Robotlu Sağım Sistemleri

Öz

Fiziksel ve biyolojik özelliklere sahip olan sağım, düzenli bir işletme fonksiyonudur. Günümüz itibariyle, teknolojik gelişmelerin de katkısıyla süt sığırcılığı işletmelerinde sağım işlemi insan müdahalesi olmaksızın yapılabilmektedir. Sağımda süt verimini arttırmak için üreticilerin iyi bir sağım teknolojisine sahip olmaları ve sağım sistemlerini etkin bir şekilde kullanmaları gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada robotlu sağım sistemi ekipmanları, çalışma prensipleri, robotlu sağımın işgücü kullanımı, süt üretimi ve süt kalitesi bakımından önemi ele alınmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Sağım robotu, Süt üretimi, Sağım sistemleri

Kaynakça

1. Akman, N., S. Tuncel, S. M. Yener, S. Kumlu, K. Özkütük, N. Tüzemen,M. Yanar, M. Koç, O. Şahin ve Ç. Y. Kaya. 2005. Türkiye’de Sığır Yetiştiriciliği. Türkiye Ziraat Mühendisliği VI. Tek- nik Kongre. 687-706. 3-7 Ocak 2005, TMMOB, Ziraat Mühendisleri Odası, Ankara.
2. Alıç, D., Yener, S.M., 2006. Süt Sığırcılığı İşletmelerinde Robotlu Sağım Sistemi. Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi 12 (4):369-380. Anonymous. 2005. Device Profile: DeLaval Voluntary Milking System 2005. http://www.linuxdevices. com/article. J. http://www.milkproduction.com/article the Change to a Robotic Milking System.
3. Bilgen, H., 1991. Sağım Makinası ve Mastitis. E.Ü.Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları 28(1).
4. De Koning, K., Ouweltjes, W., 2000. Maximising the Milking Capacity of an Automatic Milking System. International Symposium Robotic Milking 2000. http://www.automaticmilking.nl
5. De Koning, K., Vorst, V., Meijering, A., 2001. Automatic Milking Experience and Development in Europe. http://www.milkproduction.com
6. De Koning, K., Vestappen-Boerekamp, J., Schuiling, E., 2002. Milk Cooling Systems for Automatic Milking. Proc. First North American Conference on Robotic Milking, pp: 25-V35. March 20-21, 2001, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
7. Dick, G. 2002. Free Access Robotic Milking: Proceeding of the British Mastitis Conference (2002) Brockworth. P: 63-67. Institute for Animal Health/Milk Development Council.
8. Erdman, R.A., Varner, M., 1995. Fixed Yield Responses to Increased Milking Frequency. Journal of Dairy Science 78:1199-1203.

