of Social Policy Studies, 27(27), 33-62. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/spcd/issue/21121/227502 .
• Hancock, K. J., Lawrance, D., & Zubrick, S. R. (2014). Higher maternal protectiveness is associated with higher odds of child overweight and obesity: A longitudinal Australian study. Plos One, 9(6), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0100686.
• Hesse, C., Mikkelson, A. C., & Saracco, S. (2018). Parent–child affection and helicopter parenting: Exploring the concept of excessive affection. Western Journal of Communication, 82, 457–474.
• Higuera, V. (2019). Helicopter parenting: What it is and pros and cons. https://www.healthline.com/health/parenting/helicopter-parenting.
• Hong, J.-C., Hwang, M.-Y., Kuo, Y.-C., & Hsu, W.-Y. (2015). Parental monitoring and helicopter parenting relevant to vocational student’s procrastination and self-regulated learning. Learning and Individual Differences, 42, 139-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2015.08.003.
• Hunt, J. (2008). Make room for daddy and mommy: Helicopter parents are here. The Journal of Academic Administration in Higher Education, 4(1), 9-11. https://www.jwpress.com/Journals/JAAHE/BackIssues/JAAHE-Spring-2008.pdf#page=17
• Hwang, W., & Jung, E. (2021). Helicopter parenting versus autonomy-supportive parenting? A latent class analysis of parenting among emerging adults and their psychological and relational well-being. Emerging Adulthood. https://doi.org/10.1177/21676968211000498
• Ingen, D. J., Freiheit, S. R., Steinfeldt, J. A., Moore, L. L., Wimer, D. J., Knutt, A. D., Samantha, S., & Roberts, A. (2015). Helicopter parenting: The effect of an overbearing caregiving style on peer attachment and self-efficacy. Journal of College Counseling, 18, 7-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161- 1882.2015.00065.x.
• Jung, E., Hwang, W., Kim, S., Sin, H., Zhang, Y., & Zhao, Z. (2019). Relationships among helicopter parenting, self-efficacy, and academic outcome in American and South Korean college students. Journal of Family Issues, 40(18), 2849–2870. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X19865297 .
• Kelly, L., Duran, R. L., & Miller-Ott, A. E. (2017). Helicopter parenting and cell-phone contact between parents and children in college. Southern Communication Journal, 82(2), 102-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2017.1310286 .
• Kouros, C. D., Pruitt, M. M., Ekas, N. V., Kiriaki, R., Sunderland, M., (2017). Helicopter parenting, autonomy support, and college students’ mental health and well-being: The moderating role of sex and ethnicity. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 939–949. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0614-3.
• Kwon, K.-A., Yoo, G., & Bingham, G. E. (2016). Helicopter parenting in emerging adulthood: Support or barrier for Korean college students’ psychological adjustment? Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 136–145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0195-6
• Kwon, K. A., Yoo, G., & De Gagne, J. C. (2017). Does culture matter? A qualitative inquiry of helicopter parenting in Korean American college students. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(7), 1979–1990. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0694-8.
• Kins, E., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2012). Parental psychological control and dysfunctional separation–individuation: A tale of two different dynamics. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 1099-1109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.017.
• Köksal, S. (2022). Predictive effect of perceived parental attitudes on borderline personality trait and adult attachment styles [Master's thesis, Istanbul Kent University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
• LeMoyne, T., & Buchanan, T. (2011). Does “hovering” matter? Helicopter parenting and its effect on well-being. Sociological Spectrum, 31(4), 399-418. https://doi.org/10.1080/02732173.2011.574038.
• Locke, J. (2014). Thoughts on education. Morpa Culture Publications.
• Milita K., & Bunch, J. (2017). Helicopter parenting and the policy attitudes of college students. American Political Science Association, 50(2), 359-365. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049096516002808.
• Odenweller, K. G., Booth-Butterfield, M., & Weber, K. (2014). Investigating helicopter parenting, family environments, and relational outcomes for millennials. Communication Studies, 65(4), 407-425. ttps://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2013.811434
• Okant Yaşin, Ç. (2018). A sociological analysis of Generation Y with helicopter parents on job and life satisfaction. [Master's thesis, Hacettepe University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/
• Öztürk, E. (2021). From dysfunctional family models to functional family model: ''Natural and guiding parenting style''. Öztürk E., editor. Family Psychopathology. 1st Edition. p.1-39.
• Padilla-Walker, L. M., & Nelson, L. J. (2012). Black hawk down? Establishing helicopter parenting as a distinct construct from other forms of parental control during emerging adulthood. Journal of Adolescence, 35(5), 1177-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.03.007
• Pautler, L. R. (2017). Helicopter parenting of college students [Master’s Thesis, Eastern Illinois University].
