The Effects of Different Intensity of Thinning on the Development in Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands in Kazakh Uplands

Abstract

The search for more accurate methods of predicting the growth and development of forest stands became the most urgent task set for foresters of Kazakhstan to determine the permissible interventions in the natural course of the life of plantings, provide high durability and resilience in forests. The aim of the study was to identify the effects of diameter and density of Scots pine stands of Kazakh Uplands on their growth and productivity and the related productivity of single plantation stands taking into account the conditions of growth and development of internal factors as well as further study of the methodology for assessing the forestry cost-effectiveness and improvement thinning. To achieve this aim, effects of varied felling intensities on Scots pine stands were studied. The most common two forest types in upland Scots pine forests were chosen as permanent sample plots; the dead pine-lichen and moss pine-grass. The results showed that improvement thinning of moderate and severe intensity which are more profitable should be done in Scots pine forests of Kazakh Upland as well as carrying out such thinning increases the yield of the larger logs and increases the value of the left stand.

Keywords

• forestry activities,Scots pine stands,felling of forests,economic efficiency

Kaynakça

1. ZHUKOV A.B. 1976. The main directions of the development of forest biological science in the tenth five-year plan - Forest Science, №2, p. 4.
2. LEBKOV VF 1965. The method of tabulation of growth progress and determination of optimum planting density. Forestry, 2:62-65.
3. LEBKOV VF 1967. Principles and methods of studying structure and dynamics of stands-М Science, 5 p.
4. PLOTNIKOV VV 1979. The evolution of the structure of plant communities. МSc. Thesis, 174 p.
5. TIMOFEEV VP, GEORGIEVSKI NP 1957. Density and layering of forest stands as the condition of their productivity. Goslestehizdat, 109 p.
6. SENNOV SN 1977. Improvement felling of forests. - М.: Timber industry, 160 p.
7. SENNOV SN 1984. Forest tending: ecological basis. - М.: Timber industry, 128 p.
8. SENNOV SN 1999. The results of 60 years’ observations of the natural dynamics of the forest- SPb: SPbSRIF, 98 p.

9. SENNOV SN 2005. Forest science and silviculture (forestry). - М.: ACADEMA, 174 p.
10. ZALESOV SV, LUGANSKI NA 1989. Increment felling in pine forests of the Ural. - Sverdlovsk. Publishing House of Ural University, 128 p.
11. MAKARENKO АА, MUKANOV BM 2002. Improvement felling in pine trees of Kazakhstan. - Almaty: Bastau, 4 p.
12. DANCHENKO AM, DANCHENKO MA 2004. Ecological and Biological Terms in Forestry. Vol. II. - Tomsk: Tomsk State University, 417 p.
13. GEORGIEVSKI NP 1953. Methods of experimental works by thinning the forest - Riga: Works of the Institute of forestry issues, Vol. 5. p.
14. MOLCHANOV АА 1967. Dependence of efficiency stands in the forests of the taiga zone from the changes in environmental conditions. Forest Science, 1:16-23.
15. ANUCHINA NP 1977. Forest inventory.- М: Timber industry, 230 p.
16. ANUCHINA NP 1982. Forest inventory.- М: Timber industry, 248 p.
17. VERHUNOVA PM 1979 The increase in reserve pine forests of different ages-Novosibirsk: Science, 254 p.
18. ATROHINA VG, YEVIN IK 1985. Thinning and intermediate forest exploitation-М.: Agropromizdat, 255 p.
19. ORLOV ММ 1927. Forest management. Vol I. Elements of forestry- L.: Forestry, timber industry and fuel, 58 p.
20. MAKARENKO АА, LAGUNOV PM, HARITONOV BE, SHEVCHUK EI, KRICHUN BM, TOKMURZIN TH 1980. Guide to Forest Inventory in Kazakhstan. - Аlma-Аtа: Kainar, 19 p.
21. MAKARENKO АА, GURSKI AА, KOLTUNOV AА, HARITONOV BE 1987. Assortment and Product Tables for The Forests in Kazakhstan- Аlma-Аtа: Kainar, 21 p.
22. ZDVORIK MG 1952. Statistics for Forest Specialist- М.-L.: Goslesbumizdat, 226 p.
23. SVALOV NN 1977. Variation statistics - М.: Timber industry, 176 p.
24. GROMYKO GL 1981. Statistics- М.: Publishing House of Moscow University, 408 p.
25. ZAICEV GN 1984. Mathematical statistics in experimental botany. / G. - М.: Science, 424 p.
26. MALENKO АА 1980. Influence of improvement felling on the number and fractional composition of defoliation (mortality). Shchuchinsk: KazSRIF, 78-81 p.
27. SMIRNOV NT 1970. Ten years’ experience of improvement felling in Ilmen Reserve- Sverdlovsk: The Ural forests and their management. Issue 5, 171-175 p.
28. PAMFILOV VV 1951. Influence of thinning plantations on physical and mechanical properties of wood at the southern border of the forest-steppe zone-Works of Bryansk forestry institute, 5 p.
29. EYTINGEN GR 1962. Selected works. - М.: Selhozizdat, 500 p.
30. MOROZOV GF 1970. Selected works. Vol. I. - М.: Timber Industry, 477-478 p.
31. TRETYAKOV NV 1937. The method of current and average increment of stands. The treatment of current and average increment of stands - L.: Goslestehizdat, 4-44 p.
32. NESTEROV VG 1961. Scientific bases and immediate tasks of the integrated forestry-Timber Industry. № 9:25-27.
33. IZUYMINSKI PP 1970. Influence of improvement felling on the growth of plantings. Forestry 2: 23-26.
34. DAVYDOV AV 1971. Forest thinning. - М.: Timber Industry, 184 p.
35. ZALESOV SV 1986. Increment felling in pine forests of southern taiga subzone of the Ural. - Sverdlovsk; Diss. Cand.agr.sc., 215 p.
36. ZALESOV SV 1988. Influence of increment felling on the weight and productivity of assimilation apparatus of pine. - Sverdlovsk; The Ural forests and their management. Issue.14, 152-160 p.
37. CHIBISOV GA 1992. Thinning of forest in the European North, silvicultural and biological bases and zonal-typological programs. Thinning of forests in the European North, silvicultural and biological framework and zonal-typological program. St-P.: Synopsis of diss.dr.agr.sc., 41 p.
38. MAKARENKO АА 1967. Improvement felling in the thickened pine forests of Kazakh Upland- Аlma-Аtа: Kainar, 41 p.