9. Gearin, M. 2001. Robot Revolution for Dairy Industry.First Published: 21/01/2001, Australia’s National Rural Affairs Weekly, Landline.
10. Graves, R. E. 2002. A Primer on Robotic Milking Systems. College of Agricultural Sciences, G105.
11. Halachmi, I., Adan I.J.B.F., Van Der Wal, J., Heesterbeek, J.A.P., Van Beek, P., 2000. The Design of Robotic Dairy Barns Using Closed Queueing Networks. Eur J Op Res., 124:437-446.
12. Halachmi, I., Adan I.J.B.F., Van Der Wal, J., Van Beek, P., Heesterbeek, J.A.P., 2003. Designing the Optimal Robotic Milking Barn by Applying a Queuing Network Approach. Agric Sys., 76: 681-696.
13. Halachmi, I. 2004. Designing the Automatic Milking Farm in a Hot Climate. J. Dairy. Sci. 87:764- 775.
14. Helgren, J.M., Reinemann, D. J. 2003. Survey of Milk Ouality on United States Dairy Farms Utilizing Automatic Milking Systems. ASAE Annual International Meeting Technical Paper. No. 033016. 27-30 July 2003, Nevada. USA.
15. Hogeveen, H., Ouweltjes, W., De Koning, C. J. A. M., Stelwagen, K., 2000. Relationships Between Milk Interval, Milk Yield and Machine-on Time. 51Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production. st
16. Hopster, H., Bruckmaier, R. M., Van Der Werf, J. T. N., Korte, S. M., Macuhova, J., Korte-Bouws, G., Van Reenen, C. G., 2002. Stres Responses During Milking; Comparing Conventional and Automatic Milking in Primiparous Dairy Cows. J. Dairy Sci. 85: 3206-3216.
17. Ipema, A.H., Schuiling, E., 1992. Free Fatty Acids, Influence of Milking Frequency. p 491-496 in Prospects for Automatic Milking. EAAP Publication no. 65.
18. Klei, L.R., Lynch, J. M., Barbano, D. M., Oltenacu, P. A., Lednor, A. J., Bandler, D. K., 1997. Influence of Milking Three Times a Day on Milk Quality. Journal of Dairy Science 80:427- 436.
19. Klindworth, D. 2003. Automatic Milking Installations. Cowtime Project, National Milk Harvesting Centre. Cowtime Ouick Note, 5.8, January 2003. http://www.cowtime.com.au
20. Knappstein, K., Roth, N., Walte, J. G., Reichmuth, J., Slaghuis, B. A., Ferwarda-van Zonneveld, R. T., Mooiweer, A., 2004a. Effectiveness of Automatic Cleaning of Udder and Teats and Effects of Hygiene Management. EU Project Automatic Milking. Deliverable D14.
21. Knappstein, K., Roth, N., Walte, J. G., Reichmuth, J., 2004b. Report on Hygiene Measures Resulting in Adequate Teat Cleaning. EU Project Automatic Milking. Deliverable D15.
22. Kruip, T.A.M., Stefanowska, J., Ouweltjes, W., Forsberg, M., Greve, T., Gustafsson, H. 2000. Robot Milking and Effect on Reproduction in Dairy Cows: Preliminary Study. Animal Reproduction: Research and Practice II. Proceedings of the 14th International Congress on Animal Reproduction, Stockholm, Sweden. Anim. Reprod. Sci., 60-61:443-447. 2000 Jul, 2-6.
23. Kruip, T.A.M., Morice, H., Robert, M., Ouweltjest, W., 2002. Robotic Milking and Its Effect on Fertility and Cell Count. J. Dairy Sci. 85:2576-2581.
24. Madsen, J., Weisbjerg, M.R., Hvelplund, T., 2010. Concentrate Composition for Automatic Milking Systems- Effect on Milking Frequency. Livestock Science 127: 45-50.
25. Melin, M., Wiktorsson, H., Christianson, A., 2004. Teat Cleaning Efficiency Before Milking in Delaval VMS Versus Conventional Manual Cleaning. Automatic milking-Abetter understanding, 117. Wageningen, The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers.
26. Oostra, H. 2000. Combining Video Observations with Data Files from Automatic Milking. 3 rd International Conference on Methods and techniques in Behavioral Research, 15-18 August 2000, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
27. Ordolff, D.,2001. Introduction of Electronics into Milking Technology. Comp Elect Agric., 30:125- 149.
28. Reinemann, D.J. 2002. Application of Cleaning and Cooling Principles to Robotic Milking. DeLaval Inaugural Symposium, Kansas City Mo.
29. Reinemann, D.J., Lind, O., Rodenberg, J., 2002. A Global Perspective on Automatic Milking Systems Rules and Regulations. Proc. First North American Conference on Robotic Milking, March 20-21, 2002, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
30. Rodenburg, J. 2002. Strategies for Incorporating Robotic Milking into North American Herd Management. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. 1. Madison, WI, USA. http://www.search.gov.on.ca
31. Schillingmann, D., Mottram, T.T., 1993. Automatic Milking: Development of a Robot System and Ultrasonic Teat Location. J Agric Eng Res., 55:69-78.
32. Türkyılmaz, M.K., 2005. Süt Sığırcılık İşletmelerinde Sağım Robotu Kullanımı. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veterinerlik Fakültesi Dergisi 2(1):61-64.
33. Wagner, A.M., Palmer, R. W., 2003. Feeding Behaviour, Milking Behavior and Milk Yields of Cows Milked in a Parlor Versus an Automatic Milking System. J. Dairy Sci. 86:1494-1502.