The Effect of Honeybee Pollination on Productivity and Quality of Strawberry

Abstract

90% of the food stuff all around the world is obtained from plants. 77 % of these plant needs pollination by bees. Therefore, in order to achieve sufficient pollination, bee colonies are needed in florescence period. When pollination and fertilization do not occur in many species of horticultural crops, abscission takes place without the fruit’s being able to complete its devolopment. In conditions where fecundation is insufficent, the shape of the fruits is deformed and product quality is low even if the fruits remain on the plant as a result of the formation of a few ovules.The quality and quantity of the productare directly affected by the formation, development, pollination and fertilization of flowers in horticutural crops such as apple, pear, strawberry, fig, kiwi, tomato, egg plant and pepper.When enough attention is paid to pollination, production growth in angio spermae is observed. In this study, according to the data obtained from a study conducted in order to determine the effect of honeybees on pollination and fecundation of strawberry in Usak province between 2014 and 2016, a considerable increase in quality and a homogeneity in strawberry fruit were observed and 1248.6 g of productivity was obtained in strawberries with bee pollination, while 970.33 g of productivity was obtained in strawberries without bee pollination.

Keywords

• Strawber r y,bees,y ield,quality

Çilekte Balarısının Verim ve Kaliteye Etkisi

Öz

Dünya gıda maddelerinin % 90'ı bitki türünden elde edilir. Bu bitki türlerinden %77’si arı tarafından tozlaşmaya gereksinim duymaktadır. Bu nedenle yeterli tozlaşmayı sağlamak için çiçeklenme dönemlerinde arı kolonilerine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Pek çok bahçe bitkileri türünde tozlanma ve döllenme olmadığı zaman meyveler gelişmelerini tamamlayamadan dökülürler. Döllenmenin yetersiz olduğu durumlarda, birkaç tohum taslağının oluşumu sonucu meyveler bitki üzerinde kalsa bile meyve şekli bozuk ve ürün kalitesi düşük olur. Elma, armut, çilek, incir, kivi, domates, patlıcan ve biber gibi bahçe bitkilerinde çiçeklerin oluşumu, gelişimi, tozlanma ve döllenme ile ürünün nitelik ve niceliği doğrudan etkilenmektedir. Tozlanmaya önem verildiğinde çiçekli bitkilerde ürün artışı olduğu gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmamızda Uşak ilinde çilekte balarılarının tozlanma ve döllenmeye etkilerini belirlemek için 2014-2016 yılları arasında yürütülen çalışmada elde edilen verilere göre kalitenin önemli ölçüde arttığı, çilek meyvelerinde homojenlik olduğu ve Arı polinasyonu olmayan çilekte verim 970,33 g iken Arılı polinasyondaki çilekte 1248,6 g verim elde edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Çilek,balarısı,verim,kalite

Kaynakça

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