• Rathor, S. (2017). Literature review: Ramification of helicopter parenting on adolescents and emerging adults. Leeds Beckett University.
• Reed, K., Duncan, J. M., Lucier-Greer, M., Fixelle, C., & Ferraro, A. J. (2016). Helicopter parenting and emerging adult self-efficacy: Implications for mental and physical health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25(10), 3136–3149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-016-0466-x
• Rousseau, S., & Scharf, M. (2017). Why people helicopter parent? An actor–partner interdependence study of maternal and paternal prevention/promotion focus and interpersonal/self-regret. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 35(7), 919–935. https://doi.org/10.1177/0265407517700514
• Schiffrin, H. H., Liss, M., Miles-McLean, H., Geary, K. A., Erchull, M. J., & Tashner, T. (2014). Helping or hovering? The effects of helicopter parenting on college students’ well-being. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 23(3), 548–557. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-013-9716-3.
• Schiffrin, H. H., & Liss, M. (2017). The effects of helicopter parenting on academic motivation. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 1472–1480. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0658-z.
• Schiffrin, H. H., Yost, J. C., Power, V. S., Saldanha, R. E., & Sendrick, E. (2019). Examining the relationship between helicopter parenting and emerging adults’ mindsets using the consolidated helicopter parenting scale. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 1207-1219. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02012-3.
• Segrin, C., Woszidlo, A., Givertz, M., Bauer, A., Murphy, M. T. (2012). The Association between overparenting, parent-child communication, and entitlement and adaptive traits in adult children. Family Relations, 61, 237–252. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3729.2011.00689.x
• Sharma, G., & Pandey, N. (2015). Parenting styles and its effect on self-esteem of adolescents. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 3(1), 28-39. https://www.researchgate.net/
• Shoup, R., Gonyea, R. M., & Kuh, G. D. (2009). When parents hover: Student engagement and helicopter parents. 49th Annual Forum of the Association for Institutional Research. Atlanta. https://scholarworks.iu.edu/
• Siddaway, A. P., Wood, a.m. & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and MetaSyntheses.
• Annual Review of Psychology, (70), 747-770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803
• Spokas, M., & Heimberg, R. G. (2009). Overprotective parenting, social anxiety, and external locus of control: Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 33(6), 543–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-008-9227-5.
• Suvan, D. (2022). Examination of the relationship between university students' perceived parental attitudes and their ability to express their emotions [Master's thesis, Istanbul Gelisim University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
• Talmon, G. A. (2019). Generation Z: What’s next? Med.Sci.Educ., 29, 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-019-00796-0
• Tepebaş, B. (2022). Examination of the relationship between perceived helicopter parenting attitudes, self-sabotage, academic self-efficacy, and academic dishonesty tendency in university students. [Master's Thesis, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
• Uç, H., & Parıltı, N. (2017). Consumers' attitudes toward television series broadcasted on Turkish television according to demographic characteristics. 2nd International Congress on Politic, Economic and Social Studies (ICPESS), pp. 204-220.
• Uysal, S. L. (2020). The effect of helicopter parents' children's self-perception situations on their anxiety levels (Thesis No. 654223) [Master's Thesis, Istanbul Aydin University]. https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/.
• Uysal, İ., & Kösemen, S. (2013). Examination of prospective teachers' general self-efficacy beliefs. Journal of Education and Training Research, 2(2), 217-226.
• Willoughby, B. J., Hersh, J. N., Padilla-Walker, L. M., Nelson, L. J. (2015). “Back off”! Helicopter parenting and a retreat from marriage among emerging adults. Journal of Family Issues, 36, 669–692. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X13495854.
• Xiong, R., Spaccarotella, K., Quick, V., Byrd-Bredbenner, C. (2019). Generational differences: A comparison of weight-related cognitions and behaviors of generation X and millennial mothers of preschool children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16, 2431. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132431
• Yaşin, Ç. O., & Demir, N. (2020). Problems of Generation Y with helicopter parents in Turkey: Problems of belonging, life skill, and self-confidence. Dokuz Eylül University Journal of Faculty of Letters, 7, 450–470. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr
• Yılmaz, B. (2022). The effect of parental attitudes on preschool children's social and moral rule knowledge and emotion regulation skills [Master's thesis, Kırklareli University].
• Yılmaz, H. (2019). Good parenting is not always doing everything for the child: Development of the Perceived Helicopter Parenting Attitude Scale (PHAS). Journal of Early Childhood Studies, 3, 3–31. https://doi.org/10.14527/pegegog.2020.018
• Yılmaz, H., & Büyükcebeci, A. (2019). Consequences of helicopter parenting in terms of some positive psychology concepts. Turkish Psychological Counseling and Guidance Journal, 9(54), 707–744. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr